{"id":1138,"date":"2013-07-13T01:32:51","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:32:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=1138"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:32:51","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:32:51","slug":"14-the-office-and-limitations-of-the-reason-vol-15-social-and-political-thought-volume-15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/01-sabcl\/15-social-and-political-thought-volume-15\/14-the-office-and-limitations-of-the-reason-vol-15-social-and-political-thought-volume-15","title":{"rendered":"-14_The Office and Limitations of the Reason.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"Section1\">\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'><b><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">CHAPTER<\/font><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/font> <\/span><\/b><font size=\"3\">XII<\/font><b><font size=\"3\"> <\/font><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"ChapterHeading\" style=\"margin:0;text-align: center;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"4\" color=\"#000000\">The Office<br \/>\nand Limitations of the Reason<\/font><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"ChapterHeading\" style=\"margin:0;text-align: center;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'>\n<font size=\"3\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I<\/span><\/font><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">F THE<\/font> <font size=\"3\">reason is not the sovereign master of our being nor<br \/>\neven intended to be more than an intermediary or minister, it cannot succeed in<br \/>\ngiving a perfect law to the other estates of the realm, although it may impose<br \/>\non them a temporary and imperfect order as a passage to a higher perfection.<br \/>\nThe rational or intellectual man is not the last and highest ideal of manhood,<br \/>\nnor would a rational society be the last and highest expression of the<br \/>\npossibilities of an aggregate human life,<\/font> &#8211;<font size=\"3\"><br \/>\n<\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">un<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">less indeed we give to the<br \/>\nword, reason, a wider meaning than it now possesses and include in it the<br \/>\ncombined wisdom of all our powers of knowledge, those which stand below and<br \/>\nabove the understanding and logical mind as well as this strictly rational part<br \/>\nof our nature. The Spirit that manifests itself in man and dominates secretly<br \/>\nthe phases of his development, is greater and profounder than his intellect and<br \/>\ndrives towards a perfection that cannot be shut in by the arbitrary<br \/>\nconstructions of the human reason.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font> <\/span><font size=\"3\">Meanwhile, the intellect performs its<br \/>\nfunction; it leads man to the gates of a greater self-consciousness and places<br \/>\nhim with <span class=\"SpellE\">unbandaged<\/span> eyes on that wide threshold where<br \/>\na more luminous Angel has to take him by the hand. It takes first the lower<br \/>\npowers of his existence, each absorbed in its own urge, each striving with a<br \/>\nblind self-sufficiency towards the fulfilment of its own instincts and primary impulses;<br \/>\nit teaches them to understand themselves and to look through the reflecting<br \/>\neyes of the intelligence on the laws of their own action. It enables them to<br \/>\ndiscern intelligently the high in themselves from the low, the pure from the<br \/>\nimpure and out of a crude confusion to arrive at more and more luminous<br \/>\nformulas of their possibilities. It gives them self-knowledge and is a guide,<br \/>\nteacher, purifier, liberator. For<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">Page-105<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">it enables them also to look beyond themselves and at each other and to<br \/>\ndraw upon each other for fresh motives and a richer working. It strengthens and<br \/>\npurifies the hedonistic and the aesthetic activities and softens their quarrel<br \/>\nwith the ethical mind and instinct; it gives them solidity and seriousness,<br \/>\nbrings them to the support of the practical and dynamic powers and allies them<br \/>\nmore closely to the strong actualities of life. It sweetens the ethical will by<br \/>\ninfusing into it psychic, hedonistic and aesthetic elements and ennobles by all<br \/>\nthese separately or together the practical, dynamic and utilitarian temperament<br \/>\nof the human being. At the same time it plays the part of a judge and<br \/>\nlegislator, seeks to fix rules, provide systems and regularised combinations<br \/>\nwhich shall enable the powers of the human soul to walk by a settled path and<br \/>\nact according to a sure law, an ascertained measure and in a balanced rhythm.