{"id":1414,"date":"2013-07-13T01:34:39","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=1414"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:34:39","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:34:39","slug":"14-the-significance-of-sacrifice-vol-13-essays-on-the-gita-volume-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/01-sabcl\/13-essays-on-the-gita-volume-13\/14-the-significance-of-sacrifice-vol-13-essays-on-the-gita-volume-13","title":{"rendered":"-14_The Significance of Sacrifice.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"Section1\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<b><br \/>\n<span><font size=\"3\">T<\/font><\/span><font size=\"3\"><span>WELVE<\/span><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<font size=\"4\">&nbsp;<\/font><span><b><font size=\"4\">The Significance of Sacrifice<\/font><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:1.5in;line-height:150%'>\n<font size=\"4\">&nbsp;<br \/>\n<\/font>\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:1.5in;line-height:150%'>\n<b><span><font size=\"4\">T<\/font><\/span><\/b><font size=\"2\">HE GITA&#8217;S<\/font> theory of sacrifice is stated in two separate<br \/>\npassages; one we find in the third chapter, another in the fourth; the first<br \/>\ngives it in language which might, taken by itself, seem to be speaking only of<br \/>\nthe ceremonial sacrifice; the second interpreting that into the sense of a<br \/>\nlarge philosophical symbolism, transforms at once its whole significance and<br \/>\nraises it to a plane of high psychological and spiritual truth. \u201cWith sacrifice<br \/>\nthe Lord of creatures of old created creatures and said, By this shall you<br \/>\nbring forth (fruits or offspring), let this be your milker of desires. Foster<br \/>\nby this the gods and let the gods foster you; fostering each other, you shall<br \/>\nattain to the supreme good. Fostered by sacrifice the gods shall give you<br \/>\ndesired enjoyments; who enjoys their given enjoyments and has not given to<br \/>\nthem, he is a thief. The good who eat what is left from the sacrifice, are<br \/>\nreleased from all sin; but evil are they and enjoy sin who cook (the food) for<br \/>\ntheir own sake. From food creatures come into being, from rain is the birth of<br \/>\nfood, from sacrifice comes into being the rain, sacrifice is born of work; work<br \/>\nknow to be born of Brahman, Brahman is born of the Immutable; therefore is the<br \/>\nall-pervading Brahman established in the sacrifice. He who follows not here the<br \/>\nwheel thus set in movement, evil is his being, sensual is his delight, in vain,<br \/>\nO Partha, that man lives.\u201d Having thus stated the necessity of sacrifice, \u2013 we<br \/>\nshall see hereafter in what sense we may understand a passage which seems at<br \/>\nfirst sight to convey only a traditional theory of ritualism and the necessity<br \/>\nof the ceremonial offering, \u2013 Krishna proceeds to state the superiority of the<br \/>\nspiritual man to works. \u201cBut the man whose delight is in the Self and who is<br \/>\nsatisfied with the enjoyment of the Self and in the Self he is content, for him<br \/>\nthere exists no work that needs to be done. He has no object here to be gained<br \/>\nby action done and none to be gained by action undone;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Page 107<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#3366FF'><\/p>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\">\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>he has no dependence on all these<br \/>\nexistences for any object to be gained.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'>Here then are<br \/>\nthe two ideals, Vedist and Vedantist, standing as if in all their sharp<br \/>\noriginal separation and opposition, on one side the active ideal of acquiring<br \/>\nenjoyments here and the highest good beyond by sacrifice and the mutual<br \/>\ndependence of the human being and the divine powers and on the other, facing<br \/>\nit, the austerer ideal of the liberated man who, independent in the Spirit, has<br \/>\nnothing to do with enjoyment or works or the human or the divine worlds, but<br \/>\nexists only in the peace of the supreme Self, joys only in the calm joy of the<br \/>\nBrahman. The next verses create a ground for the reconciliation between the two<br \/>\nextremes; the secret is not inaction as soon as one turns towards the higher<br \/>\ntruth, but desireless action both before and after it is reached. The liberated<br \/>\nman has nothing to gain by action, but nothing also to gain by inaction, and it<br \/>\nis not at all for any personal object that he has to make his choice.<br \/>\n\u201cTherefore without attachment perform ever the work that is to be done (done<br \/>\nfor the sake of the world, <i>lokasamgraha<\/i>,<br \/>\nas is made clear immediately afterward); for by doing work without attachment<br \/>\nman attains to the highest. For it was even by works that Janaka and the rest<br \/>\nattained to perfection.