{"id":2614,"date":"2013-07-13T01:42:46","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:42:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=2614"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:42:46","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:42:46","slug":"43-the-science-of-consciousness-vol-12-essays-divine-and-human","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/03-cwsa\/12-essays-divine-and-human\/43-the-science-of-consciousness-vol-12-essays-divine-and-human","title":{"rendered":"-43_The Science of Consciousness.html"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The Science of Consciousness <\/b><\/span><\/font><\/p>\n

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Vedantic Psychology
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102 <\/b>
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Body, brain, nervous system are instruments of consciousness,
\nthey are not its causes.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

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Consciousness is its own cause, a producer of objects and
\nimages and not their product. We are blinded to this truth because when we think of consciousness, it is of the individual we
\nthink.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

We look at the world in the way and speak of it in the
\nterms of individual consciousness; but it is of the universal consciousness that the world is a creation.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

The individual participates subconsciently and superconsciently in the universal consciousness. But the embodied individual in his physical or waking mind does not so much participate as arrive at participation. He is not directly part of it,
\nbut reproduces it by a partial indirect action, and in reproducing selects and varies, combines, discombines, new combines and
\ndevelops his selections.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

In the body his waking mind receives its impressions from
\nthe outside world and reacts upon them. Body and nerves are his instrument for the impressions and the reaction; therefore all
\ntheir apparent instrumentation is nervous, physical, atomically combined, a physiological apparatus for a battery of nervous
\nenergy.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Physical, nervous and sensory impressions are the means by
\nwhich this individual is induced to put himself into waking relations with the physical universe. Physical, nervous and sensory
\nreactions are his means for entering into that relation.
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He,\u2014but who is he? The mental being in his mentality.
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Who is it that feels himself to be separate from the world or things in the universe to be outside his being? Not the Spirit, for
\nthe Spirit contains the universe, creates and combines all relations. All personalities act in the one spirit, as our own multiple
\npersonalities act in one being. Spiritual being is their continent, they are not its constituents, but its outer results and the diverse
\nrepresentative selves of its consciousness and action.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Not, either, the supramental being. For the supramental being is one with the spirit in its original or basic consciousness, in its idea-consciousness it is ideally comprehensive of cosmic
\nthings or, if we must speak in terms of space, commensurate with the universe. The supramental being with one action of
\nhis Idea-self can regard universal being as his object of will and knowledge. That attitude is the seed of mind. It can regard
\nit as contained in itself and itself contained in it, and in that way know and govern it. But it can too, like Spirit in its real
\naction know all things by identity and govern all things by identity. Externality of being does not enter into supramental
\nexperience.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

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Supermind can see mind externalising objects; it can itself
\ntake a particular viewpoint fronting objects but it is in itself that it fronts them, as we front our subjective operations in mind. It
\ndoes not regard them as something outside its own being, as we regard physically objects.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Mind is a delegation from supermind, which primarily regards existence as an object fronting its vision. Mental being also
\nneed not regard the universe as quite separate from or outside its own being. Subliminal mentality is capable by extension of a
\ncomprehensive relation with cosmic things and of entering into unity with the universe. Mind’s starting-point is not a containing
\nuniversal vision or a knowledge by identity, but an individualised viewpoint from which it sees the universe. Still mind can arrive at
\na sort of containing vision, a mentalised cosmic consciousness.
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\n