<br \/>\nHere it finds after a time that its legislative action becomes a force for<br \/>\nlimitation and turns into a bondage and that the regularised system which it<br \/>\nhas imposed in the interests of order and conservation becomes a cause of<br \/>\npetrifaction and the sealing up of the fountains of life. It has to bring in<br \/>\nits own saving faculty of doubt. Under the impulse of the intelligence warned<br \/>\nby the obscure revolt of the oppressed springs of life, ethics, aesthetics, the<br \/>\nsocial, political, economic rule begin to question themselves and, if this at<br \/>\nfirst brings in again some confusion, disorder and uncertainty, yet it awakens<br \/>\nnew movements of imagination, insight, self-knowledge and self. realisation by<br \/>\nwhich old systems and formulas are transformed or disappear, new experiments<br \/>\nare made and in the end larger potentialities and combinations are brought into<br \/>\nplay. By this double action of the intelligence, affirming and imposing what it<br \/>\nhas seen and again in due season questioning what has been accomplished in<br \/>\norder to make a new affirmation, fixing a rule and order and liberating from<br \/>\nrule and order, the progress of the race is assured, however uncertain may seem<br \/>\nits steps and stages.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font> <\/span><font size=\"3\">But the action of the intelligence is not<br \/>\nonly turned downward and outward upon our subjective and external life to<br \/>\nunderstand it and determine the law and order of its present movement and its<br \/>\nfuture potentialities. It has also an upward and inward eye and a more luminous<br \/>\nfunctioning by which it accepts<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">Page<br \/>\n-106<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">divinations from the hidden eternities. It is opened in this power of<br \/>\nvision to a Truth above it from which it derives, however imperfectly and as<br \/>\nfrom behind a veil, an indirect knowledge of the universal principles of our<br \/>\nexistence and its possibilities; it receives and turns what it can seize of<br \/>\nthem into intellectual forms and these provide us with large governing ideas by<br \/>\nwhich our efforts can be shaped and around which they can be concentrated or massed;<br \/>\nit defines the ideals which we seek to accomplish. It provides us with the<br \/>\ngreat ideas that are forces <\/font> <i><font size=\"3\">(<\/font><\/i><\/span><span class=\"SpellE\"><i><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">idees<\/font><\/span><\/i><\/span><i><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\"><br \/>\n<\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">forces), <\/font><\/span><\/i><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">ideas<br \/>\nwhich in their own strength impose themselves<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\"> upon our life and compel it<br \/>\ninto their moulds. Only the forms we give these ideas are intellectual; they<br \/>\nthemselves descend from a plane of truth of being where knowledge and force are<br \/>\none, the idea and the power of self-fulfilment in the idea are inseparable.<br \/>\nUnfortunately, when translated into the forms of our intelligence which acts<br \/>\nonly by a separating and combining analysis and synthesis and into the effort<br \/>\nof our life which advances by a sort of experimental and empirical seeking,<br \/>\nthese powers become disparate and conflicting ideals which we have all the<br \/>\ndifficulty in the world to bring into any kind of satisfactory harmony. Such<br \/>\nare the primary principles of liberty and order, good, beauty and truth, the<br \/>\nideal of power and the ideal of love, individualism and collectivism, self-<br \/>\ndenial and self-fulfilment and a hundred others. In each sphere of human life,<br \/>\nin each part of our being and our action the intellect presents us with the<br \/>\nopposition of a number of such master ideas and such conflicting principles. It<br \/>\nfinds each to be a truth to which something essential in our being responds, &#8211;<\/font> <font size=\"3\">in our higher nature a law, in<br \/>\nour lower nature an instinct. <\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">It<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\"><br \/>\nseeks <\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">to fulfil each in turn, builds a system of action<br \/>\nround <\/font> <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">it<br \/>\nand goes from one to the other and back again to what it has left. Or it tries<br \/>\nto combine them but is contented with none of the combinations it has made<br \/>\nbecause none brings about their perfect reconciliation or their satisfied<br \/>\noneness. That indeed belongs to a larger and higher consciousness, not yet<br \/>\nattained by mankind, where these opposites are ever harmonised and even unified<br \/>\nbecause in their origin they are eternally one. But still every enlarged<br \/>\nattempt of the intelligence thus dealing with<\/font><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/font><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">Page-107<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">our inner and outer life increases the width and wealth of our nature,<br \/>\nopens it to larger possibilities of self-knowledge and self-realisation and<br \/>\nbrings us nearer to our awakening into that greater consciousness.