\u201d It is true that works and sacrifice are a means of<br \/>\narriving at the highest good, <i>&#347;reyah&#61481;<br \/>\nparam av&#257;psyatha;<\/i> but there are three kinds of works, that done<br \/>\nwithout sacrifice for personal enjoyment which is entirely selfish and egoistic<br \/>\nand misses the true law and aim and utility of life,<i> mogham p&#257;rtha sa j&#299;vati<\/i>, that done with desire, but with<br \/>\nsacrifice and the enjoyment only as a result of sacrifice and therefore to that<br \/>\nextent consecrated and sanctified, and that done without desire or attachment<br \/>\nof any kind. It is the last which brings the soul of man to the highest, <i>param &#257;pnoti p&#363;rus&#61481;ah&#61481;<\/i>.\n<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'>The whole sense<br \/>\nand drift of this teaching turns upon the interpretation we are to give to the<br \/>\nimportant words, <i>yaj\u00f1a<\/i>, <i>karma, brahma<\/i>, sacrifice, work, Brahman.<br \/>\nIf the sacrifice is simply the Vedic sacrifice, if the work from which it is<br \/>\nborn is the Vedic rule of works and if the <i>brahman<\/i><br \/>\nfrom which the work itself is born is the <i>&#347;abda-brahman<\/i><br \/>\nin the sense only of the letter of the Veda, then all the positions of the<br \/>\nVedist dogma are&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Page 108<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#3366FF'><\/p>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\">\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;conceded and there is nothing<br \/>\nmore. Ceremonial sacrifice is the right means of gaining children, wealth,<br \/>\nenjoyment; by ceremonial sacrifice rain is brought down from heaven and the prosperity<br \/>\nand continuity of the race assured; life is a continual transaction between the<br \/>\ngods and men in which man offers ceremonial gifts to the gods from the gifts<br \/>\nthey have bestowed on him and in return is enriched, protected, fostered. Therefore<br \/>\nall human works have to be accompanied and turned into a sacrament by<br \/>\nceremonial sacrifice and ritualistic worship; work not so dedicated is<br \/>\naccursed, enjoyment without previous ceremonial sacrifice and ritual<br \/>\nconsecration is a sin. Even salvation, even the highest good is to be gained by<br \/>\nceremonial sacrifice. It must never be abandoned. Even the seeker of liberation<br \/>\nhas to continue to do ceremonial sacrifice, although without attachment; it is<br \/>\nby ceremonial sacrifice and ritualistic works done without attachment that men<br \/>\nof the type of Janaka attained to spiritual perfection and liberation. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'>Obviously, this<br \/>\ncannot be the meaning of the Gita, for it would be in contradiction with all<br \/>\nthe rest of the book. Even in the passage itself, without the illumining<br \/>\ninterpretation afterwards given to it in the fourth chapter, we have already an<br \/>\nindication of a wider sense where it is said that sacrifice is born from work,<br \/>\nwork from <i>brahman<\/i>, <i>brahman<\/i> from the Akshara, and therefore<br \/>\nthe all-pervading Brahman, <i>sarvagatam<br \/>\nbrahma<\/i>, is established in the sacrifice. The connecting logic of the<br \/>\n\u201ctherefore\u201d and the repetition of the word <i>brahma<\/i><br \/>\nare significant; for it shows clearly that the <i>brahman<\/i> from which all work is born has to be understood with an<br \/>\neye not so much to the current Vedic teaching in which it means the Veda as to<br \/>\na symbolical sense in which the creative Word is identical with the<br \/>\nall-pervading Brahman, the Eternal, the one Self present in all existences, <i>sarvabh&#363;tes&#61481;u<\/i>, and present<br \/>\nin all the workings of existence. The Veda is the knowledge of the Divine, the<br \/>\nEternal, \u2013 \u201cI am He who is to be known in all the books of the Knowledge,\u201d <i>vedai&#347;ca vedyah&#61481;<\/i>, Krishna<br \/>\nwill say in a subsequent chapter; but it is the knowledge of him in the<br \/>\nworkings of Prakriti, in the workings of the three Gunas, first qualities or<br \/>\nmodes of Nature, <i>traigun&#61481;yavis&#61481;ay&#257;<br \/>\nved&#257;h<\/i>&#61481;. This Brahman or Divine in the workings of Nature is<br \/>\nborn, as we may say,&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Page 109<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#3366FF'><\/p>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\">\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;out of the Akshara, the immutable<br \/>\nPurusha, the Self who stands above all the modes or qualities or workings of<br \/>\nNature, <i>nistraigun&#61481;ya<\/i>. The<br \/>\nBrahman is one but self-displayed in two aspects, the immutable Being and the creator<br \/>\nand originator of works in the mutable becoming, <i>&#257;tman<\/i>, <i>sarvabh&#363;t&#257;ni<\/i>;<br \/>\nit is the immobile omnipresent Soul of things and it is the spiritual principle<br \/>\nof the mobile working of things, Purusha poised in himself and Purusha active<br \/>\nin Prakriti; it is <i>aks&#61481;ara <\/i>and<br \/>\n<i>ks&#61481;ara<\/i>. In both of these<br \/>\naspects the Divine Being, Purushottama, manifests himself in the universe; the immutable<br \/>\nabove all qualities is His poise of peace, self-possession, equality, <i>samam brahma<\/i>; from that proceeds His manifestation<br \/>\nin the qualities of Prakriti and their universal workings; from the Purusha in<br \/>\nPrakriti, from this Brahman with qualities, proceed all the works<span style='font-family:\"Lucida Console\"'>\u00b9 <\/span>of the universal energy, Karma,<br \/>\nin man and in all existences; from that work proceeds the principle of<br \/>\nsacrifice. Even the material interchange between gods and men proceeds upon<br \/>\nthis principle, as typified in the dependence of rain and its product food on<br \/>\nthis working and on them the physical birth of creatures. For all the working<br \/>\nof Prakriti is in its true nature a sacrifice, <i>yaj\u00f1a<\/i>, with the Divine Being as the enjoyer of all energisms and works<br \/>\nand sacrifice and the great Lord of all existences, <i>bhokt&#257;ram yaj\u00f1atapas&#257;m sarvabh&#363;tamahe&#347;varam,<\/i><br \/>\nand to know this Divine all-pervading and established in sacrifice, <i>sarvagatam yaj\u00f1e pratis&#61481;t&#61481;hitam<\/i>,<br \/>\nis the true, the Vedic knowledge.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'>But he may be<br \/>\nknown in an inferior action through the devas, the gods, the powers of the<br \/>\ndivine Soul in Nature and in the eternal interaction of these powers and the<br \/>\nsoul of man, mutually giving and receiving, mutually helping, increasing,<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Lucida Console\"'>\u00b9<\/span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>That this is the right interpretation results also<br \/>\nfrom the opening of the eighth chapter where the universal principles are<br \/>\nenumerated, <i>aks&#61481;ara (brahma),<br \/>\nsvabh&#257;va, karma, ks&#61481;ara bh&#257;va<\/i>, <i>purus&#61481;a, adhiyaj\u00f1a<\/i>. Akshara is the immutable Brahman, spirit<br \/>\nor self, Atman; Swabhava is the principle of the self, <i>adhy&#257;tma<\/i>, operative as the original nature of the being, \u201cown<br \/>\nway of becoming\u201d, and this proceeds out of the self, the Akshara; Karma<br \/>\nproceeds from that and is the creative movement, <i>visarga<\/i>, which brings all natural beings and all changing<br \/>\nsubjective and objective shapes of being into existence; the result of Karma<br \/>\ntherefore is all this mutable becoming, the changes of nature developed out of<br \/>\nthe original self-nature, <i>ks&#61481;ara<br \/>\nbh&#257;va<\/i> out of <i>svabh&#257;va<\/i>;<br \/>\nPurusha is the soul, the divine element in the becoming, <i>adhidaivata<\/i>, by whose presence the workings of Karma become a<br \/>\nsacrifice, <i>yaj\u00f1a<\/i>, to the Divine<br \/>\nwithin; <i>adhiyaj\u00f1a<\/i> is this secret<br \/>\nDivine who receives the sacrifice.<\/span><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Page 110<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#3366FF'><\/p>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\">\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;raising each other&#8217;s workings and<br \/>\nsatisfaction, a commerce in which man rises towards a growing fitness for the<br \/>\nsupreme good. He recognises that his life is a part of this divine action in<br \/>\nNature and not a thing separate and to be held and pursued for its own sake. He<br \/>\nregards his enjoyments and the satisfaction of his desires as the fruit of<br \/>\nsacrifice and the gift of the gods in their divine universal workings and he<br \/>\nceases to pursue them in the false and evil spirit of sinful egoistic<br \/>\nselfishness as if they were a good to be seized from life by his own unaided<br \/>\nstrength without return and without thankfulness. As this spirit increases in<br \/>\nhim, he subordinates his desires, becomes satisfied with sacrifice as the law<br \/>\nof life and works and is content with whatever remains over from the sacrifice,<br \/>\ngiving up all the rest freely as an offering in the great and beneficent interchange<br \/>\nbetween his life and the world-life. Whoever goes contrary to this law of<br \/>\naction and pursues works and enjoyment for his own isolated personal<br \/>\nself-interest, lives in vain; he misses the true meaning and aim and utility of<br \/>\nliving and the upward growth of the soul; he is not on the path which leads to<br \/>\nthe highest good. But the highest only comes when the sacrifice is no longer to<br \/>\nthe gods, but to the one all-pervading Divine established in the sacrifice, of<br \/>\nwhom the gods are inferior forms and powers, and when he puts away the lower<br \/>\nself that desires and enjoys and gives up his personal sense of being the<br \/>\nworker to the true executrix of all works, Prakriti, and his personal sense of<br \/>\nbeing the enjoyer to the Divine Purusha, the higher and universal Self who is<br \/>\nthe real enjoyer of the works of Prakriti. In that Self and not in any personal<br \/>\nenjoyment he finds now his sole satisfaction, complete content, pure delight;<br \/>\nhe has nothing to gain by action or inaction, depends neither on gods nor men<br \/>\nfor anything, seeks no profit from any, for the self-delight is all-sufficient<br \/>\nto him, but does works for the sake of the Divine only, as a pure sacrifice,<br \/>\nwithout attachment or desire. Thus he gains equality and becomes free from the<br \/>\nmodes of Nature, <i>nistraigun&#61481;ya<\/i>;<br \/>\nhis soul takes its poise not in the insecurity of Prakriti, but in the peace of<br \/>\nthe immutable Brahman, even while his actions continue in the movement of<br \/>\nPrakriti. Thus is sacrifice his way of attaining to the Highest. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'>That this is the<br \/>\nsense of the passage is made clear in what&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Page 111<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#3366FF'><\/p>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\">\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;follows, by the affirmation of <i>lokasamgraha<\/i> as the object of works, of<br \/>\nPrakriti as the sole doer of works and the divine Purusha as their equal<br \/>\nupholder, to whom works have to be given up even in their doing, \u2013 this inner<br \/>\ngiving up of works and yet physical doing of them is the culmination of<br \/>\nsacrifice, \u2013 and by the affirmation that the result of such active sacrifice<br \/>\nwith an equal and desireless mind is liberation from the bondage of works. \u201cHe<br \/>\nwho is satisfied with whatever gain comes to him and equal in failure and<br \/>\nsuccess, is not bound even when he acts. When a man liberated, free from<br \/>\nattachment, acts for sacrifice, all his action is dissolved,\u201d leaves, that is<br \/>\nto say, no result of bondage or after-impression on his free, pure, perfect and<br \/>\nequal soul. To these passages we shall have to return. They are followed by a<br \/>\nperfectly explicit and detailed interpretation of the meaning of <i>yaj\u00f1a<\/i> in the language of the Gita which<br \/>\nleaves no doubt at all about the symbolic use of the words and the<br \/>\npsychological character of the sacrifice enjoined by this teaching. In the<br \/>\nancient Vedic system there was always a double sense physical and<br \/>\npsychological, outward and symbolic, the exterior form of the sacrifice and the<br \/>\ninner meaning of all its circumstances. But the secret symbolism of the ancient<br \/>\nVedic mystics, exact, curious, poetic, psychological, had been long forgotten<br \/>\nby this time and it is now replaced by another, large, general and<br \/>\nphilosophical in the spirit of Vedanta and a later Yoga. The fire of sacrifice,<br \/>\nagni, is no material flame, but <i>brahm&#257;gni<\/i>,<br \/>\nthe fire of the Brahman, or it is the Brahman-ward energy, inner Agni, priest<br \/>\nof the sacrifice, into which the offering is poured; the fire is self-control<br \/>\nor it is a purified sense-action or it is the vital energy in that discipline<br \/>\nof the control of the vital being through the control of the breath which is<br \/>\ncommon to Rajayoga and Hathayoga, or it is the fire of self-knowledge, the<br \/>\nflame of the supreme sacrifice. The food eaten as the leavings of the sacrifice<br \/>\nis, it is explained, the nectar of immortality, <i>amr&#61481;ta<\/i>, left over from the offering; and here we have still<br \/>\nsomething of the old Vedic symbolism in which the Soma-wine was the physical<br \/>\nsymbol of the <i>amr&#61481;ta<\/i>, the<br \/>\nimmortalising delight of the divine ecstasy won by the sacrifice, offered to<br \/>\nthe gods and drunk by men. The offering itself is whatever working of his<br \/>\nenergy, physical or psychological,<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Page 112<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#3366FF'><\/p>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\">\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;is consecrated by him in action<br \/>\nof body or action of mind to the gods or God, to the Self or to the universal<br \/>\npowers, to one&#8217;s own higher Self or to the Self in mankind and in all<br \/>\nexistences. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'>This elaborate<br \/>\nexplanation of the Yajna sets out with a vast and comprehensive definition in<br \/>\nwhich it is declared that the act and energy and materials of the sacrifice,<br \/>\nthe giver and receiver of the sacrifice, the goal and object of the sacrifice<br \/>\nare all the one Brahman. \u201cBrahman is the giving, Brahman is the food-offering,<br \/>\nby Brahman it is offered into the Brahman-fire, Brahman is that which is to be<br \/>\nattained by samadhi in Brahman-action.\u201d This then is the knowledge in which the<br \/>\nliberated man has to do works of sacrifice. It is the knowledge declared of old<br \/>\nin the great Vedantic utterances, \u201cI am He\u201d, \u201cAll this verily is the Brahman,<br \/>\nBrahman is this Self.\u201d It is the knowledge of the entire unity; it is the One<br \/>\nmanifest as the doer and the deed and the object of works, knower and knowledge<br \/>\nand the object of knowledge. The universal energy into which the action is<br \/>\npoured is the Divine; the consecrated energy of the giving is the Divine;<br \/>\nwhatever is offered is only some form of the Divine; the giver of the offering<br \/>\nis the Divine himself in man; the action, the work, the sacrifice is itself the<br \/>\nDivine in movement, in activity; the goal to be reached by sacrifice is the<br \/>\nDivine. For the man who has this knowledge and lives and acts in it, there can<br \/>\nbe no binding works, no personal and egoistically appropriated action; there is<br \/>\nonly the divine Purusha acting by the divine Prakriti in His own being,<br \/>\noffering everything into the fire of His self-conscious cosmic energy, while the<br \/>\nknowledge and the possession of His divine existence and consciousness by the<br \/>\nsoul unified with Him is the goal of all this God-directed movement and<br \/>\nactivity. To know that and to live and act in this unifying consciousness is to<br \/>\nbe free. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'>But all even of<br \/>\nthe Yogins have not attained to this knowledge. \u201cSome Yogins follow after the<br \/>\nsacrifice which is of the gods; others offer the sacrifice by the sacrifice<br \/>\nitself into the Brahman-fire.\u201d The former conceive of the Divine in various<br \/>\nforms and powers and seek him by various means, ordinances, Dharmas, laws or,<br \/>\nas we might say, settled rites of action, self-discipline, consecrated works;<br \/>\nfor the latter, those who already&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Page 113<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#3366FF'><\/p>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\">\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;know, the simple fact of<br \/>\nsacrifice, of offering whatever work to the Divine itself, of casting all their<br \/>\nactivities into the unified divine consciousness and energy, is their one<br \/>\nmeans, their one <i>dharma<\/i>. The means of<br \/>\nsacrifice are various; the offerings are of many kinds. There is the<br \/>\npsychological sacrifice of self-control and self-discipline which leads to the<br \/>\nhigher self-possession and self-knowledge. \u201cSome offer their senses into the<br \/>\nfires of control, others offer the objects of sense into the fires of sense,<br \/>\nand others offer all the actions of the sense and all the actions of the vital<br \/>\nforce into the fire of the Yoga of self-control kindled by knowledge.\u201d There<br \/>\nis, that is to say, the discipline which receives the objects of<br \/>\nsense-perception without allowing the mind to be disturbed or affected by its sense-activities,<br \/>\nthe senses themselves becoming pure fires of sacrifice; there is the discipline<br \/>\nwhich stills the senses so that the soul in its purity may appear from behind<br \/>\nthe veil of mind-action, calm and still; there is the discipline by which, when<br \/>\nthe self is known, all the actions of the sense-perceptions and all the action<br \/>\nof the vital being are received into that one still and tranquil soul. The<br \/>\noffering of the striver after perfection may be material and physical, <i>dravyayaj\u00f1a<\/i>, like that consecrated in<br \/>\nworship by the devotee to his deity, or it may be the austerity of his<br \/>\nself-discipline and energy of his soul directed to some high aim, <i>tapoyaj\u00f1a<\/i>, or it may be some form of<br \/>\nYoga like the Pranayama of the Rajayogins and Hathayogins, or any other <i>yogayaj\u00f1a<\/i>. All these tend to the<br \/>\npurification of the being; all sacrifice is a way towards the attainment of the<br \/>\nhighest.