{"id":2237,"date":"2013-07-13T01:40:18","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:40:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=2237"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:40:18","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:40:18","slug":"04-the-core-of-the-teaching-vol-19-essays-on-the-gita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/03-cwsa\/19-essays-on-the-gita\/04-the-core-of-the-teaching-vol-19-essays-on-the-gita","title":{"rendered":"-04_The Core of the Teaching.html"},"content":{"rendered":"<div align=\"center\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"100%\">\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100%\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<b>IV <\/b><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<b><font size=\"4\">The Core of the Teaching <\/font><\/b><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<b><font size=\"5\">W<\/font>E KNOW <\/b>the divine Teacher, we<br \/>\nsee the human disciple; it remains to form a clear conception of the doctrine. A<br \/>\nclear conception fastening upon the essential idea, the central heart of the<br \/>\nteaching is especially necessary here because the Gita with its rich and<br \/>\nmany-sided thought, its synthetical grasp of different aspects of the spiritual<br \/>\nlife and the fluent winding motion of its argument lends itself, even more than<br \/>\nother scriptures, to one-sided misrepresentations born of a partisan<br \/>\nintellectuality. The unconscious or half-conscious wresting of fact and word and<br \/>\nidea to suit a preconceived notion or the doctrine or principle of one&#8217;s<br \/>\npreference is recognised by Indian logicians as one of the most fruitful sources<br \/>\nof fallacy; and it is perhaps the one which it is most difficult for even the<br \/>\nmost conscientious thinker to avoid. For the human reason is incapable of always<br \/>\nplaying the detective upon itself in this respect; it is its very nature to<br \/>\nseize upon some partial conclusion, idea, principle, become its partisan and<br \/>\nmake it the key to all truth, and it has an infinite faculty of doubling upon<br \/>\nitself so as to avoid detecting in its operations this necessary and cherished<br \/>\nweakness. The Gita lends itself easily to this kind of error, because it is<br \/>\neasy, by throwing particular emphasis on one of its aspects or even on some<br \/>\nsalient and emphatic text and putting all the rest of the eighteen chapters into<br \/>\nthe background or making them a subordinate and auxiliary teaching, to turn it<br \/>\ninto a partisan of our own doctrine or dogma.<br \/>\n<\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">Thus, there are those who make the Gita teach, not works at all, but a<br \/>\ndiscipline of preparation for renouncing life and works: the indifferent<br \/>\nperformance of prescribed actions or of whatever task may lie ready to the<br \/>\nhands, becomes the means, the discipline; the final renunciation of life and<br \/>\nworks is the sole real object. It is quite easy to justify this view by<br \/>\ncitations from&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font size=\"2\">Page &#8211; 29<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><\/font><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<p><span lang=\"en-gb\">the book and by a certain arrangement of stress in following out its argument,<br \/>\nespecially if we shut our eyes to the peculiar way <\/p>\n<p> in which it uses such a word as <i>sannyasa<\/i>, renunciation; but it<br \/>\nis quite impossible to persist in this view on an impartial reading in face of<br \/>\nthe continual assertion to the very end that action should be preferred to<br \/>\ninaction and that superiority lies with the true, the inner renunciation of<br \/>\ndesire by equality and the giving up of works to the supreme Purusha. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">Others again speak of the Gita as if the doctrine of devotion were its whole<br \/>\nteaching and put in the background its monistic elements and the high place it<br \/>\ngives to quietistic immergence in the one self of all. And undoubtedly its<br \/>\nemphasis on devotion, its insistence on the aspect of the Divine as Lord and<br \/>\nPurusha and its doctrine of the Purushottama, the Supreme Being who is superior<br \/>\nboth to the mutable Being and to the Immutable and who is what in His relation<br \/>\nto the world we know as God, are the most striking and among the most vital<br \/>\nelements of the Gita. Still, this Lord is the Self in whom all knowledge<br \/>\nculminates and the Master of sacrifice to whom all works lead as well as the<br \/>\nLord of Love into whose being the heart of devotion enters, and the Gita<br \/>\npreserves a perfectly equal balance, emphasising now knowledge, now works, now<br \/>\ndevotion, but for the purposes of the immediate trend of the thought, not with<br \/>\nany absolute separate preference of one over the others. He in whom all three<br \/>\nmeet and become one, He is the Supreme Being, the Purushottama.