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font> <\/span><font size=\"3\">The individual and social progress of<br \/>\nman has been thus a double movement of self-illumination and self-harmonising<br \/>\nwith the intelligence and the intelligent will as the intermediaries between<br \/>\nhis soul and its works. He has had to bring out numberless possibilities of<br \/>\nself-understanding, self-mastery, self- formation out of his first crude life<br \/>\nof instincts and impulses; he has been constantly impelled to convert that<br \/>\nlower animal or half-animal existence with its imperfect self-conscience into<br \/>\nthe stuff of intelligent being, instincts into ideas, impulses into ordered<br \/>\nmovements of an intelligent will. But as he has to proceed out of ignorance<br \/>\ninto knowledge by a slow labour of self-recognition and mastery of his<br \/>\nsurroundings and his material and his intelligence is incapable of seizing<br \/>\ncomprehensively the whole of himself in knowledge, unable to work out<br \/>\ncomprehensively the mass of his possibilities in action, he has had to proceed<br \/>\npiecemeal, by partial experiments, by creation of different types, by a<br \/>\nconstant swinging backward and forward between the various possibilities before<br \/>\nhim and the different elements he has to harmonise.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font> <\/span><font size=\"3\">It is not only that he has to contrive<br \/>\ncontinually some new harmony between the various elements of his being,<br \/>\nphysical, <span class=\"SpellE\">vitalistic<\/span>, practical and dynamic,<br \/>\naesthetic, emotional and hedonistic, ethical, intellectual, but each of them<br \/>\nagain has to arrive at some order of its own disparate materials. In his ethics<br \/>\nhe is divided by different moral tendencies, justice and charity, self-help and<br \/>\naltruism, self-increase and self-abnegation, the tendencies of strength and the<br \/>\ntendencies of love, the moral rule of activism and the moral rule of quietism.<br \/>\nHis emotions are necessary to his development and their indulgence essential to<br \/>\nthe <span class=\"SpellE\">outtlowering<\/span> of his rich humanity; yet is he<br \/>\nconstantly called upon to coerce and deny them, nor is there any sure rule to<br \/>\nguide him in the perplexity of this twofold need. His hedonistic impulse is<br \/>\ncalled many ways by different fields, objects, ideals of self-satisfaction. His<br \/>\naesthetic enjoyment, his aesthetic<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">Page-108<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">creation forms for itself under the stress of the intelligence different<br \/>\nlaws and forms; each seeks to impose itself as the best and the standard, yet<br \/>\neach, if its claim were allowed, would by its unjust victory impoverish and<br \/>\nimprison his faculty and his felicity in its exercise. His politics and society<br \/>\nare a series of adventures and experiments among various possibilities of<br \/>\nautocracy, monarchism, military aristocracy, mercantile oligarchy, open or<br \/>\nveiled plutocracy, pseudo-democracy of various kinds, bourgeois or proletarian,<br \/>\nindividualistic or collectivist or bureaucratic, socialism awaiting him,<br \/>\nanarchism looming beyond it: and all these correspond to some truth of his<br \/>\nsocial being, some need of his complex social nature, some instinct of force in<br \/>\nit which demands that form for its effectuation. Mankind works out these<br \/>\ndifficulties under the stress of the spirit within it by throwing out a<br \/>\nconstant variation of types, types of character and temperament, types of<br \/>\npractical activity, aesthetic creation, polity, society, ethical order,<br \/>\nintellectual system, which vary from the pure to the mixed, from the simple<br \/>\nharmony to the complex; each and all of these are so many experiments of<br \/>\nindividual and collective self-formation in the light of a progressive and<br \/>\nincreasing knowledge. That knowledge is governed by a number of conflicting<br \/>\nideas and ideals around which these experiments group themselves: each of them<br \/>\nis gradually pushed as far as possible in its purity and again mixed and<br \/>\ncombined as much as possible with others so that there may be a more complex<br \/>\nform and an enriched action. Each type has to be broken in turn to yield place<br \/>\nto new types and each combination has to give way to the possibility of a new<br \/>\ncombination. Through it all there is growing an accumulating stock of<br \/>\nself-experience and self-actualisation of which the ordinary man accepts some<br \/>\ncurrent formulation conventionally as if it were an absolute law and truth,<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <font size=\"3\">&#8211; <\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">often<br \/>\n<\/font><br \/>\n<\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">enough<br \/>\nhe even thinks it to be that,<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">&#8211;<\/font> <font size=\"3\">but which the more developed<br \/>\nhuman being seeks always either to break or to enlarge and make more profound<br \/>\nor subtle in order to increase or make room for an increase of human capacity,<br \/>\nperfectibility, happiness.