{"id":1854,"date":"2013-07-13T01:37:54","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=1854"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:37:54","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:37:54","slug":"69-the-guardians-of-the-light-contd-vol-15-the-secret-of-veda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/03-cwsa\/15-the-secret-of-veda\/69-the-guardians-of-the-light-contd-vol-15-the-secret-of-veda","title":{"rendered":"-69_The Guardians of the Light – Contd.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n\n
\n

\n

<\/p>\n

SAVITRI THE CREATOR
\n<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

The result of the procession of the shining dawns, of the divine returns of Surya, of the increasings of Pushan and his leading on
\nthe Path is summed up in the creation of Savitri the luminous Creator. It is the god Savitri who sets us there where the ancient
\ndoers of the Work have preceded us; that is the desirable flame and splendour of the divine Creator on which the seer has to
\nmeditate and towards which this god impels our thoughts, that the bliss of the creative godhead on the forms of which our
\nsoul must meditate as it journeys towards it. It is the supreme creation in which the goddess undivided and infinite speaks out
\nher Word and the all-ruling kings Varuna, Mitra and Aryaman; to that consummation the power of all these godheads turns
\nwith a united acceptance. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

That divine word is the word of the Truth; for a superconscient Truth lies concealed and is the basis of the infinite being which stands revealed on those higher altitudes of our ascension.
\nWhat we now accept as life is the evil dream, the death that governs us because we live in a false knowledge, a limited and
\ndivided existence exposed to every devourer. That is not real life. For life we have to be able to look long upon the Sun; for life we
\nhave to be able to hold in our thought a knowledge and a word full of the consummate perception; we have to bring forward the
\nTruth as an offering so that the luminous god with his golden hands full of the Light may rise high in our heavens and hear
\nour word. We must choose and take into ourselves that supreme and vast state of this Mighty One who has the thought of the
\nknowledge, he who creates for the gods the immortality and the highest enjoyment; we must widen out the cord of Savitri so that
\nit shall release us into higher states of life made accessible to men and harmonised with their being. To hold that felicity we have
\nto become free from sin and evil in the wideness and purity of Varuna, in the all-embracing harmony of Mitra, in the supreme
\ncreation of Savitri. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Then Savitri shall loose away from us, shall uncreate the
\nsuffering of the evil dream. For the seeker of the straightness  
\n490<\/i> <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 489<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nhe shall create an increasing wideness of his existence so that even with our incomplete knowledge we shall grow in our being
\ntowards the gods. By the godheads he will foster our knowledge and lead us towards that universal formation of them in the
\nundivided consciousness of the infinite Aditi which we have chosen as our goal. All that we have done in our ignorance, in
\nour divided and oppressed discernment of things, in our mere mortal becoming and humanity, against gods or men, he shall
\nuncreate and make us free from the sin. For he is the creator of the Right, he is the creator who creates the Truth.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nThat Truth he shall create in a great wideness and force of our physical being, in a rich abundance of our mental and by
\nits undiminishable vastness he shall uphold all the worlds of our existence. Thus in the working of Savitri whose creation is
\nthe Truth and of Mitra and Varuna the gods shall uphold in us its substance of varied light, the felicity of its energies and
\nilluminations till all existence is that godhead of Savitri behind us and before, below as well as above, till we possess the far
\nextended life and have built up the universal form of our being, —the universal form which he creates for us when with hands
\nof golden light, with the tongue that tastes the wine of sweetness he moves in the triple knowledge of the highest heaven of Truth,
\nattains in the gods to the divine rhythm which he creates for his accomplished Law and takes up his abode in that golden
\nstrength of his, the Seer robed in light who first stretched out his two arms of knowledge and power to create the world. He
\nwho as Twashtri the Fashioner of things attended always by the male godheads and their female energies, powers of Purusha
\nand powers of Prakriti, made and makes all things, shall as Savitri create for man the thinker born in a body that Truth and
\nImmortality.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nTHE FOUR KINGS
\n<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe creation of Surya Savitri starts from the repeated risings of the divine Dawn and grows by the constant nourishing of her
\nspiritual gifts and possessions through the work in us of Surya  
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 490<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nPushan. But the actual formation, the perfected fullness depend on the birth and growth in us of all the gods, the children of
\n \t\t\t Aditi, the All-Gods (Visve Devah<\/i>) and especially of the four great luminous Kings, Varuna, Mitra, Bhaga, Aryaman. Indra and the
\nMaruts and the Ribhus, Vayu, Agni, Soma and the Ashwins are indeed the principal agents; Vishnu, Rudra, Brahmanaspati, the
\nfuture mighty Triad, preside over the indispensable conditions, —for the one paces out the vast framework of the inner worlds
\nin which our soul-action takes place, the other in his wrath and might and violent beneficence forces onward the great evolution
\nand smites the opponent and the recusant and the ill-doer, and the third administers always the seed of the creative word from
\nthe profundities of the soul; so too Earth and Heaven and the divine Waters and the great goddesses and Twashtri the Fashioner of things on whom they attend, either provide the field or bring and shape the material; but over the utter creation, over its
\nperfect vast space and pure texture, over the sweet and ordered harmony of its steps, over the illumined force and power of
\nits fulfilment, over its rich, pure and abundant enjoyment and rapture the Sun-gods Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman, Bhaga cast the
\nglory and protection of their divine gaze. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n The sacred poems in which the All-Gods and the Adityas,
\nthe sons of the Infinite, and Aryaman, Mitra and Varuna are praised, —not the mere hymns of formal invocation to the sacrifice,
\n\t\t\t—are among the most beautiful, solemn and profound that the imagination of man has conceived. The Adityas are
\ndescribed in formulas of an incomparable grandeur and sublimity. No mythic barbarian gods of cloud, sun and shower
\nare these, no confused allegories of wonder-stricken savages, but the objects of worship to men far more inwardly civilised
\nand profound in self-knowledge than ourselves. They may not have yoked the lightning to their chariots, nor weighed sun and
\nstar, nor materialised all the destructive forces in Nature to aid them in massacre and domination, but they had measured and
\nfathomed all the heavens and earths within us, they had cast their plummet into the Inconscient and the subconscient and the
\nsuperconscient; they had read the riddle of death and found the   <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 491<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nsecret of immortality; they had sought for and discovered the One and known and worshipped Him in the glories of His light
\nand purity and wisdom and power. These were their gods, as great and deep conceptions as ever informed the esoteric doc
\ntrine of the Egyptians or inspired the men of an older primitive Greece, the fathers of knowledge who founded the mystic rites
\nof Orpheus or the secret initiation of Eleusis. But over it all there was the “Aryan light”, a confidence and joy and a happy, equal
\nfriendliness with the Gods which the Aryan brought with him into the world, free from the sombre shadows that fell upon
\nEgypt from contact with the older races, Sons of deep-brooding Earth. These claimed Heaven as their father and their seers had
\ndelivered his Sun out of our material darkness. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\nThe self-luminous One is the goal of the Aryan-minded;
\ntherefore the seers worshipped him in the image of the Sun. One existent, him have the seers called by various names, Indra, Agni,
\nYama, Matarishwan. The phrases “That One”, “That Truth”,2<\/font><\/sup> occur constantly in the Veda in connection with the Highest
\nand with the image of His workings here, the Sun. In one sublime and mystic chant the refrain returns perpetually, “The vast
\nmightiness of the Gods, —That One.” There is the goal of that journey of the Sun by the path of the Truth which we have
\nseen to be also the journey of the awakened and illumined soul. “Concealed by this truth is that Truth of you,” of Mitra and
\nVaruna, “where they unyoke the horses of the Sun. The ten hundreds meet there together,
\n\t\t\t—That One, I have seen the supreme
\nGod of the embodied gods.” But in itself the One is timeless and our mind and being exist in Time. “It is neither today nor
\ntomorrow; who knoweth That which is transcendent? When it is approached, it vanishes from us.” Therefore we have to grow
\ntowards it by giving birth to the gods in ourselves,3<\/font><\/sup> increasing their strong and radiant forms, building up their divine bodies,
\nand this new birth and self-building is the true nature of the
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\n2
\nTad ekam<\/i>, tat satyam <\/i>—phrases always carefully misinterpreted by the commentators.
\n<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n3  Devaviti<\/i>, devatati<\/i>.
\n  
\n<\/font>
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 492<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nsacrifice, —the sacrifice through which there is the awakening of our consciousness to immortality.4<\/font><\/sup>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n The sons of the Infinite have a twofold birth. They are born above in the divine Truth as creators of the worlds and guardians
\nof the divine Law; they are born also here in the world itself and in man as cosmic and human powers of the Divine. In the visible
\nworld they are the male and female powers and energies of the universe and it is this external aspect of them as gods of the Sun,
\nFire, Air, Waters, Earth, Ether, the conscious-forces ever present in material being which gives us the external or psycho-physical
\nside of the Aryan worship. The antique view of the world as a psycho-physical and not merely a material reality is at the root
\nof the ancient ideas about the efficacy of the mantra <\/i>and the relation of the gods to the external life of man; hence the force
\nof prayer, worship, sacrifice for material ends; hence the use of them for worldly life and in so-called magic rites which comes
\nout prominently in the Atharva Veda and is behind much of the symbolism of the Brahmanas.5<\/font><\/sup> But in man himself the gods
\nare conscious psychological powers. “Will-powers, they do the works of will; they are the thinkings in our hearts; they are the
\nlords of delight who take delight; they travel in all the directions of the thought.” Without them the soul of man cannot distinguish its right nor its left, what is in front of it nor what is behind, the things of foolishness or the things of wisdom; only if led by
\nthem can it reach and enjoy “the fearless Light”. For this reason Dawn is addressed “O thou who art human and divine” and
\nthe gods constantly described as the “Men” or human powers (manus<\/font>ah<\/font><\/i>,
\n\tnarah<\/i>); they are our “luminous seers”, “our heroes”, <\/p>\n