What then compels embodied mind to see objects externally and by separation? It is compelled by the fact of physical embodiment. Body is a self-limitation of conscious being by
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which mind is rigidly bound down to its own tendency of
\nseparative individuation.
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Body, including all physical formations from the atom upwards, is a device of Nature for the extreme of conscious individuation. Empirically it is immaterial whether it is an image
\ncreated by consciousness or a real substance of being. For practical purposes we may take it as a substantial formation. In fact
\nbody is a knot of conscious being built up by its own energy, instinct with nervous or subnervous life,\u2014because the energy
\nis in dynamic actuality a living energy\u2014cognizing and cognized by subconscious or superficially conscious sense, because
\nthe energy is in a certain inherent reality a conscious energy. It is a knot indivisible in reality from universal Consciousness
\nand Force and Substance but in a certain empirical utility of selective action separative rather than separate. Body, not really
\nseparate, is limited by subconscious instinct of separation and energetic tendency of separation, but not capable of effecting real
\nseparation. All its movements are a practical result of selective experience and selective action which is based on a phenomenon
\nof separate physical being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Body is separated from other bodies by intervention of
\nuniversal matter, but both of the separate bodies are one with the indivisible intervening matter, therefore not separate in reality, but indivisibly connected in energy, and one matter in fundamental reality.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Put otherwise, two bodies are images or formations of one indivisible ethereal space, which is in reality one indivisible
\nmovement of material energy, life-energy, mind energy.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

This inseparable connection and fundamental unity of
\nbodies become of immense importance when we examine the relation of the appearances of consciousness to its reality.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Mind in body has to begin from the separation proper to body. Embodied mind is bound down in its root-action to a
\nseparative view of the universe. This is its waking view; subliminally, whether in subconscious mentality or where it approaches
\nor touches the superconscient being, it is capable of bridging the artificial separation.
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Taking this separative basis of waking consciousness for
\nitself and for a reality, the house of imprisoned awareness from which it looks at the world, it is bound to see objects as external
\nto this awareness and this conscious vision. Embodied mind is as if a walled house were to have a thinking soul and spirit
\n(air and ether) and look at things not in itself as things outside through windows (the senses), receive the touches of the outside
\nair (nervous life-impacts) as if other than the air in itself; even its own ether as other than the rest of ether (my soul and other
\nsouls). This is the self and not-self of our mentality.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Mind subliminal is able, though not normally habituated,
\nto bridge the gulf between self and not-self; where it approaches the superconscient, this gulf lessens and conscience of oneness
\ngrows upon the being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Body is only the instrument and basis of this extreme separative individuation, not its first cause. Mind itself is a prior cause; but mentality in itself need not be rigidly separative: especially,
\nsubliminal mind has a large integrating power. Mind in itself is only the basis of a relatively separative plurality; mind in
\nbody increases this relation into a phenomenon of absolutely separative plurality.
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\n

From this basis of externalising individuation and separative plurality waking mental consciousness in the physical universe
\ncommences its operations.
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103<\/b>
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Psychology is the knowledge of consciousness and its operations.
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A complete psychology must be a complex of the science
\nof mind, its operations and its relations to life and body with intuitive and experimental knowledge of the nature of mind and
\nits relations to supermind and spirit.
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\n

A complete psychology cannot be a pure natural science, but
\nmust be a compound of science and metaphysical knowledge.
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This necessity arises from the difference between natural or
\nphysical sciences and psychology.
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A physical science is a knowledge of physical processes
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which leads inevitably to action and use of physical processes.
\nThe scientist may only regard scientific truth and not utility; but he can find only truth of the process of things, not truth of the
\nnature of things. His discoveries bring about inevitably an utility for action; for all truth of process is an utility for action. Even
\nwhen not the aim of science, process and utility are the soul and body of physical science. Matter itself is only an utility of Spirit
\nor Being or Nature for physical process and action. Material energy is an instrumental dynamis for that utility or else an
\noriginal dynamis which has no other sense of its operations. We get beyond to a higher sense only when [we] get beyond
\nmaterial to mental, psychical and spiritual energy, to mind, soul and spirit.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Debateable it is whether if we knew the real essence of Matter and the basic, not only the apparent, relations of mind,
\nsoul and spirit to matter and material operations, we could not arrive at an infinitely more potent use of physical process
\nand operations. But in any case these things cannot be discovered by physical science; it has its limits and cannot exceed its
\nlimits.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Psychology may begin as a natural science, but it deals
\nalready with superphysical and must end in a metaphysical enquiry. If one side of the process it studies and its method of enquiry is physical, the other and more important is non-physical; it is a direct observation of mental operations by mind without
\nany regard to their physiological meaning, support, substratum or instrumentation.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