<br \/>\n<\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">But at the present day, since in fact the modern mind began to recognise and<br \/>\ndeal at all with the Gita, the tendency is to subordinate its elements of<br \/>\nknowledge and devotion, to take advantage of its continual insistence on action<br \/>\nand to find in it a scripture of the Karmayoga, a Light leading us on the path<br \/>\nof action, a Gospel of Works. Undoubtedly, the Gita is a Gospel of Works, but of<br \/>\nworks which culminate in knowledge, that is, in spiritual realisation and<br \/>\nquietude, and of works motived by devotion, that is, a conscious surrender of<br \/>\none&#8217;s whole self first into the hands and then into the being of the Supreme,<br \/>\nand not at all of works as they are understood by the modern mind, not at all an<br \/>\naction dictated by egoistic and altruistic, by personal,&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font size=\"2\">Page &#8211; 30<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><\/font><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">social, humanitarian motives, principles, ideals. Yet this is what present-day<br \/>\ninterpretations seek to make of the Gita. We are told continually by many<br \/>\nauthoritative voices that the Gita, opposing in this the ordinary ascetic and<br \/>\nquietistic tendency of Indian thought and spirituality, proclaims with no<br \/>\nuncertain sound the gospel of human action, the ideal of disinterested<br \/>\nperformance of social duties, nay, even, it would seem, the quite modern ideal<br \/>\nof social service. To all this I can only reply that very patently and even on<br \/>\nthe very surface of it the Gita does nothing of the kind and that this is a<br \/>\nmodern misreading, a reading of the modern mind into an ancient book, of the<br \/>\npresent-day European or Europeanised intellect into a thoroughly antique, a<br \/>\nthoroughly Oriental and Indian teaching. That which the Gita teaches is not a<br \/>\nhuman, but a divine action; not the performance of social duties, but the<br \/>\nabandonment of all other standards of duty or conduct for a selfless performance<br \/>\nof the divine will working through our nature; not social service, but the<br \/>\naction of the Best, the God-possessed, the Master-men done impersonally for the<br \/>\nsake of the world and as a sacrifice to Him who stands behind man and Nature.<br \/>\n<\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">In other words, the Gita is not a book of practical ethics, but of the spiritual<br \/>\nlife. The modern mind is just now the European mind, such as it has become after<br \/>\nhaving abandoned not only the philosophic idealism of the highest Graeco-Roman<br \/>\nculture from which it started, but the Christian devotionalism of the Middle<br \/>\nAges; these it has replaced by or transmuted into a practical idealism and<br \/>\nsocial, patriotic and philanthropic devotion. It has got rid of God or kept Him<br \/>\nonly for Sunday use and erected in His place man as its deity and society as its<br \/>\nvisible idol. At its best it is practical, ethical, social, pragmatic,<br \/>\naltruistic, humanitarian. Now all these things are good, are especially needed<br \/>\nat the present day, are part of the divine Will or they would not have become so<br \/>\ndominant in humanity. Nor is there any reason why the divine man, the man who<br \/>\nlives in the Brahmic consciousness, in the God-being should not be all of these<br \/>\nthings in his action; he will be, if they are the best ideal of the age, the<br \/>\nYugadharma, and there is no yet higher ideal to be established,&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font size=\"2\">Page &#8211; 31<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><\/font><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<p><span lang=\"en-gb\">no great radical change to be effected. For he is, as the Teacher points out to<br \/>\nhis disciple, the best who has to set the standard for others; and in fact<br \/>\nArjuna is called upon to live according to the highest ideals of his age and the<br \/>\nprevailing culture, but with knowledge, with understanding of that which lay<br \/>\nbehind, and not as ordinary men, with a following of the merely outward law and<br \/>\nrule. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">But the point here is that the modern mind has exiled from its practical<br \/>\nmotive-power the two essential things, God or the Eternal and spirituality or<br \/>\nthe God-state, which are the master conceptions of the Gita. It lives in<br \/>\nhumanity only, and the Gita would have us live in God, though for the world in<br \/>\nGod; in its life, heart and intellect only, and the Gita would have us live in<br \/>\nthe spirit; in the mutable Being who is &quot;all creatures&quot;, and the Gita would have<br \/>\nus live also in the Immutable and the Supreme; in the changing march of Time,<br \/>\nand the Gita would have us live in the Eternal. Or if these higher things are<br \/>\nnow beginning to be vaguely envisaged, it is only to make them subservient to<br \/>\nman and society; but God and spirituality exist in their own right and not as<br \/>\nadjuncts. And in practice the lower in us must learn to exist for the higher, in<br \/>\norder that the higher also may in us consciously exist for the lower, to draw it<br \/>\nnearer to its own altitudes. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">Therefore it is a mistake to interpret the Gita from the standpoint of the<br \/>\nmentality of today and force it to teach us the disinterested performance of<br \/>\nduty as the highest and all-sufficient law. A little consideration of the<br \/>\nsituation with which the Gita deals will show us that this could not be its<br \/>\nmeaning. For the whole point of the teaching, that from which it arises, that<br \/>\nwhich compels the disciple to seek the Teacher, is an inextricable clash of the<br \/>\nvarious related conceptions of duty ending in the collapse of the whole useful<br \/>\nintellectual and moral edifice erected by the human mind. In human life some<br \/>\nsort of a clash arises fairly often, as for instance between domestic duties and<br \/>\nthe call of the country or the cause, or between the claim of the country and<br \/>\nthe good of humanity or some larger religious or moral principle. An inner<br \/>\nsituation may even arise, as with the Buddha, in which&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font size=\"2\">Page &#8211; 32<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><\/font><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">all duties have to be abandoned, trampled on, flung aside in order to follow the<br \/>\ncall of the Divine within. I cannot think that the Gita would solve such an<br \/>\ninner situation by sending Buddha back to his wife and father and the government<br \/>\nof the Sakya State, or would direct a Ramakrishna to become a Pundit in a<br \/>\nvernacular school and disinterestedly teach little boys their lessons, or bind<br \/>\ndown a Vivekananda to support his family and for that to follow dispassionately<br \/>\nthe law or medicine or journalism. The Gita does not teach the disinterested<br \/>\nperformance of duties but the following of the divine life, the abandonment <\/p>\n<p> of all dharmas, <i>sarvadharm&#257;n<\/i>, to take refuge in the Supreme<br \/>\nalone, and the divine activity of a Buddha, a Ramakrishna, a Vivekananda is<br \/>\nperfectly in consonance with this teaching. Nay, although the Gita prefers<br \/>\naction to inaction, it does not rule out the renunciation of works, but accepts<br \/>\nit as one of the ways to the Divine. If that can only be attained by renouncing<br \/>\nworks and life and all duties and the call is strong within us, then into the<br \/>\nbonfire they must go, and there is no help for it. The call of God is imperative<br \/>\nand cannot be weighed against any other considerations. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">But here there is this farther difficulty that the action which Arjuna must do<br \/>\nis one from which his moral sense recoils. It is his duty to fight, you say? But<br \/>\nthat duty has now become to his mind a terrible sin. How does it help him or<br \/>\nsolve his difficulty, to tell him that he must do his duty disinterestedly,<br \/>\ndispassionately? He will want to know which is his duty or how it can be his<br \/>\nduty to destroy in a sanguinary massacre his kin, his race and his country. He<br \/>\nis told that he has right on his side, but that does not and cannot satisfy him,<br \/>\nbecause his very point is that the justice of his legal claim does not justify<br \/>\nhim in supporting it by a pitiless massacre destructive to the future of his<br \/>\nnation. Is he then to act dispassionately in the sense of not caring whether it<br \/>\nis a sin or what its consequences may be so long as he does his duty as a<br \/>\nsoldier? That may be the teaching of a State, of politicians, of lawyers, of<br \/>\nethical casuists; it can never be the teaching of a great religious and<br \/>\nphilosophical Scripture which sets out to solve the problem of life and action<br \/>\nfrom the&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font size=\"2\">Page &#8211; 33<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><\/font><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<p><span lang=\"en-gb\">very roots. And if that is what the Gita has to say on a most poignant moral and<br \/>\nspiritual problem, we must put it out of the list of the world&#8217;s Scriptures and<br \/>\nthrust it, if anywhere, then into our library of political science and ethical<br \/>\ncasuistry.