“our lords of plenitude”. They conduct the sacrifice in their human capacity (manusvat<\/i>) as well as receive it in their high
\n divine being. Agni is the priest of the oblation, Brihaspati the
\npriest of the word. In this sense Agni is said to be born from the heart of man; all the gods are thus born by the sacrifice,
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n  <\/p>\n

\n
\n 4 Amrtasya cetanam<\/i> <\/font> <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n 5
\nThis is the real secret of the external sense of Veda which is all that the modern scholars have seen and so imperfectly understood. Even the exoteric religion was much
\nmore than a mere Nature worship.   <\/font> <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 493<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\ngrow and out of their human action assume their divine bodies. Soma, the wine of the world-delight, rushing through the mind
\nwhich is its “luminous wide-extended” strainer of purification, cleansed there by the ten sisters, pours forth giving birth to the
\ngods.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nBut the nature of these inner powers is always divine and
\ntherefore their tendency is upward to Light and immortality and infinity. They are “the Sons of the Infinite, one in their will
\nand work, pure, purified in the streams, free from crookedness, free from defect, unhurt in their being. Wide, profound, unconquered, conquering, with many organs of vision, they behold within the crooked things and the perfect; all is near to the Kings,
\neven the things that are highest. Sons of the Infinite, they dwell in the movement of the world and uphold it; gods, they are the
\nguardians of all that becomes as universe; far-thoughted, full of the Truth, they guard the Might.” They are kings of the universe
\n and of man and of all its peoples (nrpati<\/i>, viś<\/font>pati<\/i>), self-emperors,
\n world-emperors, not as the Titans strive to be in the falsehood
\nand the division, but because they are kings of the Truth. For their mother is Aditi “in whom there is no duality”, Aditi “the
\nluminous undivided who upholds the divine habitation that is of the world of Light” and to her her sons “cleave ever waking”.
\nThey are “most straight” in their being, will, thought, delight, action, movement, they are “thinkers of the Truth whose law of
\nnature is the law of the Truth”, they are “seers and hearers of the Truth”. They are “charioteers of the Truth, whose seat is in
\nits mansions, purified in discernment, unconquerable, the Men wide-visioned”. They are the “Immortals who know the Truth”.
\nThus free from the falsehood and the crookedness, these inner divinities rise in us to their natural level, home, plane, world.
\n“Of a double birth they are true in their being and lay hold on the Truth, very vast and one in the Light and are possessed of
\nits luminous world.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nIn this upward movement they cleave away from us the
\nevil and the ignorance. These are they who “cross beyond into the sinlessness and the undivided existence”. Therefore they are
\n“the gods who deliver”. For the enemy, the assailant, the doer of   <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 494<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nharm their knowledge becomes as if snares wide-spread, for to him light is a cause of blindness, the divine movement of good
\nan occasion of evil and a stumbling-block; but the soul of the Aryan seer passes beyond these dangers like a mare hastening
\nwith a chariot. In the leading of the gods he avoids all stumblings into evil like so many pitfalls. Aditi, Mitra and Varuna forgive
\nhim whatever sin he may have committed against their vast oneness, purity, harmony so that he can hope to enjoy the wide
\nand fearless Light and the long nights shall not come upon him. That the Vedic gods are no mere physical Nature-powers, but
\nthe psychic conscious forces behind and within all cosmic things, is made clear enough by the connection between their cosmic
\ncharacter and this deliverance from sin and falsehood: “Since ye are they who rule over the world by the power of their mind of
\nknowledge, thinkers of all that is stable and mobile, therefore, O gods, carry us beyond the sin of that which we have done and
\nthat which we have not done to the felicity.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n There is always the image of the path and the journey, the
\nPath of the Truth on which we are led forward by a divine leading. “O Sons of the Infinite, effect for us the fearless peace,
\nmake us good paths of an easy going to the felicity.” “Easy of going is your path, O Aryaman, O Mitra, it is thornless, O
\nVaruna, and perfect.” “They whom the Sons of Infinity lead with good leadings pass beyond all sin and evil to the felicity.” Always
\nthat goal is the felicity, the wide bliss and peace, the unbroken Light, the vast Truth, the Immortality. “O ye gods, put far from
\nus the hostile (dividing) force, give us wide peace for the felicity.” “The Sons of Infinity give us the imperishable Light.” “Create
\nthe Light, O ye minds of knowledge of our sacrifice.” “That increasing birth of you we would know today, O sons of the
\nInfinite, which creates, O Aryaman, even in this world of fear the beatitude.” For it is the “fearless Light” that is created, where
\nthere is no peril of death, sin, suffering, ignorance, —the light of the undivided, infinite, immortal, rapturous Soul of things. For
\n“these are the rapturous lords of Immortality, even Aryaman and Mitra and Varuna all-pervading.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n Still, it is in the image of Swar, the world of the divine  
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 495<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nTruth that the goal is concretely figured. “Let us reach” is the aspiration “the Light that is of Swar, the Light which none
\ncan tear asunder.” Swar is the great, inviolable birth of Mitra, Varuna, Aryaman which is contained in the luminous heavens of
\nthe soul. The all-ruling Kings, because they grow perfectly and there is no crookedness in them, hold our habitation in heaven.
\nThat is the triple world in which the uplifted consciousness of man reflects the three divine principles of being, its infinite
\nexistence, its infinite conscious-force, its infinite bliss.6<\/font><\/sup> “Three earths they hold, three heavens, three workings of these gods in
\nthe Knowledge within; by the Truth, O Sons of Infinity, great is that vastness of yours, O Aryaman, O Mitra, O Varuna, great
\nand beautiful. Three heavenly worlds of light they hold, the gods golden-shining who are pure and purified in the streams;
\nsleepless, unconquerable they close not their lids, they express the wideness to the mortal who is straight.” These all-purifying
\nstreams are those of the rain, the abundance, the rivers of the heaven of Truth. “Charioted in light are they, aggressive in
\nknowledge, sinless and they clothe themselves in the rain and abundance of heaven for the felicity.” By the pouring out of that
\nabundance they prepare our souls to ascend to its source, the higher ocean from which the luminous waters descend.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nIt will be seen how largely the great triad, Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman figure in the hymns to the All-Gods and to the sons of
\nthe Infinite Mother. With Bhaga as a consummating fourth they dominate the thought of the Rishis in their culminant aspiration
\nto the mass and apex of the perfect truth and infinity. This pre-eminence they owe to their particular character and functions
\nwhich appear, not often indeed with any great prominence, but as a background to their common action, their united nature
\nof light, their undifferentiated achievement. For they have one light, one work, they perfect in us one indivisible Truth; and it
\nis this union of all the godheads in our consenting universality7<\/font><\/sup> that is the objective of the Vedic thought in these Aditya hymns.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\n6 Tridh<\/i><\/font>ā<\/font><\/i>tu.<\/i> <\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n7
\n Viśvadevyam   <\/i>
\n <\/font>
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 496<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nStill the union comes about by a combination of their powers and therefore each has in it his own proper nature and function.
\nThat of the Four is to build up the whole divine state into its perfection by the natural interaction of its four essential elements.
\nThe Divine is existence all-embracing, infinite and pure; Varuna brings to us the infinite oceanic space of the divine soul and its
\nethereal, elemental purity. The Divine is boundless consciousness, perfect in knowledge, pure and therefore luminously right
\nin its discernment of things, perfectly harmonious and happy in its concordance of their law and nature; Mitra brings us this light
\nand harmony, this right distinction and relation and friendly concord, the happy laws of the liberated soul concordant with
\nitself and the Truth in all its rich thought, shining actions and thousandfold enjoyment. The Divine is in its own being pure and
\nperfect power and in us the eternal upward tendency in things to their source and truth; Aryaman brings to us this mighty strength
\nand perfectly-guided happy inner upsurging. The Divine is the pure, the faultless, the all-embracing, the untroubled ecstasy that
\nenjoys its own infinite being and enjoys equally all that it creates within itself; Bhaga gives us sovereignly that ecstasy of the liberated soul, its free and unfallen possession of itself and the world.
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n This quaternary is practically the later essential trinity of
\nSachchidananda, —Existence, Consciousness, Bliss with self-awareness and self-force, Chit and Tapas, for double terms of
\nConsciousness; but it is here translated into its cosmic terms and equivalents. Varuna the King has his foundation in the
\nall-pervading purity of Sat; Mitra the Happy and the Mighty, most beloved of the Gods, in the all-uniting light of Chit; many
\ncharioted Aryaman in the movement and all-discerning force of Tapas; Bhaga in the all-embracing joy of Ananda. Yet as all these
\nthings form one in the realised godhead, as each element of the trinity contains the others in itself and none of them can exist
\nseparately from the rest, therefore each of the Four also possesses by force of his own essential quality every general attribute of his
\nbrothers. For this reason if we do not read the Veda as carefully as it was written, we shall miss its distinctions and see only the
\nindistinguishable common functions of these luminous Kings,   <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 497<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t—as indeed throughout the hymns the unity in difference of all the gods makes it difficult for the mind not accustomed to the
\nsubtleties of psychological truth to find in the Vedic divinities anything but a confused mass of common or interchangeable
\nattributes. But the distinctions are there and have as great a force and importance as in the Greek and Egyptian symbolism.
\nEach god contains in himself all the others, but remains still himself in his peculiar function.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tThis nature of the difference between the Four explains their varying prominence in the Veda. Varuna is easily the first and
\nmost considerable of them all, for realisation of infinite existence is the basis of the Vedic perfection: the wideness and purity
\nof the divine being once attained, all the rest comes inevitably contained in it as possession and power and attribute. Mitra
\nis seldom hymned except in union with Varuna or else as a name and form of the other gods,
\n\t\t\t—oftenest of the cosmic
\nworker Agni, —when arriving in their action to the harmony and the light they reveal in themselves the divine Friend. To the
\ntwin-power Mitra-Varuna the greater number of the hymns to the luminous Kings are addressed, a certain number to Varuna
\nseparately or to Varuna-Indra, one to Mitra, two or three to Bhaga, none at all to Aryaman. For the infinite wideness and
\npurity being founded, the luminous harmony of the workings of the gods by the correlated laws of the different planes of our
\nbeing from the spiritual to the material has to be realised in that continent and on that foundation; and this is the combination
\nMitra-Varuna. The power of Aryaman is hardly viewed as an independent principle,
\n\t\t\t—just as force in the world is only a
\nmanifestation, movement or dynamic value of existence, is only a working out, a liberation of consciousness, of knowledge, of
\nthe inherent Truth of things into stuff of energy and form of effect, or is only the effective term of the self-discovering and
\nself-seizing movement by which Being and Consciousness realise themselves as Bliss. Therefore Aryaman is invoked always
\nin conjunction with Aditi or Varuna or Mitra or in the great realising Triad or in the realised quaternary or in the general
\ninvocation of the All-Gods and the Adityas.  
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 498<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nBhaga on the other hand is the crown of our movement to the possession of the hidden divine Truth of our existence; for
\nthe essence of that Truth is beatitude. Bhaga is Savitri himself; the All-Enjoyer is the Creator fulfilled in the divine purpose of
\nhis creation. Therefore he is the result more than the agent, or else the last agent of all, the possessor more than the giver of
\nour spiritual plenitude.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n *<\/span><\/p>\n