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">This view of human life and<br \/>\nof the process of our develop-<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">Page-109<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'><span class=\"SpellE\"><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">ment<\/font><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">, to which subjectivism<br \/>\nreadily leads us, gives us a truer vision of the place of the intellect in the<br \/>\nhuman movement. We have seen that the ,intellect has a double working,<br \/>\ndispassionate and interested, self-centred or subservient to movements not its<br \/>\nown. The one is a disinterested pursuit of truth for the sake of Truth and of<br \/>\nknowledge for the sake of Knowledge without any ulterior motive, with every<br \/>\nconsideration put away except the rule of keeping the eye on the object, on the<br \/>\nfact under enquiry and finding out its truth, its process, its law. The other<br \/>\nis coloured by the passion for practice, the desire to govern life by the truth<br \/>\ndiscovered or the fascination of an idea which we labour to establish as the<br \/>\nsovereign law of our life and action. We have seen indeed that this is the<br \/>\nsuperiority of reason over the other faculties of man that it is not confined<br \/>\nto a separate absorbed action of its own, but plays upon all the others,<br \/>\ndiscovers their law and truth, makes its discoveries serviceable to them and<br \/>\neven in pursuing its own bent and end serves also their ends and arrives at a<br \/>\ncatholic utility. Man in fact does not live for knowledge alone; life in its<br \/>\nwidest sense is his principal preoccupation and he seeks knowledge for its<br \/>\nutility to life much more than for the pure pleasure of acquiring knowledge.<br \/>\nBut it is precisely in this putting of knowledge at the service of life that<br \/>\nthe human intellect falls into that confusion and imperfection which pursues<br \/>\nall human action. So long as we pursue knowledge for its own sake, there is<br \/>\nnothing to be said: the reason is performing its natural function; it is<br \/>\nexercising securely its highest right. In the work of the philosopher, the<br \/>\nscientist, the savant labouring to add something to the stock of our<br \/>\nascertainable knowledge, there is as perfect a purity and satisfaction as in<br \/>\nthat of the poet and artist creating forms of beauty for the aesthetic delight<br \/>\nof the race. Whatever individual error and limitation there may be, does not<br \/>\nmatter; for the collective and progressive knowledge of the race has gained the<br \/>\ntruth that has been discovered and may be trusted in time to get rid of the <i>error.<br \/>\n<\/i>It is when it tries to apply ideas to life that the human intellect<br \/>\nstumbles and finds itself at fault. <\/font> <\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font> <\/span><font size=\"3\">Ordinarily, this is because in<br \/>\nconcerning itself with action <\/font> <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">Page-110<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">the intelligence of man becomes at once partial and passionate and makes<br \/>\nitself the servant of something other than the pure truth. But even if the<br \/>\nintellect keeps itself as impartial and disinterested as possible,<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <font size=\"3\">&#8211;<\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">and altogether impartial,<br \/>\naltogether<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\"> disinterested<br \/>\nthe human intellect cannot be unless it is content to arrive at an entire<br \/>\ndivorce from practice or a sort of large but ineffective <span class=\"SpellE\">tolerantism<\/span>,<br \/>\neclecticism or sceptical curiosity, &#8211; still the truths it discovers or the<br \/>\nideas it promulgates become, the moment they are applied to life, the plaything<br \/>\nof forces over which the reason has little control. Science pursuing its cold<br \/>\nand even way has made discoveries which have served on one side a practical<br \/>\nhumanitarianism, on the other supplied monstrous weapons to egoism and mutual<br \/>\ndestruction; it has made possible a gigantic efficiency of organisation which<br \/>\nhas