{"id":1082,"date":"2013-07-13T01:32:26","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:32:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=1082"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:32:26","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:32:26","slug":"20-an-open-letter-to-my-countrymen-vol-02-karmayogin-volume-02","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/01-sabcl\/02-karmayogin-volume-02\/20-an-open-letter-to-my-countrymen-vol-02-karmayogin-volume-02","title":{"rendered":"-20_An Open Letter to my Countrymen.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" width=\"100%\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"Section8\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\"><b><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"4\">An Open Letter to My Countrymen<\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:98pt;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:98pt;line-height:150%'><b><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"4\">T<\/font><\/span><\/b><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\"><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps\"><b>HE<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span>position of a public man who does his duty in India today is too precarious<br \/>\nto permit of his being sure of the morrow. I have recently come out of a year&#8217;s<br \/>\nseclusion from work for my country on a charge which there was not a scrap of<br \/>\nreliable evidence to support, but my acquittal is no security either against<br \/>\nthe trumping up of a fresh accusation or the arbitrary law of deportation which<br \/>\ndispenses with the inconvenient formality of a charge and the still more<br \/>\ninconvenient necessity of producing evidence. Especially with the hounds of the<br \/>\nAnglo-Indian Press barking at our heels and continually clamouring for<br \/>\nGovernment to remove every man who dares to raise his voice to speak of<br \/>\npatriotism and its duties, the liberty of the person is held on a tenure which<br \/>\nis worse than precarious. Rumour is strong that<br \/>\na case for my deportation has been submitted to the Government by the Calcutta<br \/>\nPolice and neither the tranquillity of the country nor the scrupulous legality<br \/>\nof our procedure is a guarantee against the contingency of the all-powerful<br \/>\nfiat of the Government watch-dogs silencing scruples on the part of those who<br \/>\nadvise at Simla. Under such circumstances I have thought it well to address<br \/>\nthis letter to my countrymen, and especially to those who profess the<br \/>\nprinciples of the Nationalist party, on the needs of the present and the<br \/>\npolicy of the future. In case of my deportation it may help to guide some who<br \/>\nwould be uncertain of their course of action, and, if I do not return from it,<br \/>\nit may stand as my last political will and testament to my countrymen.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">The situation of<br \/>\nthe Nationalist party is difficult but not impossible. The idea of some that<br \/>\nthe party is extinct because its leaders are sentenced or deported, is an error<br \/>\nwhich comes of looking only at the surface. The party is there, not less<br \/>\npowerful and pervading than before, but in want of a policy and a leader. The<br \/>\nfirst it may find, the second only God can give it. All great movements wait<br \/>\nfor their God-sent leader, the willing channel<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 124<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section9\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">of His force, and only when he comes, move forward triumphantly to<br \/>\ntheir fulfilment. The men who have led hitherto have been strong men of high gifts<br \/>\nand commanding genius, great enough to be the protagonists of any other<br \/>\nmovement, but even they were not sufficient to fulfil one which is the chief<br \/>\ncurrent of a worldwide revolution. Therefore the Nationalist party, custodians<br \/>\nof the future, must wait for the man who is to come, calm in the midst of<br \/>\ncalamity, hopeful under defeat, sure of eventual emergence and triumph and<br \/>\nalways mindful of the responsibility which they owe not only to their Indian<br \/>\nposterity but to the world.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">Meanwhile the<br \/>\ndifficulties of our situation ask for bold yet wary walking. The strength of<br \/>\nour position is moral, not material. The whole of the physical strength in the<br \/>\ncountry belongs to the established authority which our success would, so far as<br \/>\nits present form is concerned, abolish by transforming it out of all<br \/>\npossibility of recognition. It is natural that it should use all its physical<br \/>\nstrength to prevent, so long as it can, that transformation. The whole of the moral strength of the country is with us,<br \/>\njustice is with us, Nature is with us. The law of God which is higher than any<br \/>\nhuman, justifies our action; youth is for<br \/>\nus, the future is ours. On that moral strength we must rely for our survival<br \/>\nand eventual success. We