\n \t**
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n  <\/p>\n

\n The hymn of the Rishi Vamadeva to the All-Gods shows with
\na clear lucidity the high-aspiring hope which these Vedic deities were invoked to favour and bring to a happy culmination:
\n\t\t\t—
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n “Who of you is our deliverer? who our defender? O Earth and Heaven, free from division, deliver us; rescue, O Mitra, O
\nVaruna, from the mortality that is too strong for us! Who of you, O gods, confirms for us the supreme good in the march of the
\nsacrifice? They who illumine our high original seats, they who limitless in knowledge dawn out putting away our darkness,
\nit is they, imperishable all-ordainers, who order them for us; thinkers out of the Truth, they shine forth in light, achievers.
\nI seek for my companion by the words illumining the flowing river Aditi, she who is the divine felicity. O Night and Dawn
\nunconquerable, so do ye make it that both the Days shall utterly protect us. Aryaman and Varuna distinguish the Path, and Agni
\nlord of the impulsion, the path of the happy goal. O Indra and Vishnu, affirmed, extend to us perfectly the peace in which are
\nthe Powers, the mighty protection. I embrace the increasings of Parvata and of the Maruts and of Bhaga, our divine deliverer.
\nMay the master of things protect us from the sin of the world and Mitra keep us far from the sin against Mitra. Now shall one
\naffirm the goddesses Earth and Heaven with the Dragon of the foundation by all the things desired that we must obtain; as if to
\npossess that Ocean by their wide ranging they have uncovered the (hidden) rivers that are voiceful with the burning Light. May
\ngoddess Aditi with the gods protect us, may the divine Deliverer deliver us, unremitting; let us not diminish the foundation of
\n   <\/span> <\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nMitra and Varuna and the high level of Agni. Agni is the lord of that vast substance of riches and perfected enjoyment; he
\nlavishes on us those abundances. O Dawn, voice of the Truth, queen of plenitude, bring to us the many desirable boons, thou
\nwho hast in thee all their plenty. To that goal may Savitri, Bhaga, Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman, Indra move aright for us with riches
\nof our felicity.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nVARUNA<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nWe have the word Varuna from a root which means to surround, cover or pervade. From these significances of the name there
\nemerged before the poetic eye of the ancient mystics the images that are our nearest concrete representation of the Infinite. They
\nsaw God as a highest covering Heaven, felt divine existence like an encompassing ocean, lived in its boundless presence as
\nin a pure and pervading ether. Varuna is this highest heaven, this soul-surrounding ocean, this ethereal possession and infinite
\npervasion.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nThe same root had given them an appellation for the dark
\nCoverer, the adversary Vritra; for to obstruct and resist, screen or hedge, besiege and hem in are also some of its many kindred
\nsenses. But dark Vritra is the thick cloud and the enveloping shadow. His knowledge
\n\t\t\t—for he too has a knowledge, a Maya, —is the sense of limited being and the hiding away in subconscient Night all the rest of the rich and vast existence that should
\nbe ours, and for this negation and contrary power of creative knowledge he stands up stiffly against the Gods,
\n\t\t\t—his undivine
\nright against the divine right of God and man. Varuna by his wide being and ample vision rolls back these limits; surrounding
\nus with light his possession reveals what dark Vritra’s obsession had withheld and obscured. His godhead is the form or spiritual
\nimage of an embracing and illuminating Infinity.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nFor this reason the physical figure of Varuna is much less
\ndefinite than the burning Fire or the radiant Sun or the luminous Dawn. The old commentators thought strangely enough that he
\nwas the God of Night. In the Puranas he is the deity of the waters  
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

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\nand his noose, which in the Veda never pretends to be anything more than a psychological metaphor, has become the violent
\nlasso of the ocean-god. European scholars have identified him with the Greek Uranus and perceiving something of his original
\nethereal nature have supposed a conceptual transference, a sort of fall or even a deposition from azure above to azure below.
\nIndra, perhaps, becoming master of the skies and king of the gods, Varuna the original King had to be satisfied with the do
\nminion of the waters. If we understand the symbolic method of the mystics, we shall see that these suppositions are unnecessary.
\nTheir method is to combine various ideas and images contained together in a general conception which gives all the links. So,
\nVaruna of the Veda is at once King —not of the heavens as such, for that is Dyaushpita, nor of the heavens of light, for
\nthat is Indra, —but of the highest covering ether and all oceans. All expanses are Varuna’s; every infinity is his property and
\nestate.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n Ether and ocean meet together and become one in the mystic
\nconception; and the origin of this unity is not far to seek. The ancient concept of creation, held all over the world from the
\nHimalayas to the Andes, conceived of the stuff of things as a formless expanse of waters covered over in the beginning by
\ndarkness out of which day and night and heaven and earth and all worlds have emerged. “Darkness,” says the Hebrew Genesis,
\n“was upon the face of the deep, and the spirit of God moved on the waters.” By the word he divided the waters with Heaven, the
\nfirmament; so that now there are two waters, one earthly below the firmament, the other heavenly above. The mystics seized on
\nthis universal belief or this universal image and crowded into it their opulent psychological values. Instead of one firmament
\nthey saw two, the earthly and the celestial; instead of two oceans, three spread out before their unsealed vision.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n What they saw, was what man will ever see when he changes the physical for the psychical vision of Nature and the world.
\nBelow them they looked down on an unfathomable night and surging obscurity, darkness hidden within darkness, the inconscient waters from which by the mighty energy of the One their  
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

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\nexistence had arisen. Above them they beheld a remote ocean of light and sweetness, a highest ether, the supreme step of all
\nblissful Vishnu, to which their attracted being must ascend. One of these was the dense dark ether, an unformed material inconscient Non-existence; the other a luminous ethereal All-conscient and the absolute of existence. These two were the dark and the
\nshining extension of the One.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nBetween these two unknown infinities, infinite potential
\nzero and infinite plenary x<\/i>, they saw around them, before their eyes, below, above, a third sea of ever-developing conscious
\nbeing, a sort of boundless wave, which they spoke of by a hardy metaphor as climbing up or flowing up beyond heaven
\nto the supreme seas. It is this perilous ocean which we have to navigate. There Bhujyu, the seeker of enjoyment, son of King
\nTugra the Forceful-Hastening, was about to sink, cast in by his false companions, souls of an evil movement; but the marvellous chariot-ship of the Ashwins came hastening to his succour. Varuna must teach with his vast Right and Truth our limited will
\nand judgment, if we would escape such perils: we must embark in no human galley, but “ascend the divine ship, the blameless
\nand well-oared vessel that sinketh not, by which may we voyage safe beyond sin and evil.” Into this intermediate ocean,
\nabove<\/i>
\nour earth, we have seen the sun of Knowledge rise out of the inconscient cave and voyage led by the seers. For this too is
\nan ocean-ether. Or, let us say, it is a tier of ethers. To follow the Vedic imagery we must suppose ocean superimposed upon
\nocean. This world is a series of heights that are depths and a mutual involution and evolution of vastnesses that have no
\nending: ether below rises to ever more luminous ether above, every stratum of consciousness rests upon many inferior and
\naspires to many higher strata.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nBut beyond our farthest skies in the supreme ocean of light
\nand expanse of the highest superconscient ether our haven awaits us in a Truth hidden by lesser truth, even as in the inconscient
\nNight darkness is enwrapped and protected by an ever greater darkness. That is the truth of King Varuna. Thither the Dawns
\nshining arise, the rivers travel and the Sun unyokes there the  
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

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\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nhorses of his chariot. And Varuna contains, sees, governs all this in his vast being and by his illimitable knowledge. All these
\noceans are his, even to the Inconscient and its nights so opposite in their seeming to his nature which is that of the extended radiance of one eternal, vast sun of happy light and truth. Day and Night, light and darkness are symbols in his infinity. “Luminous
\nVaruna has embraced the nights; he holds the Dawns within him by his creative knowledge; visioned, he is around every object.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n From this idea of the oceans arose naturally the psychological concept of the Vedic rivers. These rivers are everywhere.
\nThey are the waters which flow down from the mountain and ascend the mind ranging through and illuminating with their
\nflow the dark subconscient secrets of Vritra; they are the mighty ones of Heaven whom Indra brings down on the Earth; they are
\nthe streams of the Truth; they are the rain from its luminous heavens; they are the seven eternal sisters and companions; they
\nare the divine waters who have knowledge. They descend upon the earth, they rise from the ocean, they flow to the ocean,
\nthey break out from the doors of the Panis, they ascend to the supreme seas.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n Oceanic Varuna is king of all these waters. “In the uprising of the rivers” it is said “he is a brother of seven sisters, he is
\nin their middle.” And another Rishi has sung, “In the rivers Varuna is seated upholding the law of his works, perfect in will
\nfor empire.” Vasishtha speaks with a more explicit crowding of psychological suggestions, of “the divine, pure and purifying waters, honey-pouring, in the midst of whom King Varuna marches looking down on the truth and the falsehood in creatures.” Varuna too, like Indra with whom he is often associated, releases the waters; sped from his mighty hands they too, like
\nhim, become all-pervading and flow to a limitless goal. “The son of Infinity, the wide upholder, has loosed them forth everywhere;
\nthe rivers journey to the truth of Varuna.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n Not only the goal, the march too is his. “Varuna of the
\npuissance and the thousandfold vision beholds the goal of these rivers; he is the king of the kingdoms, he is the form of the
\nrivers, for him is a strength supreme and universal.” His oceanic   <\/span> <\/p>\n