If this is in the first place a study of process and involves an utility for psychological action, yet what it leads to inevitably
\nis not that action but an enquiry into the nature of mental consciousness.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

This necessity arises from the immediate perception by mind of something beyond and behind its operations, some energy of
\nhidden consciousness greater than our apparent mentality. To know what that is, we have to resort to a metaphysical enquiry.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Consciousness is itself found to be not essentially a process,\u2014although in mind it appears as a process, but the very
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nature of self-existent being. Being or the Self of things can
\nonly be known by metaphysical\u2014not necessarily intellectual\u2014knowledge.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

This self-knowledge has two inseparable aspects, a psychological knowledge of the process of Being, a metaphysical
\nknowledge of its principles and essentiality.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

We find that one of these principles of being is energy. Energy
\nis an eternal and inherent power of conscious being. Since all energy is convertible to action, this knowledge also contains a
\nside of psychological and spiritual utility,\u2014eventually perhaps even, since life and body are results of the energy of being and
\nsupports of its action, of vital and physical utility.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Two great utilities open before psychology. We may acquire
\nthe possibility of a greater being, consciousness and energy. We may open up the possibility and discover the psychical means
\nor process [of] becoming consciously one with our original self-existent Being, with God, the Absolute, the Transcendence. To
\nlead up to these possibilities is the aim of Vedantic psychology. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

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104<\/b>
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All psychology must result in and every complete statement of psychological truth must have for its frame a double schema of
\nexistence into which the facts it deals with must fall, a descending scale and an ascending scale.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

The simplest elementary psychology deals with three notes of a limited scale,\u2014the body and physical field and its impacts,
\nthe life and body and biological and physiological processes, the mental being and its conscious experience and action. This is a
\nscale of ascension.
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The nature of the physical field is the first fact; it determines everything else; it gives the impacts which awaken the consciousness, the impressions, images, subjects which are its matter, the starting-point and basis of all its conceptions, the body which is
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its support, instrument, fulcrum of action, the physical occasion
\nof the sense of self.
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\tEverything appears to be in the body or by the body and
\neither for the body or for the I-sense in the body.
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\n

\t\tThe body seems to be the principal if not the only cause or
\ndeterminant of individual consciousness.
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\tWhat is not of the body is of the physical field outside the
\nbody.
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\tWhatever in consciousness seems not to be of the physical field, yet appears to be derived from it, to be a resultant, development or deformation from physical experience.
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The life in the body is the necessary modification of the first fact
\nof material being, without whose intervention consciousness is unable to manifest in any material form. The atom is a form
\nof matter, the stone is a material body, but life in these things is either nil or not developed to the point where manifestation
\nof consciousness becomes possible. Consciousness in the atom and the stone is either latent, non-manifest to us, suppressed,
\npotential or nil.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Life in any degree is not sufficient for the manifestation of
\nmental consciousness. A certain high degree of it or else a certain indispensable kind of organisation is needed for this third tone
\nof the scale. Plants are living, even in a degree intensely living, they have a nervous organisation, but consciousness is either
\nnil or latent, non-manifest at least to us, suppressed or else of another kind than ours, a submental nervous consciousness and
\nnot mentality.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Life supplies certain biological conditions and certain physiological processes which physically underlie the operations of conscious mental being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Life gives the intermediate dynamic link between mind and body.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Life has two operations which serve the purpose of mentality, a necessary life power in a nervous apparatus and a capacity
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of instrumental development and modification. Without the
\npower of life in the nervous apparatus consciousness in the body is impossible; without the power of developing modifications it
\nmight exist as in the lower animals, but it could not expand as in man.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

The nervous apparatus is the initial biological fact necessary to mentality. Life power consists not of the nervous system,
\nwhich is a physical element, but of a new power or energy of which the system is the vehicle,\u2014the power of nervous communication, nervous charge, nervous discharge. This power is not sufficient to create mentality, for the plant too possesses
\nthem, yet does not appear to be a mental being, but it is the first condition of embodied mentality.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