must not be tempted by any rash impatience into abandoning<br \/>\nthe ground on which we are strong and venturing on the ground on which we are<br \/>\nweak. Our ideal is an ideal which no law can condemn:<br \/>\nour chosen methods are such that no modern Government can expressly declare<br \/>\nthem illegal without forfeiting its claim to be considered a civilised<br \/>\nadministration. To that ideal and to those methods we must firmly adhere and<br \/>\nrely on them alone for our eventual success. A respect for the law is a<br \/>\nnecessary quality for endurance as a nation and it has always been a marked<br \/>\ncharacteristic of the Indian people. We must therefore scrupulously observe the<br \/>\nlaw while taking every advantage both of the protection it gives and the<br \/>\nlatitude it still leaves for pushing forward our cause and our propaganda.<br \/>\nWith the stray assassinations which have troubled the country we have no<br \/>\nconcern, and, having once clearly and firmly dissociated ourselves from them,<br \/>\nwe need notice them no<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 125<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section10\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">farther. They are the rank and noxious fruit of a rank and noxious<br \/>\npolicy and until the authors of that policy turn from their errors, no human<br \/>\npower can prevent the poison-tree from bearing according to its kind. We who<br \/>\nhave no voice either in determining the laws of their administration are<br \/>\nhelpless in the matter. To deportation and proclamation, the favourite<br \/>\ninstruments of men incapable of a wise and strong rule, we can only oppose a<br \/>\nsteady and fearless adherence to the propagandism<br \/>\nand practice of a lawful policy and a noble ideal.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">Our ideal is that<br \/>\nof Swaraj or absolute autonomy free from foreign control. We claim the right of<br \/>\nevery nation to live its own life by its own energies according to its own nature and ideals. We reject the claim of aliens<br \/>\nto force upon us a civilisation inferior to our own or to keep us out of our<br \/>\ninheritance on the untenable ground of a superior fitness. While admitting the<br \/>\nstains and defects which long subjection has induced upon our native capacity<br \/>\nand energy, we are conscious of that capacity and energy reviving in us. We<br \/>\npoint to the unexampled national vigour which has preserved the people of this country through centuries of<br \/>\ncalamity and defeat, to the great actions of our forefathers continued even to<br \/>\nthe other day, to the many men of intellect and character such as no other<br \/>\nnation in a subject condition has been able to produce, and we say that a<br \/>\npeople capable of such unheard-of vitality is not one which can be put down as<br \/>\na nation of children and incapables. We are<br \/>\nin no way inferior to our forefathers. We have brains, we have courage, we have<br \/>\nan infinite and various national capacity. All we need is a field and an<br \/>\nopportunity. That field and opportunity can only be provided by a national<br \/>\ngovernment, a free society and a great Indian culture. So long as these are not<br \/>\nconceded to us, we can have no other use for our brains, courage and capacity<br \/>\nthan to struggle unceasingly to achieve them.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">Our ideal of<br \/>\nSwaraj involves no hatred of any other nation nor of the administration which<br \/>\nis now established by law in this country. We find a bureaucratic<br \/>\nadministration, we wish to make it democratic; we find an alien government, we<br \/>\nwish to make it indigenous; we find a foreign control, we wish to render it<br \/>\nIndian. They lie who say that this aspiration necessitates hatred<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 126<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section11\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">and violence. Our ideal of patriotism proceeds on the basis of love<br \/>\nand brotherhood and it looks beyond the unity of the nation and envisages the<br \/>\nultimate unity of mankind. But it is a unity of brothers, equals and free men<br \/>\nthat we seek, not the unity of master and serf, of devourer<br \/>\nand devoured. We demand the realisation of our corporate existence as a<br \/>\ndistinct race and nation because that is the only way in which the ultimate<br \/>\nbrotherhood of humanity can be achieved, not by blotting out individual peoples<br \/>\nand effacing outward distinctions, but by removing the internal obstacles to<br \/>\nunity, the causes of hatred, malice and misunderstanding. A struggle for our<br \/>\nrights does not involve hatred of those who mistakenly deny them. It only<br \/>\ninvolves a determination to suffer and<br \/>\nstrive, to speak the truth boldly and without respect of persons, to use every<br \/>\nlawful means of pressure and every source of moral strength in order to<br \/>\nestablish ourselves and dis-establish that<br \/>\nwhich denies the law of progress.