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\nmovement envelops all the kingdoms of being and ascends to the Paradise of the heaven of heavens. “He is the hidden ocean”
\nit is said “and he climbs passing beyond heaven; when he has set the sacrificial word in these dawns, then with his luminous
\nfoot he tramples asunder illusions and ascends to Paradise.” Varuna, we see, is the oceanic surge of the hidden Divine as he
\nrises, progressively manifested, to his own infinite wideness and ecstasy in the soul of the god-liberated seer.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nThe illusions which he shatters with his tread are the false formations of the Lords of Evil. Varuna, because he is this ether
\nof divine Truth and ocean of divine being, is what no personified physical sea or sky could ever become, the pure and majestic
\nKing who strikes down evil and delivers from sin. Sin is a violation of the purity of the divine Right and Truth; its reaction
\nis the wrath of the Pure and Puissant. Against those who like the Sons of Darkness serve self-will and ignorance, the king of
\nthe divine Law hurls his weapons; the cord descends upon them; they fall into the snare of Varuna. But those who seek after the
\nTruth with sacrifice are delivered from bondage to sin like a calf released from the rope or a victim set free from the slaying
\npost. The Rishis deprecate frequently the retributive violence of Varuna and pray to him to deliver them from sin and its wages,
\ndeath. “Repel the Destruction away from us,” they cry, “loose from us even the sin that we have done”; or, always with the
\nsame sense of a chain and a bondage, “Cleave away sin from me like a cord.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nThe crude conception of sin as a result of natural wickedness found no place in the thought of these deep thinkers and subtle
\npsychologists. What they perceived, was a great insistent force of Ignorance; either a non-perception of right and truth in the
\nmind or a non-seizing of it in the will, or an inability of the life instincts and desires to follow after it, or the sheer inefficiency
\nof the physical being to rise to the greatness of the divine law. Vasishtha cries to mighty Varuna in a passionate litany, “It is
\nfrom poverty of the will that we have gone contrary to thee, O pure and puissant One: be gracious to us, have grace. Thirst
\nfound thy adorer though he stood in the middle of the waters;  
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nbe gracious, O puissant Lord, have grace. Whatever this be, O Varuna, that we human beings act, a treason against the Divine
\nBirth, wheresoever by the Ignorance we have put away thy laws, smite us not for that sin, O God.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n Ignorance, this matrix of sin, has in its substantial effect the appearance of a triple cord of limited mind, inefficient life,
\nobscure physical animality, the three ropes with which the Rishi Shunahshepa in the parable was bound as a victim to the sacrificial post. The whole result is a struggling or inert poverty of being; it is the meagreness of a mortal undelight and the insufficiency of a being that collapses at every moment towards death. When Varuna the Mighty comes and sunders this threefold restraint, we are freed towards riches and immortality. Uplifted, the real man arises to his true kingship in the undivided being.
\nThe upper cord flies upward releasing the wings of the Soul into superconscient heights; the middle cord parts both ways and all
\nways, the constrained life breaking out into a happy breadth of existence; the lower cord collapses downward taking with it
\nthe alloy of our physical being to disappear and be dissolved in the stuff of the Inconscient. This liberation is the purport of the
\nparable of Shunahshepa and his two great hymns to Varuna.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n As ignorance or falsehood in the being
\n\t\t\t—the Veda prefers
\nusually the less abstract phrase —is the cause of wrong and suffering, so Knowledge or Truth is the agent which purifies
\nand liberates. It is because of the eye with which he sees, —the luminous symbolic Sun,
\n\t\t\t—that Varuna is the purifier. And
\nunless he governs the will and teaches the judgment while the divine Thought is being learned, we cannot ascend on to the
\nship of the gods to be borne by it over the life-ocean beyond all this stumbling and evil. Dwelling in us as the thinker with
\nknowledge Varuna cleaves away the sin that we have committed; he abolishes by his royal power our debts of the Ignorance. Or,
\nusing a different image, the Veda tells us that this King has in his service a thousand physicians; it is by their healing of our
\nmental and moral infirmities that we get a secure foundation in Varuna’s wide and deep right-mindedness.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n The Kingship of great Varuna is an unbounded empire over  
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\n

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\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tall being. He is a mighty world-ruler, an emperor, samrat<\/i>. His
\nepithets and descriptions are those which a mind at once religious and philosophic could apply with little or no change to
\nthe supreme and universal Godhead. He is the vastness and the multiplicity; among his usual epithets are vast Varuna, abundant
\nVaruna, Varuna of whom wideness is the habitation, Varuna of many births. But his puissant being is not only a universal
\nwideness; it is a universal force and might. The Veda says of him in words that have both an outward and an inward significance:
\n“Thy force and might and passion neither these Birds in their travelling can attain, nor these Waters ranging sleeplessly, nor
\nthey who hedge in the hugeness of the wind.” It is a force of universal existence which is active around and in all that lives.8<\/font><\/sup>
\nBehind this vast universality of force and being there watches and acts a vast universality of knowledge. The epithet of king
\nhood is constantly coupled with the epithet of seerhood, not otiosely but in the strong, pregnant antique style. Varuna has
\na manifold energy, —the hero’s, —and wide expression, —the thinker’s; he comes to us as a godhead of the glory of force and
\nin the same movement we find in him a soul of wide vision.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n \t\t\tThe full significance of this constant coupling of epithets appears in the double character of his sovereignty; he is
\n\t\t\tsvarāt
\n<\/i>and
\n \t\t\t.<\/i> samrat<\/i>, self-ruler and emperor. They are the two faces of Aryan
\nkingship. In man they are a royalty of thought and action and the plenitude of wisdom and will; the King-Sage, the Hero-Thinker.
\nIn the Godhead, in Varuna “almighty, omniscient, thousand-visioned, whose form is the Truth”, they lift us up to supreme
\nand universal principles; we see revealed a divine and eternal majesty, the plenitude of consciousness and the plenitude of
\nForce, Wisdom omnipotent, Power omniscient, Law justified, Truth fulfilled.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n \t\t\tVaruna, the Vedic symbol of this grandiose conception, is described finely as a vast thinker and guardian of the Truth. In
\nhim, it is said, all wisdoms are lodged and gathered up into their nodus; he is the divine Seer who nurtures the seer-knowings of <\/p>\n

\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n \t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n \t\t\t
\n \t\t\t8 Viśvayu.<\/i>  
\n<\/font>
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\n