been used on one side for the economic and social amelioration of the<br \/>\nnations and on the other for turning each into a colossal battering- ram of<br \/>\naggression, ruin and slaughter. It has given rise on the one side to a large<br \/>\nrationalistic and altruistic humanitarianism, on the other it has justified a<br \/>\ngodless egoism, <span class=\"SpellE\">vitalism<\/span>, vulgar will to power and<br \/>\nsuccess. It has drawn mankind together and given it a new hope and at the same<br \/>\ntime crushed it with the burden of a monstrous commercialism. Nor is this due,<br \/>\nas is so often asserted, to its divorce from religion or to any lack of<br \/>\nidealism. Idealistic philosophy has been equally at the service of the powers<br \/>\nof good and evil and provided an intellectual conviction both for reaction and<br \/>\nfor progress. Organised religion itself has often enough in the past hounded<br \/>\nmen to crime and massacre and justified obscurantism and oppression.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">The truth is that upon which we<br \/>\nare now insisting, that reason is in its nature an imperfect light with a large<br \/>\nbut still restricted mission and that once it applies itself to life and action<br \/>\nit becomes subject to what it studies and the servant and counsellor of the<br \/>\nforces in whose obscure and ill-understood struggle it intervenes. It can in<br \/>\nits nature be used and has always been used to justify any idea, theory of<br \/>\nlife, system of society or government, ideal of individual or collective action<br \/>\nto which the will of man attaches itself for the moment or through the<br \/>\ncenturies In philosophy it gives equally good<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">Page-111<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">reason monism and pluralism or for any halting-place between them, for<br \/>\nthe belief in Being or for the belief in Becoming, for optimism and pessimism,<br \/>\nfor activism and quietism. It can justify the most mystic <span class=\"SpellE\">religionism<\/span><br \/>\nand the most positive atheism, get rid of God or see nothing else. In<br \/>\naesthetics it supplies the basis equally for classicism and romanticism, for an<br \/>\nidealistic, religious or mystic theory of art or for the most earthy realism.<br \/>\nIt can with equal power base austerely a strict and narrow <span class=\"SpellE\">moralism<\/span><br \/>\nor prove triumphantly the thesis of the antinomian. It has been the sufficient<br \/>\nand convincing prophet of every kind of autocracy or oligarchy and of every<br \/>\nspecies of democracy; it supplies excellent and satisfying reasons for<br \/>\ncompetitive individualism and equally excellent and satisfying reasons for<br \/>\ncommunism or against communism and for State socialism or for one variety of<br \/>\nsocialism against another. It can place itself with equal effectivity at the<br \/>\nservice of utilitarianism, <span class=\"SpellE\">economism<\/span>, hedonism,<br \/>\naestheticism, <span class=\"SpellE\">sensualism<\/span>, <span class=\"SpellE\">ethicism<\/span>,<br \/>\nideal- ism or any other essential need or activity of man and build around it a<br \/>\nphilosophy, a political and social system, a theory of conduct and life. Ask it<br \/>\nnot to lean to one idea alone, but to make an eclectic combination or a<br \/>\nsynthetic harmony and it will satisfy you; only, there being any number of<br \/>\npossible combinations or harmonies, it will equally well justify the one or the<br \/>\nother and set up or throw down anyone of them according as the spirit in man is<br \/>\nattracted to or withdraws from it. For it is really that which decides and the<br \/>\nreason is only a brilliant servant and minister of this veiled and secret<br \/>\nsovereign.<\/font><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<br \/>\n<\/font> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font> <\/span><font size=\"3\">This truth is hidden from the<br \/>\nrationalist because he is supported by two constant articles of faith, first<br \/>\nthat his own reason is right and the reason of others who differ from him is<br \/>\nwrong, and secondly that whatever may be the present deficiencies of the human<br \/>\nintellect, the collective human reason will eventually arrive at purity and be<br \/>\nable to found human thought and life securely on a clear rational basis<br \/>\nentirely satisfying to the intelligence. His first article of faith is no doubt<br \/>\nthe common expression of our egoism and arrogant fallibility, but it is also<br \/>\nsomething more; it expresses this truth that it is the legitimate function of<br \/>\nthe reason to justify to man his action and his hope and the<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">Page-112<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style='font-size:13.0pt'><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">faith that is in him and to<br \/>\ngive him that idea and