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">Our methods are those of self-help and passive resistance. To<br \/>\nunite and organise ourselves in order to show our efficiency by the way in<br \/>\nwhich we can develop our industries, settle our individual disputes, keep order<br \/>\nand peace on public occasions, attend to questions of sanitation, help the sick<br \/>\nand suffering, relieve the famine-stricken, work out our intellectual,<br \/>\ntechnical and physical education, evolve a Government of our own for our own<br \/>\ninternal affairs so far as that could be done without disobeying the law or<br \/>\nquestioning the legal authority of the bureaucratic administration, this was<br \/>\nthe policy publicly and frankly adopted by the Nationalist party. In Bengal we<br \/>\nhad advanced so far as to afford distinct proof of our capacity in almost all<br \/>\nthese respects and the evolution of a strong, united and well-organised Bengal<br \/>\nhad become a near and certain prospect. The internal troubles which came to a<br \/>\nhead at Surat and the repressive policy<br \/>\ninitiated immediately afterwards, culminating in the destruction of our<br \/>\norganisations and the effective intimidation of Swadeshi workers and<br \/>\nsympathisers by official underlings, have both been serious checks to our<br \/>\nprogress and seem for the moment to have postponed the realisation of our hopes<br \/>\nto a distant future. The check is temporary. Courage and sane statesmanship in<br \/>\nour leaders is all that is wanted to restore the courage and the con- <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 127<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section12\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">fidence of the people<br \/>\nand evolve new methods of organisation which will not come into conflict even<br \/>\nwith the repressive laws.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">The policy of passive resistance was evolved partly as the necessary<br \/>\ncomplement of self-help, partly as a means of putting pressure on the<br \/>\nGovernment. The essence of this policy is the refusal of co-operation so long<br \/>\nas we are not admitted to a substantial share and an effective control in<br \/>\nlegislation, finance and administration. Just as &quot;No representation, no<br \/>\ntaxation&quot; was the watchword of American constitutional agitation in the<br \/>\neighteenth century, so &quot;No control, no co-operation&quot; should be the<br \/>\nwatchword of our lawful agitation \u2014 for constitution we have none \u2014 in the<br \/>\ntwentieth. We sum up this refusal of co\u00adoperation in the convenient word<br \/>\n&quot;Boycott&quot;, refusal of co\u00adoperation in the industrial exploitation of<br \/>\nour country, in education, in government, in judicial administration, in the<br \/>\ndetails of official intercourse. Necessarily, we have not made that refusal of<br \/>\nco-operation complete and uncompromising, but we hold it as a method to be<br \/>\nenlarged and pushed farther according as the necessity for moral pressure<br \/>\nbecomes greater and more urgent. This is one aspect of the policy. Another is<br \/>\nthe necessity of boycott to help our own nascent energies in the field of<br \/>\nself-help. Boycott of foreign goods is a necessary condition for the encouragement<br \/>\nof Swadeshi industries, boycott of Government schools is a necessary condition<br \/>\nfor the growth of national education, boycott of British courts is a necessary<br \/>\ncondition for the spread of arbitration. The only question is the extent and<br \/>\nconditions of the boycott and that must be determined by the circumstances of<br \/>\nthe particular problem in each case. The general spirit of passive resistance<br \/>\nhas first to be raised, afterwards it can be organised, regulated and, where<br \/>\nnecessary, limited.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">The first obstacle to our evolution is the internal dispute which<br \/>\nhas for the moment wrecked the Congress and left in its place the hollow and<br \/>\nmutilated simulacrum of a National Assembly which met last year at Madras and,<br \/>\ndeprived though it is of the support of the most eminent local leaders,<br \/>\npurposes to meet again at Lahore. It is a grievous error to suppose that this<br \/>\ndispute hung only on personal questions and differences of a trifling importance.<br \/>\nAs happens inevitably in such popular contests, personal<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 128<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section13\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">questions and differences of minor importance intervened to perplex<br \/>\nand embitter the strife, but the real questions in debate were those which<br \/>\ninvolved the whole future development of the spirit and form of self-government<br \/>\nin this country. Were that spirit and form to be democratic or oligarchic ? Were they to be constitutional in procedure or<br \/>\ngoverned by arbitrary and individual choice and discretion ? Was the movement<br \/>\nto be progressive and national or conservative and parochial in its aims,<br \/>\npolicy and spirit ? These were the