A power of biological and physiological development is the secondary, continuative factor necessary to farther evolution of
\nmentality. Once the nervous vital power appears in material body, it shows a biological power of developing a more complex
\nphysical instrumentation for a more complex nervous activity. Once it has attained a certain complexity of physical instrumentation, life seems able indefinitely to refine in some subtle way its action of nervous power so as to support a more and more
\nfine and complex action of mentality.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

How far this development of mentality can go and how far
\nit is dependent on the physical apparatus and the nervous action is one of the capital questions of psychology.
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Mental being, power and operation of mental consciousness is
\nthe third note of the scale of being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Mind cannot certainly be said to be constituted of life and
\nbody, nervous action and reaction in a physical body. Nervous action does not appear to constitute of itself consciousness, any
\nmore than physical impact and consequent atomic disturbance appears of itself to constitute nervous action. As a correspondent or resultant nervous communication, charge and discharge is necessary to manifest life, so a resultant or correspondent
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conscious action,\u2014sensation, perception, thought, conscious
\nmotiving impulsion, desire, intention, will,\u2014are necessary to manifest mind.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

\tMind may or may not be an exact result, reflection or correspondence of life action in body, life thinking itself out in body,
\nbody living and thinking out its experience in mind, but it is not the same thing as life and body.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

\tLife is a new or second power emerging from or in material energy. Mind is a new or third power emerging from or in the
\nlife-energy.
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\n

But this is only the ascending scale.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Mind is not only awakened by life-action in the body at a
\ncertain evolutionary pitch of its operations; mind reacts upon and in certain ways uses, for its own characteristic purpose,
\nmodifies by its will to act and increase the life action and the ways of the body.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Mind is not limited in its thoughts by the life and body. There is an action in it which is more than a creative stress
\nof life, an attempt to image supraphysical realities, which we may dismiss as an illusion or a result of abnormal physiological
\nstates, but may also follow as first clues to a greater truth and possibly a higher tone or tones of the scale of being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

In that case, mind appears as a larger thing than life and material being. Though apparently an evolution from life and
\nthe body, it may have been in reality a prior power, life and body only its occasions and means for self-manifestation on the
\nmaterial plane of being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

At any rate, psychology has to regard the scale not only from
\nthe upward point of view of body creating life, life creating mind, but from the downward point of view of mind creating new life
\nin body.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Evidently mind is a greater thing, higher than life and body.
\nIn that case, besides the ascending scale of the lower rising to a highest possibility, we must regard a possibility of the descending
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scale, the highest reality involving itself in the lower conditions
\nof being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

But the question arises whether mind itself is the highest
\npossibility or the highest reality[.]
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\n

Vedantic psychology explores the idea and intuition of a higher reality than mind.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

The intuition can only be verified by psychological experience exceeding the normal action of mind. This experience may
\nlead to constantly ascending intuitions verified by an ascent of experience to some summit of being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Beyond mind psychological experience finds another power of energy, another note in the scale of being. This we will call the
\nsupermind. This supermind lives and acts natively in a domain of experience of which the mind becomes aware by a reflective
\nexperience and calls vaguely spirit or spiritual being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Spirit is found to have three tones of its being. Triune,
\nit makes each successively a power of its energy, a status of spiritual experience and form of its action. Triune, they are
\ninseparable, but one or other can be so stressed as to appear a leading principle.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

But we have to note three essential facts about spirit:\u2014<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Spirit is infinite consciousness, even when it dwells upon
\nfinite formulations of conscious being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Awareness of spirit is infinite self-awareness.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

All its three essential principles must have this character of infinity.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Infinite self-conscious bliss is the first; infinite self-conscious conscious energy is the second; infinite self-conscious existence
\nthe third principle of spirit. Existence, consciousness, bliss are the three tones of infinity, the three basic colours of the Absolute.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