knowledge, <\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">however<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\"> <\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">restricted,<br \/>\nand that dynamic conviction, however nar<\/font><\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">row<br \/>\nand intolerant, which he needs in order that he may live, act and grow in the<br \/>\nhighest light available to him. The reason cannot grasp all truth in its<br \/>\nembrace because truth is too infinite for it; but still it does grasp the<br \/>\nsomething of it which we immediately need, and its insufficiency does not<br \/>\ndetract from the value of its work, but is rather the measure of its value. For<br \/>\nman is not intended to grasp the whole truth of his being at once, but to move<br \/>\ntowards it through a succession of experiences and a constant, though not by<br \/>\nany means perfectly continuous self-enlargement. The first business of reason<br \/>\nthen is to justify and enlighten to him his various experiences and to give him<br \/>\nfaith and conviction in holding on to his self-<span class=\"SpellE\">enlargings<\/span>.<br \/>\nIt justifies to him now this, now that, the experiences of the moment, the<br \/>\nreceding light of the past, the half-seen vision of the future. Its<br \/>\ninconstancy, its divisibility against itself, its power of sustaining opposite<br \/>\nviews are the whole secret of its value. It would not do indeed for it to<br \/>\nsupport too conflicting views in the same individual, except at moments of<br \/>\nawakening and transition, but in the collective body of men and in the<br \/>\nsuccessions of Time that is its whole business. For so man moves towards the<br \/>\ninfinity of the Truth by the experience of its variety; so his reason helps him<br \/>\nto build, change, destroy what he has built and prepare a new construction, in<br \/>\na word, to progress, grow, enlarge himself in his self-knowledge and<br \/>\nworld-knowledge and their works.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;text-indent:25px'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font> <\/span><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">The<span>\u00a0 <\/span>second article of faith of the believer in<br \/>\nreason is also an error and yet contains a truth. The reason cannot arrive at<br \/>\nany final truth because it can neither get to the root of things nor embrace<br \/>\nthe totality of their secrets; it deals with the finite, the separate, the<br \/>\nlimited aggregate, and has no measure for the all and the infinite. Nor can<br \/>\nreason found a perfect life for man or a perfect society. A purely rational<br \/>\nhuman life would be a life baulked and deprived of its most powerful dynamic<br \/>\nsources; it would be a substitution of the minister for the sovereign. A purely<br \/>\nrational society could not come into being and, if it could be born, either<br \/>\ncould not live or would sterilise and petrify human existence. The root powers<br \/>\nof human life, its intimate causes<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><font size=\"3\">\u00a0<\/font><\/span><font size=\"3\">Page-113<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\">\n<\/div>\n<p style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">are below, irrational, and they are above, suprarational. But this is<br \/>\ntrue that by constant enlargement, purification, openness the reason of man is<br \/>\nbound to arrive at an intelligent sense even of that which is hidden from it, a<br \/>\npower of passive yet sympathetic reflection of the Light that surpasses it. Its<br \/>\nlimit is reached, its function is finished when it can say to man, &quot;There<br \/>\nis a Soul, a Self, a God in the world and in man who works concealed and all is<br \/>\nhis self-concealing and gradual self-unfolding. His minister I have been,<br \/>\nslowly to unseal your eyes, remove the thick integuments of your vision until<br \/>\nthere is only my own luminous veil between you and him. Remove that and make<br \/>\nthe soul of man one in fact and nature with this Divine; then you will know<br \/>\nyourself, discover the highest and widest law of your being, become the<br \/>\npossessors or at least the receivers and instruments of a higher will and<br \/>\nknowledge than mine and lay hold at last on the true secret and the whole sense<br \/>\nof a human and yet divine living.&quot;<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span lang=\"EN-GB\"><font size=\"3\">Page-114<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CHAPTER\u00a0 XII &nbsp; The Office and Limitations of the Reason &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IF THE reason is not the sovereign master of our being nor even&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15-social-and-political-thought-volume-15","wpcat-25-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1138"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1138\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}