real issues. The Nationalist party stood for<br \/>\ndemocracy, constitutionalism and progress. The Moderate party, governed by an<br \/>\nexaggerated respect for old and esteemed leaders, helped, without clearly<br \/>\nunderstanding what they did, those who stood for oligarchy, arbitrary procedure<br \/>\nand an almost reactionary conservatism. Personal idiosyncracies,<br \/>\npreferences, aversions settled like a thick cloud over the contest, the<br \/>\ncombatants on both sides flung themselves on every point of difference material or immaterial as a pretext or a<br \/>\nweapon, the tactics of party warfare were freely used and, finally, the deliberate<br \/>\nobstinacy of a few Moderate leaders in avoiding discussion of the points of<br \/>\ndifference and the unruly ardour of the younger men on both sides led to the<br \/>\nviolent scenes at Surat and the break-up of<br \/>\nthe Congress. If the question is ever to be settled to the advantage of<br \/>\nnational progress, the personal and minor differences must be banished from the<br \/>\nfield and the real issues plainly and dispassionately considered.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">The questions of particular importance which divide the parties are<br \/>\nthe exact form of Swaraj to be held forward as an ideal, the policy of passive<br \/>\nresistance and the form of certain resolutions. The last is a question to be<br \/>\ndecided by the Congress itself and all that the Nationalists demand is that<br \/>\ndiscussion shall not be burked and that they shall not be debarred from their<br \/>\nconstitutional right of placing their views before the National Assembly. On<br \/>\nthe other points, they cannot sacrifice their ideal or their policy, but their<br \/>\ncontention is that these differences ought not in a free deliberative assembly<br \/>\nto stand in the way of united progress. The Swaraj matter can easily be settled<br \/>\nby the substitution of &quot;full and complete self-government&quot; for<br \/>\n&quot;self-government on Colonial lines&quot; in the Swaraj resolution. The<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 129<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section14\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">difference as to passive resistance hinges at present on the boycott<br \/>\nresolution which the Nationalist party, \u2014 and in this they are supported by a<br \/>\nlarge body of Moderate opinion, \u2014 cannot consent to sacrifice. But here also<br \/>\nthey are willing to submit the question to the arbitrament of a freely-elected<br \/>\nCongress, though they refuse to recognise a close and limited Subjects<br \/>\nCommittee as the final authority. It will be seen therefore that the real question<br \/>\nthroughout is constitutional. The body which at present calls itself the<br \/>\nCongress, has adopted a constitution which is close, exclusive, undemocratic<br \/>\nand so framed as to limit the free election of delegates by the people. It<br \/>\nlimits itself by proposing a number of articles of faith in a particular form<br \/>\nof words to every intending delegate before he can take his seat; it aims at<br \/>\nthe election of delegates only by select bodies and associations instead of the<br \/>\ndirect election of the people; it excuses many from the chances of election and<br \/>\ngives them an undue weight in the disposal of the affairs of the assembly.<br \/>\nThese and similar provisions no democratic party can accept. A Nationalist Conference<br \/>\nor a Moderate Convention may so guard its integrity, but the Congress is and<br \/>\nmust be a National Assembly admitting freely all who are duly elected by the<br \/>\npeople. The proposed passing of this reactionary constitution by a body already<br \/>\nlimited under its provisions will not cure the constitutional defect. It is<br \/>\nonly a Congress elected on the old lines that can determine the future<br \/>\nprovisions for its constitution and procedure with any hope of universal<br \/>\nacceptance.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">It is not<br \/>\ntherefore by any manipulation of the Congress or Convention that a solution of<br \/>\nthe problem can be brought about, but by the Provincial Conferences empowering<br \/>\nthe leaders of both parties to meet in Committee and provide for an arrangement<br \/>\nwhich will heal differences and enable the Congress to work smoothly and freely<br \/>\nin the future. If there is a minority who refuse to associate themselves with<br \/>\nany such attempt, the majority will be justified by the mandate of the Provinces<br \/>\nin disregarding them and meeting to carry out the popular wish. Once the lines<br \/>\nare settled they can be submitted to the free choice of a freely-elected<br \/>\nCongress for acceptance, rejection or modification. This will restore the<br \/>\nCongress on sound constitutional lines<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 130<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section15\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">in which the bitter experience of the past may be relied on to prevent those mistakes of obstinacy and passion<br \/>\nwhich prevented a solution of the problem at Surat.