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\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nman as if heaven were increasing its form. We find here the key to the symbol of the luminous cows. For it is said of him
\nthat, upholder of the worlds, he knows the hidden names of these shining ones and the thoughts of the seers go beyond like
\ncows to the pastures desiring the wide-visioned. It is said of him too that he guards for the Maruts, greatened in knowledge, the
\nthoughts of men like the cows of a herd.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n That is the side of thought; there are parallel descriptions for
\nthe side of action. Great Varuna is the continent and nodus of the world’s uplifted puissances no less than of its arising thoughts.
\nThe unconquered workings that fall not from the Truth are established in him as upon a mountain. Because he thus knows
\nthe things that are transcendent, he is able to cast his majestic eye of sovereignty upon our existence and see there “the things
\nthat are done and those that remain to be done”. The things that remain to be done
\n\t\t\t—and also to be known. The wisdom of
\nVaruna shapes in us the divine word which, inspired, intuitive, opens the doors to new knowledge. “We desire him” cries the
\nRishi “as the finder of the Path because he unveils the thought by the heart; let new truth be born.” For this King is no whirler
\nof a brute and stupid wheel; his are not the unfruitful cycles of a meaningless Law. There is a Path; there is a constant progress;
\nthere is a goal.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n Varuna is the leader on this path. “Perfect in will” cries
\nShunahshepa “let the son of Infinity make us by the good path and carry our life forward. Varuna puts on his golden robe of
\nlight and his scouts are all around.” These detect the ambushed foes of the Light, the piercers of our hearts
\n\t\t\t—who would pre
\nvent, it is to be supposed, the unveiling of the Truth-thought by the heart. For this journey which we saw as a march of the
\nwaters, we see also as a journey of the sun with the all-wise and all-powerful King for its Guide. In the vast where there is
\nno foundation Varuna has built a high pyramid of the fuel of sacrifice for the fire that must be the blazing material of a divine
\nSun. “Its rays are directed downward, their foundation is above; let their perceptions of knowledge be established in us within.
\nKing Varuna has made a wide path for the Sun to follow; where   <\/span> <\/p>\n