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\n

The ascending scale of being presents then seven notes, matter,
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\n

\n

life, mind, supermind, bliss self, self of conscious energy, self of
\nprimary conscious existence.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

But the experience we get as we ascend in the scale leads
\nus to the discovery that what in evolution appears subsequent is prior in reality. Life evolves in matter, but was
\n\tpre-existent to
\nmatter, latent, omnipresent, waiting for matter to be ready to be manifest\u2014which it does when the movement of energy reaches
\na certain intensity. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Mind evolves in embodied life, but was pre-existent to matter
\nand life, latent, omnipresent, involved, a hidden cause of action waiting for life and matter to be ready for its manifestation
\nwhich comes when the movement of energy has reached a greater intensity. So supermind is prior to mind, latent, omnipresent, involved even in matter and life, a hidden cause of action and waits for mind to be ready for its manifestation, and since supermind
\nacts only in spirit spirit too must be there latent, omnipresent, involved, a hidden cause of action. But spirit is not dependent on
\nthe evolution of supermind for its manifestation; it can appear to our mentality, to our life-consciousness, even to our physical
\nmind. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

The true nature and rationale of this priority appear in
\nthe descending scale. There we see the true development of the universe.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Spirit of self-being develops self of conscious energy which supports its self of cosmic bliss, which acts on the finite by supermind, which offers its differentiations to mind, relates them in life, fixes them phenomenally in body of material substance.
\nThis is the descending scale by which universe is created or made sensible to embodied soul.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

But in the material world, all is first involved in matter and has to find itself by a development from material being and with
\nmaterial being as its support and basis. The evolving process of this self-discovery of the universal existence produces the
\nphenomenon of evolution of higher and greater from lower and lesser principles which we call the ascending scale of being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

This phenomenon baffling now to the reason becomes a
\n\tself-evident proposition when we observe the descending scale and
\n    <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 312<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

find involution to have preceded evolution. The phenomenon
\narises inevitably from the nature of our being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

*
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Schema of being has to be formulated from these two points of view, the results, though data of experience, being at first taken
\nas a working hypothesis, subject to verification. We follow actually the ascending scale, but the descending scale has first to be
\nshown, as otherwise the possible explanations of psychological phenomenon which result from this line of experience, would
\nbe unintelligible and would have either to be excluded or the whole enquiry restated in altered detail in the end.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

All questions of the reality or unreality of the world, its fundamental or ultimate purpose or want of purpose, the destiny
\nof the soul, must be left over till the psychological data have been understood. To proceed otherwise would be to determine them
\nby metaphysical reasoning; but the object before us is to arrive at them by the road of psychology.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

The whole psychology of Vedanta depends upon this double scale and without it could have no complete scientific verification. Because it exists experience of consciousness can give a clue to the nature of world existence. Metaphysical reasoning
\nby itself could only give us philosophical opinions, psychological verification makes Vedantic truth a firm guide in life. It gives us
\na tangible ladder of ascension by which we rise to our highest truth of being[.]
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

105<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

The knowledge at which psychology arrives in its largest generalisations, is that there is one absolute and indefinable Reality which we call for psychological purposes the Self one, indivisible
\nand common to all existence which manifests itself with an infinite variety in the universe and that every soul is an individual
\npersonality\u2014we will use the word for want of a better\u2014of that Self manifesting itself with a variety not precisely infinite,
\n   
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 313<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

but indefinite, but in accordance with its individual nature which
\nprovides the principle of harmony, regulates the variety, casts it into a certain mould of unity. All existence is one, but with a
\nconstantly active principle of variation and individuation. There is a universal nature of things, but man while abiding within
\nthe principles of that nature, has also a nature of his own which distinguishes him from the animal and from lower forms of
\nlife. There is therefore this general individuality of Man which the totality of mankind represents in its full play of oneness
\nand variety. Within that general individuality there are typal, racial, national, class individualities and each man has his own
\nindividual nature, one indeed in its general basis and materials with general human nature and with his type, race, class, nation,
\nbut yet possessed of its own principle of particular individuation. It is this which reigns in his mentality, vital being, physical being
\nand stamps itself upon them, but in itself it is neither mental, vital nor physical, but proceeds from a secret principle superior
\nto all these; mind, life and body are only means and values of his self-expression. So is it with every community, nation or other
\nnatural grouping of men.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