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">Outside the Congress<br \/>\nthe chances of united working are more complete than within it. There are only<br \/>\ntwo questions which are likely either to trouble harmony or hamper action. The<br \/>\nfirst is the question of the acceptance or rejection of the present reforms<br \/>\nintroducing, as they do, no element of popular control nor any fresh<br \/>\nconstitutional principle except the unsound principle of privileged<br \/>\nrepresentation for a single community. This involves the wider question of<br \/>\nco-operation. It is generally supposed that the Nationalist party is committed<br \/>\nto the persistent and uncompromising refusal of co-operation until they get<br \/>\nthe full concession of Swaraj. Nationalist<br \/>\npublicists have not cared to combat this error explicitly because they were<br \/>\nmore anxious to get their ideal accepted and the spirit of passive resistance<br \/>\nand complete self-help popularised than to discuss a question which was not<br \/>\nthen a part of practical politics. But it is obvious that a party advancing<br \/>\nsuch a proposition would be a party of doctrinaires and idealists, not of<br \/>\npractical thinkers and workers. The Nationalist principle is the principle of<br \/>\n&quot;No control, no co\u00adoperation&quot;. Since all control has been refused,<br \/>\nand so long as all control is refused, the Nationalist party preaches the<br \/>\nrefusal of co-operation as complete as we can make it. But it is evident that<br \/>\nif, for instance, the power of imposing protective duties were given to a<br \/>\npopular and elective body, no serious political party would prefer persistence<br \/>\nin commercial boycott to the use of the powers conceded. Or if education were<br \/>\nsimilarly made free of official control and entrusted to a popular body, as<br \/>\nLord Reay once thought of entrusting it, no<br \/>\nsensible politician would ask the nation to boycott that education. Or if the<br \/>\ncourts were manned by Indian judges and made responsible not to the Executive<br \/>\nbut to a Minister representing the people, arbitration would immediately take<br \/>\nits place as a supplementary aid to the regular courts. So also the refusal to<br \/>\nco-operate in an administration which excludes the people from an effective<br \/>\nvoice does not involve a refusal to co-operate in an administration of which<br \/>\nthe people are an effective part. The refusal of autocratic gifts does not in-<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 131<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section16\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">volve a refusal to<br \/>\ntake up popular rights inalienably secured to the people. It is on the contrary<br \/>\nwith the object of compelling the concession of the various elements of Swaraj<br \/>\nby peaceful moral pressure and in the absence of such concessions developing<br \/>\nour own institutions to the gradual extrusion and final supplanting of<br \/>\nbureaucratic institutions that the policy of self-help and passive resistance<br \/>\nwas started. This acceptance of popular rights does not imply the abandonment<br \/>\nof the ideal of complete autonomy or of the use of passive resistance in case<br \/>\nof any future arbitrary interference with the rights of the people. It implies<br \/>\nonly the use of partial Swaraj as a step and means towards complete Swaraj.<br \/>\nWhere the Nationalists definitely and decisively part company with an influential<br \/>\nsection of the Moderates is in refusing to accept any petty or illusory<br \/>\nconcession that will draw away our aspirations from their unalterable ideal or<br \/>\ndelude the people into thinking that they have secured real rights.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">Another question<br \/>\nis that of cleaving to and enforcing the Boycott. In Bengal, even if there are<br \/>\nsome who are timid or reactionary enough to shrink from the word or the thing,<br \/>\nthe general feeling in its favour is emphatic and practically unanimous. But<br \/>\nit is time now to consider seriously the question of regulating the Boycott.<br \/>\nNationalists have always demurred to the proviso &quot;as far as possible&quot;<br \/>\nin the Swadeshi resolution on account of the large loophole its vagueness left<br \/>\nto the hesitating and the lukewarm, and they have preferred the form &quot;at<br \/>\na sacrifice&quot;. But it will now be well if we face the concrete problems of<br \/>\nthe Boycott. While we must keep it absolute wherever Swadeshi articles are<br \/>\nprocurable as also in respect to pure luxuries with which we can dispense, we<br \/>\nmust recognise that there are necessities of life and business for which we<br \/>\nhave still to go to foreign countries. The public ought to be guided as to the<br \/>\nchoice of the countries which we shall favour in the purchase of these<br \/>\narticles, \u2014 necessarily they must be countries sympathetic to Indian<br \/>\naspirations, \u2014 and those which we shall exclude. The failure to deal with this<br \/>\nquestion is largely responsible for the laxity of our political boycott and<br \/>\nour consequent failure to get the Partition rescinded. There are also other<br \/>\nquestions, such as the attempt of shopkeepers and merchants to pass off foreign goods wholesale as Swadeshi, which<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 132<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section17\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">must be taken up at once if the movement is not to suffer a serious<br \/>\nsetback.