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\nthere is no footing he has made places for him to set his feet. He shall make manifest too those who pierce the heart.” His purity
\nis a great devourer of the hurters of the soul.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nThe Path is a constant making and building of new truth,
\nnew powers, higher realisations, new worlds. All heights to which we can climb from the basis of our physical existence
\nare described in symbolic figure as mountain summits upon the earth and Varuna of the vision holds them all in himself. World
\nafter world is reached as level and ever higher level of a great mountain; the voyager in the forward march of Varuna is said
\nto lay his grasp on all things that are born in all the statuses. But his final goal must be the highest triple world of the Deva.
\n“Three delightful Dawns increase according to the law of his workings. He of the all-seeing wisdom dwells in three white
\nshining earths; three are the higher worlds of Varuna whence he rules over the harmonies of seven and seven. He is the builder of
\nthe original seat, `That Truth’ of Varuna; and he is the guardian and the mover.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nIn sum, then, Varuna is the ethereal, oceanic, infinite King of wide being, wide knowledge and wide might, a manifestation
\nof the one God’s active omniscience and omnipotence, a mighty guardian of the Truth, punisher and healer, Lord of the noose
\nand Releaser from the cords, who leads thought and action towards the vast light and power of a remote and high-uplifted
\nTruth. Varuna is the King of all kingdoms and of all divine and mortal beings; earth and heaven and every world are only his
\nprovinces.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nMITRA<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nIf the purity, infinity, strong royalty of Varuna are the grand framework and majestic substance of the divine being, Mitra is
\nits beauty and perfection. To be infinite, pure, a king over oneself and a master-soul must be the nature of the divine man because
\nso he shares in the nature of God. But the Vedic ideal is not satisfied simply with a large, unfulfilled plan of the divine image.
\nThere must be noble and rich contents in this vast continent; the  
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\nmany-roomed tenement of our being contained in Varuna has to be ordered by Mitra in the right harmony of its utility and its
\nequipment.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n For the godhead is a plenitude as well as an infinity; Varuna
\nis an ocean no less than an ethereal heaven. Pure and subtle as the ether, his strong substance is yet no serene void or easy vague
\nof inactive peace, but rather we have seen in it a surging march of thought and action; he has been described to us as a nodus in
\nwhich all wisdom is upgathered and a hill upon which the original, unfallen workings of the gods are supported. King Varuna
\nis one who sleeps not, but is awake and mighty forever, eternally an effective force and worker for the Truth and the Right. Still
\nhe acts as the guardian of the Truth rather than constitutes it, or constitutes rather through the action of other godheads who
\navail themselves of his wideness and surging force. He keeps, drives even the shining herds, but does not assemble them in the
\npastures, an upholder of our powers and remover of obstacles and enemies much more than a builder of our parts.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n Who then gathers knowledge into this nodus or links divine action in this sustainer of works? Mitra is the harmoniser, Mitra
\nthe builder, Mitra the constituent Light, Mitra the god who effects the right unity of which Varuna is the substance and the
\ninfinitely self-enlarging periphery. These two Kings are complementary to each other in their nature and their divine works.
\nIn them we find and by them we gain harmony in largeness: we see in the Godhead and increase in ourselves purity without
\ndefect basing love faultless in wisdom. Therefore these two are a great duo of the self-fulfilling godhead and the Vedic word
\ncalls them together to a vaster and vaster sacrifice to which they arrive as the inseparable builders of an increasing Truth.
\nMadhuchchhandas gives us the keynote of their united divinity. “Mitra I call, the pure in judgment, and Varuna, devourer of
\nthe foe. By Truth, Mitra and Varuna, Truth-increasers who get to the touch of Truth, you attain to a vast working of the will.
\nSeers, dwellers in the wideness, born with many births, they uphold the judgment at its works.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n \tThe name Mitra comes from a root which meant originally  
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\nto contain with compression and so to embrace and has given us the ordinary Sanskrit word for friend,
\nmitra<\/i>, as well as the
\narchaic Vedic word for bliss, mayas<\/i>. Upon the current sense of the word
\nmitra<\/i>, the Friend, the Vedic poets continually rely for
\ntheir covert key to the psychological function of this apparent sungod. When the other deities and especially the brilliant Agni
\nare spoken of as helpful friends to the human sacrificer, they are said to be Mitra, or to be like Mitra, or to become Mitra,
\n\t\t\t—as we
\nshould now say, the divine Will-force, or whatever other power and personality of the godhead, reveals itself eventually as the
\ndivine Love. Therefore we must suppose that to these symbolists Mitra was essentially the Lord of Love, a divine friend, a kindly
\nhelper of men and immortals. The Veda speaks of him as the most beloved of the gods.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nThe Vedic seers looked at Love from above, from its source and root and saw it and received it in their humanity as an
\noutflowing of the divine Delight. The Taittiriya Upanishad expounding this spiritual and cosmic bliss of the godhead, Vedantic
\nAnanda, Vedic Mayas, says of it, “Love is its head.” But the word it chooses for Love,
\npriyam<\/i>, means properly the delightfulness
\nof the objects of the soul’s inner pleasure and satisfaction. The Vedic singers used the same psychology. They couple
\nmayas <\/i>and
\nprayas<\/i>, —mayas<\/i>, the principle of inner felicity independent of all objects,
\nprayas<\/i>, its outflowing as the delight and pleasure of
\nthe soul in objects and beings. The Vedic happiness is this divine felicity which brings with it the boon of a pure possession and
\nsinless pleasure in all things founded upon the unfailing touch of the Truth and Right in the freedom of a large universality.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nMitra is the most beloved of the gods because he brings within our reach this divine enjoyment and leads us to this perfect happiness. Varuna makes directly for strength; we discover a force and a will vast in purity; Aryaman the Aspirer is secured in
\nthe amplitude of his might by Varuna’s infinity; he does his large works and effects his great movement by the power of Varuna’s
\nuniversality. Mitra makes directly for bliss, —Bhaga the Enjoyer is established in a blameless possession and divine enjoyment by
\nthe all-reconciling harmony of Mitra, by his purifying light of  