<br \/>\n<\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">Undoubtedly, the Gita does, like the Upanishads, teach the equality which rises<br \/>\nabove sin and virtue, beyond good and evil, but only as a part of the Brahmic<br \/>\nconsciousness and for the man who is on the path and advanced enough to fulfil<br \/>\nthe supreme rule. It does not preach indifference to good and evil for the<br \/>\nordinary life of man, where such a doctrine would have the most pernicious<br \/>\nconsequences. On the contrary it affirms that the doers of evil shall not attain<br \/>\nto God. Therefore if Arjuna simply seeks to fulfil in the best way the ordinary<br \/>\nlaw of man&#8217;s life, disinterested performance of what he feels to be a sin, a<br \/>\nthing of Hell, will not help him, even though that sin be his duty as a soldier.<br \/>\nHe must refrain from what his conscience abhors though a thousand duties were<br \/>\nshattered to pieces. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">We must remember that duty is an idea which in practice rests upon social<br \/>\nconceptions. We may extend the term beyond its proper connotation and talk of<br \/>\nour duty to ourselves or we may, if we like, say in a transcendent sense that it<br \/>\nwas Buddha&#8217;s duty to abandon all, or even that it is the ascetic&#8217;s duty to sit<br \/>\nmotionless in a cave! But this is obviously to play with words. Duty is a<br \/>\nrelative term and depends upon our relation to others. It is a father&#8217;s duty, as<br \/>\na father, to nurture and educate his children; a lawyer&#8217;s to do his best for his<br \/>\nclient even if he knows him to be guilty and his defence to be a lie; a<br \/>\nsoldier&#8217;s to fight and shoot to order even if he kill his own kin and<br \/>\ncountrymen; a judge&#8217;s to send the guilty to prison and hang the murderer. And so<br \/>\nlong as these positions are accepted, the duty remains clear, a practical matter<br \/>\nof course even when it is not a point of honour or affection, and overrides the<br \/>\nabsolute religious or moral law. But what if the inner view is changed, if the<br \/>\nlawyer is awakened to the absolute sinfulness of falsehood, the judge becomes<br \/>\nconvinced that capital punishment is a crime against humanity, the man called<br \/>\nupon to the battlefield feels, like the conscientious objector of today or as a<br \/>\nTolstoy would feel, that&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font size=\"2\">Page &#8211; 34<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><\/font><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">in no circumstances is it permissible to take human life any more than to eat<br \/>\nhuman flesh? It is obvious that here the moral law which is above all relative<br \/>\nduties must prevail; and that law depends on no social relation or conception of<br \/>\nduty but on the awakened inner perception of man, the moral being. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">There are in the world, in fact, two different laws of conduct each valid on its<br \/>\nown plane, the rule principally dependent on external status and the rule<br \/>\nindependent of status and entirely dependent on the thought and conscience. The<br \/>\nGita does not teach us to subordinate the higher plane to the lower, it does not<br \/>\nask the awakened moral consciousness to slay itself on the altar of duty as a<br \/>\nsacrifice and victim to the law of the social status. It calls us higher and not<br \/>\nlower; from the conflict of the two planes it bids us ascend to a supreme poise<br \/>\nabove the mainly practical, above the purely ethical, to the Brahmic<br \/>\nconsciousness. It replaces the conception of social duty by a divine obligation.<br \/>\nThe subjection to external law gives place to a certain principle of inner<br \/>\nself-determination of action proceeding by the soul&#8217;s freedom from the tangled<br \/>\nlaw of works. And this, as we shall see,\u2014the Brahmic consciousness, the soul&#8217;s<br \/>\nfreedom from works and the determination of works in the nature by the Lord<br \/>\nwithin and above us,\u2014is the kernel of the Gita&#8217;s teaching with regard to<br \/>\naction. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">The Gita can only be understood, like any other great work of the kind, by<br \/>\nstudying it in its entirety and as a developing argument. But the modern<br \/>\ninterpreters, starting from the great writer Bankim Chandra Chatterji who first<br \/>\ngave to the Gita this new sense of a Gospel of Duty, have laid an almost<br \/>\nexclusive stress on the first three or four chapters and in those on the idea <i><br \/>\n&#729;<\/i><br \/>\nof equality, on the expression <i>kartavyam karma<\/i>, the work that is to be<br \/>\ndone, which they render by duty, and on the phrase &quot;Thou hast a right to action,<br \/>\nbut none to the fruits of action&quot; which<br \/>\nis now popularly quoted as the great word, <i>mah&#257;v&#257;kya<\/i>, of the Gita. The<br \/>\nrest of the eighteen chapters with their high philosophy are given a secondary<br \/>\nimportance, except indeed the great vision in the eleventh. This is natural<br \/>\nenough for the modern mind which is, or has been till yesterday, inclined to be<br \/>\nimpatient of&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font size=\"2\">Page &#8211; 35<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><\/font><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<p><span lang=\"en-gb\">metaphysical subtleties and far-off spiritual seekings, eager to get to work<br \/>\nand, like Arjuna himself, mainly concerned for a workable law of works, a <i><br \/>\ndharma<\/i>. But it is the wrong way to handle this Scripture.<br \/>\n<\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">The equality which the Gita preaches is not disinterestedness,\u2014the great<br \/>\ncommand to Arjuna given<br \/>\n<i>after <\/i>the foundation and main structure of the teaching have been laid<br \/>\nand built, &quot;Arise, slay thy enemies, enjoy a prosperous kingdom,&quot; has not the<br \/>\nring of an uncompromising altruism or of a white, dispassionate abnegation; it<br \/>\nis a state of inner poise and wideness which is the foundation of spiritual<br \/>\nfreedom. With that poise, in that freedom we have to do the &quot;work that is to be<br \/>\ndone,&quot; a phrase which the Gita uses with the greatest wideness including in it<br \/>\nall works, <i>sarvakarm&#257;n&#61477;i<\/i>, and which far exceeds, though it may include,<br \/>\nsocial duties or ethical obligations. What is the work to be done is not to be<br \/>\ndetermined by the individual choice; nor is the right to the action and the<br \/>\nrejection of claim to the fruit the great word of the Gita, but only a<br \/>\npreliminary word governing the first state of the disciple when he begins<br \/>\nascending the hill of Yoga. It is practically superseded at a subsequent stage.<br \/>\nFor the Gita goes on to affirm emphatically that the man is not the doer of the<br \/>\naction; it is Prakriti, it is Nature, it is the great Force with its three modes<br \/>\nof action that works through him, and he must learn to see that it is <i>not <\/i><br \/>\nhe who does the work. Therefore the &quot;right to action&quot; is an idea which is only<br \/>\nvalid so long as we are still under the illusion of being the doer; it must<br \/>\nnecessarily disappear from the mind like the claim to the fruit, as soon as we<br \/>\ncease to be to our own consciousness the doer of our works. All pragmatic<br \/>\negoism, whether of the claim to fruits or of the right to action, is then at an<br \/>\nend. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">But the determinism of Prakriti is not the last word of the Gita. The equality<br \/>\nof the will and the rejection of fruits are only means for entering with the<br \/>\nmind and the heart and the understanding into the divine consciousness and<br \/>\nliving in it; and the Gita expressly says that they are to be employed as a<br \/>\nmeans as long as the disciple is unable so to live or even to seek by practice<br \/>\nthe gradual development of this higher state. And&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font size=\"2\">Page &#8211; 36<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><\/font><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">what is this Divine, whom Krishna declares himself to be? It is the Purushottama<br \/>\nbeyond the Self that acts not, beyond the Prakriti that acts, foundation of the<br \/>\none, master of the other, the Lord of whom all is the manifestation, who even in<br \/>\nour present subjection to Maya sits in the heart of His creatures governing the<br \/>\nworks of Prakriti, He by whom the armies on the field of Kurukshetra have<br \/>\nalready been slain while yet they live and who uses Arjuna only as an instrument<br \/>\nor immediate occasion of this great slaughter. Prakriti is only His executive<br \/>\nforce. The disciple has to rise beyond this Force and its three<br \/>\n  modes or <i>gun<\/i><font size=\"2\"><i><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&#61477;<\/font><\/i><\/font><i>as<\/i>; he has to become <i><br \/>\ntrigun&#61477;&#257;t&#299;ta<\/i>. Not to<br \/>\nher has <\/p>\n<p> he to surrender his actions, over which he has no longer any claim or<br \/>\n&quot;right&quot;, but into the being of the Supreme. Reposing his mind and understanding,<br \/>\nheart and will in Him, with self-knowledge, with God-knowledge, with<br \/>\nworld-knowledge, with a perfect equality, a perfect devotion, an absolute<br \/>\nself-giving, he has to do works as an offering to the Master of all<br \/>\nself-energisings and all sacrifice. Identified in will, conscious with that<br \/>\nconsciousness, That shall decide and initiate the action. This is the solution<br \/>\nwhich the Divine Teacher offers to the disciple. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">What the great, the supreme word of the Gita is, its<br \/>\n<i>mah&#257;v&#257;kya<\/i>, we have not to seek; for the Gita itself declares it in its<br \/>\nlast utterance, the crowning note of the great diapason. &quot;With the Lord in thy<br \/>\nheart take refuge with all thy being; by His grace thou shalt attain to the<br \/>\nsupreme peace and the eternal status. So have I expounded to thee a knowledge<br \/>\nmore secret than that which is hidden. Further hear the most secret, the supreme<br \/>\nword that I shall speak to thee. Become my-minded, devoted to Me, to Me do<br \/>\nsacrifice and adoration; infallibly, thou shalt come to Me, for dear to me art<br \/>\nthou. Abandoning all laws of conduct seek refuge in Me alone. I will release<br \/>\nthee from all sin; do not grieve.&quot; <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">The argument of the Gita resolves itself into three great steps by which action<br \/>\nrises out of the human into the divine plane leaving the bondage of the lower<br \/>\nfor the liberty of a higher law. First, by the renunciation of desire and a<br \/>\nperfect equality works have to be done as a sacrifice by man as the doer, a<br \/>\nsacrifice to&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font size=\"2\">Page &#8211; 37<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><\/font><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<p><span lang=\"en-gb\">a deity who is the supreme and only Self though by him not yet realised in his<br \/>\nown being. This is the initial step. Secondly, not only the desire of the fruit,<br \/>\nbut the claim to be the doer of works has to be renounced in the realisation of<br \/>\nthe Self as the equal, the inactive, the immutable principle and of all works as<br \/>\nsimply the operation of universal Force, of the Nature-Soul, Prakriti, the<br \/>\nunequal, active, mutable power. Lastly, the supreme Self has to be seen as the<br \/>\nsupreme Purusha governing this Prakriti, of whom the soul in Nature is a partial<br \/>\nmanifestation, by whom all works are directed, in a perfect transcendence,<br \/>\nthrough Nature. To him love and adoration and the sacrifice of works have to be<br \/>\noffered; the whole being has to be surrendered to Him and the whole<br \/>\nconsciousness raised up to dwell in this divine consciousness so that the human<br \/>\nsoul may share in His divine transcendence of Nature and of His works and act in<br \/>\na perfect spiritual liberty. <\/span> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\">The first step is Karmayoga, the selfless sacrifice of works, and here the<br \/>\nGita&#8217;s insistence is on action. The second is Jnanayoga, the self-realisation<br \/>\nand knowledge of the true nature of the self and the world; and here the<br \/>\ninsistence is on knowledge; but the sacrifice of works continues and the path of<br \/>\nWorks becomes one with but does not disappear into the path of Knowledge. The<br \/>\nlast step is Bhaktiyoga, adoration and seeking of the supreme Self as the Divine<br \/>\nBeing, and here the insistence is on devotion; but the knowledge is not<br \/>\nsubordinated, only raised, vitalised and fulfilled, and still the sacrifice of<br \/>\nworks continues; the double path becomes the triune way of knowledge, works and<br \/>\ndevotion. And the fruit of the sacrifice, the one fruit still placed before the<br \/>\nseeker, is attained, union with the divine Being and oneness with the supreme<br \/>\ndivine nature. <\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"text-indent: 0pt;line-height: 150%;margin-left: 0pt;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n\t\t\t<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font size=\"2\">Page &#8211; 38<\/font><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IV &nbsp; The Core of the Teaching &nbsp; WE KNOW the divine Teacher, we see the human disciple; it remains to form a clear conception&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-19-essays-on-the-gita","wpcat-47-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2237"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2237\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}