<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'>The one thing<br \/>\nneedful, the saving principle constant in all these variations, is to<br \/>\nsubordinate the lower activities, to diminish the control of desire and replace<br \/>\nit by a superior energy, to abandon the purely egoistic enjoyment for that<br \/>\ndiviner delight which comes by sacrifice, by self-dedication, by self-mastery,<br \/>\nby the giving up of one&#8217;s lower impulses to a greater and higher aim. \u201cThey who<br \/>\nenjoy the nectar of immortality left over from the sacrifice attain to the<br \/>\neternal Brahman.\u201d Sacrifice is the law of the world and nothing can be gained<br \/>\nwithout it, neither mastery here, nor the possession of heavens beyond, nor the<br \/>\nsupreme possession of all; \u201cthis world is not for him who doeth not sacrifice,<br \/>\nhow then any other world?\u201d Therefore all these and many<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Page 114<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#3366FF'><\/p>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\">\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;other forms of sacrifice have<br \/>\nbeen \u201cextended in the mouth of the Brahman,\u201d the mouth of that Fire which receives<br \/>\nall offerings; they are all means and forms of the one great Existence in<br \/>\nactivity, means by which the action of the human being can be offered up to<br \/>\nThat of which his outward existence is a part and with which his inmost self is<br \/>\none. They are \u201call born of work\u201d; all proceed from and are ordained by the one<br \/>\nvast energy of the Divine which manifests itself in the universal <i>karma<\/i> and makes all the cosmic activity<br \/>\na progressive offering to the one Self and Lord and of which the last stage for<br \/>\nthe human being is self-knowledge and the possession of the divine or Brahmic<br \/>\nconsciousness. \u201cSo knowing thou shalt become free.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'>But there are<br \/>\ngradations in the range of these various forms of sacrifice, the physical<br \/>\noffering the lowest, the sacrifice of knowledge the highest. Knowledge is that<br \/>\nin which all this action culminates, not any lower knowledge, but the highest, self-knowledge<br \/>\nand God-knowledge, that which we can learn from those who know the true<br \/>\nprinciples of existence, that by possessing which we shall not fall again into<br \/>\nthe bewilderment of the mind&#8217;s ignorance and into its bondage to mere sense-knowledge<br \/>\nand to the inferior activity of the desires and passions. The knowledge in<br \/>\nwhich all culminates is that by which \u201cthou shalt see all existences<br \/>\n(becomings, <i>bh&#363;t&#257;ni<\/i>)<br \/>\nwithout exception in the Self, then in Me.\u201d For the Self is that one,<br \/>\nimmutable, all-pervading, all-containing, self-existent reality or Brahman<br \/>\nhidden behind our mental being into which our consciousness widens out when it<br \/>\nis liberated from the ego; we come to see all beings as becomings, <i>bh&#363;t&#257;ni<\/i>, within that one<br \/>\nself-existence. <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:.5in;line-height:150%'>But this Self or<br \/>\nimmutable Brahman we see too to be the self-presentation to our essential<br \/>\npsychological consciousness of a supreme Being who is the source of our<br \/>\nexistence and of whom all that is mutable or immutable is the manifestation. He<br \/>\nis God, the Divine, the Purushottama. To Him we offer everything as a<br \/>\nsacrifice; into His hands we give up our actions; in His existence we live and<br \/>\nmove; unified with Him in our nature and with all existence in Him, we become one<br \/>\nsoul and one power of being with Him and with all beings; with His supreme<br \/>\nreality we identify and unite our self-being. By works done&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Page 115<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#3366FF'><\/p>\n<hr size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\">\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;for sacrifice, eliminating<br \/>\ndesire, we arrive at knowledge and at the soul&#8217;s possession of itself; by works<br \/>\ndone in self-knowledge and God-knowledge we are liberated into the unity, peace<br \/>\nand joy of the divine existence.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:center;line-height:150%'>\n<span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Page 116<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TWELVE &nbsp;The Significance of Sacrifice &nbsp; THE GITA&#8217;S theory of sacrifice is stated in two separate passages; one we find in the third chapter, another&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13-essays-on-the-gita-volume-13","wpcat-31-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1414"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1414\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}