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 510<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nright discernment, his firmly-basing law. Therefore it is said of Mitra that all perfected souls adhere or are firmly fixed “to the
\nbliss of this Beloved in whom there is no hurt”, for in him there is no sin or wound or falling. All mortal delight has its mortal
\ndanger; but the immortal light and law secures the soul of man in a fearless joy. That mortal, says Vishwamitra, who learns by
\nMitra’s law, the law of this Son of Infinity, is possessed of prayas<\/i>, the soul’s satisfaction in its objects; such a soul cannot be slain,
\nnor overcome, nor can any evil take possession of it from near or from afar. For Mitra fashions in gods and men impulsions
\nwhose action spontaneously fulfils all the soul’s seekings.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n That happy freedom of all-possession comes to us out of
\nthis godhead’s universality and his reconciling luminous embrace of things: Mitra’s is the principle of harmony by which
\nthe manifold workings of the Truth agree together in a perfectly wedded union. The root of the name means both to embrace
\nand to contain and hold and, again, to build or form in the sense of linking together the parts or materials of a whole.
\nAdorable Mitra is born in us as a blissful ordainer of things and a king full of
\n\t\t\tmight. Mitra holds up heaven and earth and looks sleeplessly upon
\n\t\t\tthe worlds and the peoples, and his vigilant and perfect ordinances
\n\t\t\tcreate in us a happy rightness of mind and feeling —sumati<\/i>, a state of grace, we might almost say,
\n\t\t\t—which becomes for us an unhurt abiding-place. “Free from all undelightfulness,” says the Vedic verse, “rejoicing with rapture in the goddess of the Word, bowing the knee in the wideness of
\nearth, may we attain to our abiding-place in the law of working of Mitra, son of Infinity, and dwell in his grace.” It is when Agni
\nbecomes Mitra, when the divine Will realises the divine Love that, in the Vedic image, the Lord and his Spouse agree in their
\nmansion.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n  The well-accorded happiness of the Truth is Mitra’s law
\nof working; for it is upon Truth and divine Knowledge that this harmony and perfect temperament are founded; they are formed,
\nsecured and guarded by the Maya of Mitra and Varuna. That well-known word comes from the same root as Mitra. Maya
\nis the comprehending, measuring, forming Knowledge which   <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 511<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nwhether divine or undivine, secure in the undivided being of Aditi or labouring in the divided being of Diti, builds up the
\nwhole scene, environment, confines, and defines the whole condition, law and working of our existence. Maya is the active,
\noriginative, determinative view which creates for each being according to his own consciousness his own world. But Mitra is
\na Lord of the Light, a Son of Infinity and a Guardian of the Truth and his Maya part of an infinite, supreme and faultless
\ncreative wisdom. He builds, he joins together in an illuminated harmony all the numerous planes, all the successive steps, all the
\ngraded seats of our being. Whatsoever Aryaman aspires to on his path, has to be effected by the `holdings’ or laws of Mitra
\nor by his foundations, statuses, placings, mitrasya dharmabhih<\/i>,
\n\t\t\t mitrasya dhāmabhih<\/i>. For dharma<\/i>, the law is that which holds
\n things together and to which we hold; dhā<\/font>ma<\/i>, the status is the placing of the law in a founded harmony which creates for us
\nour plane of living and the character of our consciousness, action and thought.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nMitra, like the other sons of Aditi, is a master of Knowledge. He possesses a light which is full of a varied inspiration, or, to
\nkeep closer to the Vedic term, a richly diversified hearing of the knowledge. In the wideness of existence which he enjoys in
\ncommon with Varuna, he acquires possession of heaven by that greatness of the being of the Truth and enlarges his conquering mastery over the earth by these inspirations or hearings of its Knowledge. All the five Aryan peoples labour therefore and
\ntravel for this bright and beautiful Mitra who comes into them with his luminous force and bears in his wideness all the Gods.
\nHe is the great and blissful one who sets and leads creatures born into the world upon their path. The distinction is drawn
\nin one verse that Varuna is the masterful traveller to the soul’s supreme seat, Mitra makes men advance in that march. “Even
\nnow” says the Rishi “may I attain the movement to the goal and journey on Mitra’s path.”
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nSince Mitra cannot fulfil his harmony except in the wideness and purity of Varuna, he is constantly invoked in company with
\nthat great godhead. Theirs are the supreme statuses or planes of  
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 512<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nthe soul; it is the bliss of Mitra and Varuna that has to increase in us. By their law that vast plane of our consciousness shines
\nout upon us and heaven and earth are the two paths of their journey. For Aditi of the Truth, their mother, has borne them
\nomniscient and great for almightiness; and it is luminous Aditi, the undivided being, whom they, wakeful from day to day, cleave
\nto, she who holds for us our habitations in that world of light and they attain to its luminous forcefulness. They are the two
\nSons perfect in their birth from of old who support the law of our action; children are they of a vast luminous power, offspring
\nof the divine discerning thought and perfect in will. They are the guardians of Truth, possessed of its law in the supreme ether.
\nSwar is their golden home and birth-place.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n Mitra and Varuna have an unwounded vision and are better
\nknowers of the Path than our sight; for in the Knowledge they are seers of Swar. They take by the passion of their discerning
\nthought the concealing falsehood away from the Truth to which the path has to lead. They proclaim the vast Truth of which
\nthey are possessed. It is because they possess it and with it the perfection of the will which is its effect, that they are seated in
\nus for empire and uphold our action as the masters of might. By Truth they come to the Truth, nourishing in their lordship of
\nthings our thoughts, and in their purified judgment they open the eye of consciousness to all wisdom by the perception in men.
\nThus all-seeing and all-knowing they by the law, by the Maya of the mighty Lord, guard our actions, even as they govern the
\nwhole world in the power of the Truth. That Maya is established in the heavens, it ranges there as a Sun of light; it is their rich and
\nwonderful weapon. They are far-hearers, masters of true being, true themselves and increasers of truth in each human creature.
\nThey nourish the shining herds and loose forth the abundance of heaven; they make heaven to rain down by the Maya of the
\nMighty Lord. And that celestial rain is the wealth of the spiritual felicity which the seers desire; it is the immortality.9<\/font><\/sup>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n  <\/p>\n