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">A final difficulty remains, \u2014 by what organisation are we to carry<br \/>\non the movement even when these questions are settled ?<br \/>\nThe Nationalist programme was to build up a great deliberative and<br \/>\nexecutive organisation on the basis of a reconstituted Congress, and this scheme<br \/>\nstill remains the only feasible means of organising the country. Even if a<br \/>\nunited Congress cannot be secured, the provinces ought to organise themselves<br \/>\nseparately, and perhaps this may prove to be the only possible way of restoring<br \/>\nthe Congress, by reconstituting it from the bottom. Even the District organisations, however, cannot work effectively without hands, and these we<br \/>\nhad provided for in the Sabhas and Samitis of young men which sprang up on all sides<br \/>\nand were just succeeding in forming an efficient network of organisation all<br \/>\nover Bengal. These are now being suppressed by administrative order; it<br \/>\nbecomes a question whether we cannot replace them by a loose and elusive organisation of young men in groups ordering each its own work by common<br \/>\nagreement and working hand in hand, but without a rigid or definite<br \/>\norganisation. I throw out the suggestion for consideration by the leaders of<br \/>\nthought and action in the provinces where unity seems at all feasible.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">This then is the situation as it presents itself to me. The policy I<br \/>\nsuggest to the Nationalist party may briefly be summed up as follows: \u2014<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">1. Persistence with a strict regard to law in a<br \/>\npeaceful policy of self-help and passive resistance.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">2. The regulation of our attitude towards<br \/>\nthe Government by the principle of &quot;No control, no co-operation&quot;.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">3. A <i>rapprochement<\/i> with the Moderate<br \/>\nParty wherever possible and the reconstitution<br \/>\nof a united Congress.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">4. The regulation of the Boycott Movement so<br \/>\nas to make both the political and the economic boycott effective.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><font size=\"3\">5. The organisation of the Provinces, if not<br \/>\nof the whole country, according to our original programme.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\" style='margin:0;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'><span lang=\"EN-US\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">6. A system of<br \/>\nco-operation which will not contravene the<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 133<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section18\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='font-size:12.0pt'>law and will yet enable workers to proceed<br \/>\nwith the work of self-help and national efficiency, if not quite so effectively<br \/>\nas before, yet with energy and success.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'>\n<i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style='font-size:12.0pt'><br \/>\nJuly,<br \/>\n1909<\/span><\/i><i><span lang=\"EN-US\" style='font-size:12.0pt'>&nbsp; <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"en-us\"><font size=\"3\"><i>Calcutta&nbsp; <\/i><\/font><\/span><br \/>\n<span style='font-size:12.0pt' lang=\"EN-US\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps\">urobindo<br \/>\n<\/span>g<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps\">hose<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<font size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-US\" style='line-height:108%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\"'>Page \u2013 134<\/span><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"Section10\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-indent:0;text-align:right;line-height:150%'><b><br \/>\n\t<font size=\"2\"><a href=\"\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/01-sabcl\/02-karmayogin-volume-02\/00-Contents-Vol-02-karmayogin-volume-02\"><br \/>\n\t<span style=\"text-decoration: none\">HOME<\/span><\/a><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An Open Letter to My Countrymen &nbsp; THE position of a public man who does his duty in India today is too precarious to permit&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-02-karmayogin-volume-02","wpcat-23-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1082"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1082\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}