\n
\n 9 Vrstim v<\/i><\/font>ā<\/font><\/i>m
\n\trādho amrtatvam  \t\t\t<\/i> <\/font>
\n\tī<\/font><\/i>mahe.<\/i> <\/font>
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 513<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\nARYAMAN<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nAryaman, third of the four great solar godheads, is the least
\nprominent of them all in the invocations of the seers. No separate hymn is addressed to him and, if his name occurs not unfrequently, it is in scattered verses; there is no strong body of Riks from which we can construct firmly our idea of his functions or recompose his physiognomy. Most often he is simply invoked by his bare name along with Mitra and Varuna or in
\nthe larger group of the sons of Aditi, almost always in adjunction to other kindred deities. Still there are half a dozen or more half
\nriks from which his one chief and characteristic action emerges accompanied by the usual epithets of the Lords of the Truth,
\nepithets expressive of Knowledge, Joy, Infinity and Power. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\nIn the later tradition the name of Aryaman is placed at the
\nhead of the Fathers to whom as their appropriate offering is given the symbolic food, the
\npinda <\/i>of the Puranic funeral and
\n memorial rites. In the Puranic traditions the Fathers are of two
\nclasses, divine and human, the latter being the ancestors, the Manes. But it is in connection with the Fathers as the souls who
\nhave attained to heaven, to immortality that we must think of Aryaman. Krishna in the Gita, enumerating the chief powers
\nor manifestations of the eternal Godhead in things and beings, speaks of himself as Ushanas among the seers, Bhrigu among the
\nRishis, Vyasa among the sages, Vishnu among the children of Aditi, Aryaman among the Fathers. Now in the Veda the Fathers
\nare the ancient illumined ones who discovered the Knowledge, created and followed the Path, reached the Truth, conquered
\nImmortality; and in the few Riks in which Aryaman’s separate personality emerges, it is as the God of the Path that he is
\nhymned.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nHis name Aryaman, kin etymologically to the words arya<\/i>,
\n arya<\/i>, ari<\/i>, by which are distinguished the men or peoples who
\nfollow the Vedic culture and the Gods who assist them in their battles and their aspirations, is similarly indicative. The Aryan
\nis the traveller on the Path, the aspirant to immortality by divine sacrifice, one of the shining children of Light, a worshipper of the
\n  
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 514<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nMasters of the Truth, a fighter in the battle against the powers of darkness who obstruct the human journey. Aryaman is the
\ngodhead in whose divine power this Aryahood is rooted; he is this Force of sacrifice, aspiration, battle, journey towards perfection and light and celestial bliss by which the path is created, travelled, pursued beyond all resistance and obscuration to its
\nluminous and happy goal.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n In consequence, the action of Aryaman takes up the at
\ntributes of Mitra and Varuna as leaders of the Path. This Force fulfils the happy impulsions of that Light and Harmony and
\nthe movement of infinite knowledge and power of that pure Vastness. Like Mitra and Varuna he makes men travel on the
\npath; he is full of the perfect happiness of Mitra; he is complete in the will and the works of sacrifice; he and Varuna distinguish
\nthe path for mortals. He is like Varuna a godhead manifold in his births; like him he oppresses the wrath of the hurter of men.
\nIt is by the great path of Aryaman that we shall cross beyond the souls of a false or evil thought who obstruct our path. Aditi,
\nmother of the Kings, and Aryaman carry us by paths of a happy travelling beyond all inimical powers. The man who seeks the
\nstraightness of Mitra’s and Varuna’s workings and by the force of the word and the affirmation embraces their law with all his
\nbeing, is guarded in his progress by Aryaman.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n But the Rik most distinctive of the function of Aryaman is
\nthat which describes him as “Aryaman of the unbroken path, of the many chariots, who dwells as the sevenfold offerer of
\nsacrifice in births of diverse forms.” He is the deity of the human journey who carries it forward in its irresistible progress
\nwhich the attacks of the enemy cannot overcome or successfully interrupt so long as this divine Force is our leader. The journey
\nis effected through a manifold movement of our evolution, the many chariots of Aryaman. It is the journey of the human sacrifice which has a sevenfold energy of its action because there is a sevenfold principle in our being which has to be fulfilled in
\nits integral perfection; Aryaman is the master of the sacrificial action who offers this sevenfold working to the godheads of the
\nDivine Birth. Aryaman within us develops our various forms   <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 515<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nof birth in the ascending planes of our existence by which the Fathers climbed, travellers on his path, and by which it must be
\nthe aspiration of the Aryan soul to climb, to the highest summit of Immortality.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nThus Aryaman sums up in himself the whole aspiration and movement of man in a continual self-enlargement and self
\ntranscendence to his divine perfection. By his continuous movement on the unbroken path Mitra and Varuna and the sons of
\nAditi fulfil themselves in the human birth.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nBHAGA<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe goal of the path is the divine beatitude, the illimitable joy of the Truth, of the infinity of our being. Bhaga is the godhead
\nwho brings this joy and supreme felicity into the human consciousness; he is the divine enjoyer in man. All being has this
\ndivine enjoyment of existence for its aim and end, whether it seeks for it with knowledge or with ignorance, with the divine
\nstrength or the weakness of our yet undeveloped powers. “On Bhaga the strong calls for his increasing, on Bhaga he who has
\nnot the strength; then he moves towards the Delight.” “Let us call in the Dawn on Bhaga strong and victorious, the son of
\nAditi who is the wide-upholder, on whom the afflicted and the fighter and the king meditate and they say to the Enjoyer, Give
\nus thy enjoyment.” “Let it be the divine Enjoyer who possesses the enjoyment and by him let us be its possessors; to thee every
\nman calls, O Bhaga; do thou become, O Enjoyer, the leader of our journey.” An increasing and victorious felicity of the soul
\nrejoicing in the growth of its divine possessions which gives us strength to journey on and overcome till we reach the goal of
\nour perfection in an infinite beatitude, this is the sign of the birth of Bhaga in man and this his divine function.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nAll enjoyment comes indeed from Bhaga Savitri, the mortal as well as the divine; “creating a wide and vast force he brings
\nforth for men their mortal enjoyment.” But the Vedic ideal is the inclusion of all life and all joy, divine and human, the wideness
\nand plenty of earth and the vastness and abundance of heaven,  
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 516<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\nthe treasures of the mental, vital, physical existence uplifted, purified, perfected in the form of the infinite and divine Truth.
\nIt is this all-including felicity which is the gift of Bhaga. The Enjoyer is to be called on by men because he has many riches
\nand ordains perfectly all delights, —the thrice seven delights upheld by him in the being of his mother Aditi. It is by creating
\nin us “the wide and vast force”, it is when the Divine as Bhaga, Pushan, Aditi, the infinite, the undivided puts on the radiances
\nof the infinite consciousness like a robe and distributes without division all desirable boons that divine felicity comes to us in
\nits fullness. Then he gives to the human being full enjoyment of that greatest delight. Therefore Vasishtha cries to him, “O
\nBhaga, our leader, Bhaga who hast the wealth of the Truth, giving unto us, raise up and increase, O Bhaga, this thought in
\nus,” —the Truth-thought by which the felicity is attained.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n \tBhaga is Savitri the Creator, he who brings forth from the
\nunmanifest Divine the truth of a divine universe, dispelling from us the evil dream of this lower consciousness in which we falter
\namidst a confused tangle of truth and falsehood, strength and weakness, joy and suffering. An infinite being delivered out of
\nimprisoning limits, an infinite knowledge and strength receiving in thought and working out in will a divine Truth, an infinite
\nbeatitude possessing and enjoying all without division, fault or sin, this is the creation of Bhaga Savitri, this that greatest Delight.
\n“This creation of the divine Creator goddess Aditi speaketh forth to us, this the all-kings Varuna and Mitra and Aryaman with
\none mind and heart.” The four Kings find themselves fulfilled with their infinite Mother by the delightful perfection in man of
\nBhaga the Enjoyer, the youngest and greatest of them all. Thus is the divine creation of the fourfold Savitri founded on Varuna,
\ncombined and guided by Mitra, achieved by Aryaman, enjoyed in Bhaga: Aditi the infinite Mother realises herself in the human
\nbeing by the birth and works of her glorious children.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n  <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage – 517<\/font><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SAVITRI THE CREATOR   The result of the procession of the shining dawns, of the divine returns of Surya, of the increasings of Pushan and…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15-the-secret-of-veda","wpcat-41-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1854"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1854\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}