Towards a True Scientific Psychology
\n<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

106 <\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\tWhen the ancient thinkers of India set themselves to study the
\nsoul of man in themselves and others, they, unlike any other nation or school of early thought, proceeded at once to a process
\nwhich resembles exactly enough the process adopted by modern science in its study of physical phenomena. For their object
\nwas to study, arrange and utilise the forms, forces and working movements of consciousness, just as the modern physical Sciences study, arrange and utilise the forms, forces and working movements of objective Matter. The material with which they
\nhad to deal was more subtle, flexible and versatile than the most   
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 314<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

impalpable forces of which the physical Sciences have become
\naware; its motions were more elusive, its processes harder to fix; but once grasped and ascertained, the movements of consciousness were found by Vedic psychologists to be in their process and activity as regular, manageable and utilisable as the movements
\nof physical forces. The powers of the soul can be as perfectly handled and as safely, methodically and puissantly directed to
\npractical life-purposes of joy, power and light as the modern power of electricity can be used for human comfort, industrial
\nand locomotive power and physical illumination; but the results to which they give room and effect are more wonderful and
\nmomentous than the results of motor-power and electric luminosity. For there is no difference of essential law in the physical
\nand the psychical, but only a difference and undoubtedly a great difference of energy, instrumentation and exact process.
\nThe Supreme Existence which expresses itself equally in soul and matter, moves upon one fundamental principle on all its
\nsevenfold levels, and even by one set of medial processes, but It varies their minute arrangement and organic functioning to suit
\nthe material which it is using and the objective which it has set before Itself in Its divine movement.
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Exact observation and untrammelled, yet scrupulous experiment are the method of every true Science. Not mere observation by itself\u2014for without experiment, without analysis and new-combination observation leads to a limited and erroneous
\nknowledge; often it generates an empirical classification which does not in the least deserve the name of science. The old European system of psychology was just such a pseudo-scientific system. Its observations were superficial, its terms and classification arbitrary, its aim and spirit abstract, empty and scholastic. In modern times a different system and method are being
\nfounded; but the vices of the old system persist. The observations made have been incoherent, partial or morbid and abnormal; the
\ngeneralisations are far too wide for their meagre substratum of observed data; the abstract & scholastic use of psychological
\nterms and the old metaphysical ideas of psychological processes still bandage the eyes of the infant knowledge, mar its truth and
\n   
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 315<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

hamper its progress. These old errors are strangely entwined
\nwith a new fallacy which threatens to vitiate the whole enquiry,\u2014the fallacy of the materialistic prepossession.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

107<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\tPsychology ought to be rather than is the science of consciousness and of the motions of consciousness as distinguished from the science of form and of the motions of form. We are dealing, therefore, in psychology with a more subtle, flexible and versatile material than in the physical sciences; its motions are
\nmore elusive, its processes harder to fix; but when once grasped and ascertained, its laws and activities are found to be quite as
\nregular, manageable and utilisable as the processes of physical Nature. They give room to even more wonderful and momentous results. There is no difference of essential law in the physical & psychical, but a great difference of instrumentation and exact
\nprocess. For the Supreme Existence moves on one fundamental principle or one set of principles in all its manifestations, but
\nvaries its organic arrangement and functioning of the principles to suit the material which It is using & the objective which It
\nintends to reach. In both fields observation & experiment are the only sound foundation of knowledge. But observation without
\nexperiment leads only to a limited and erroneous science, often to an empirical system of surface rules which do not deserve the
\nname of science at all. It is this defect which has so long kept European psychology in the status of a pseudo-science; and, even
\nnow when real observation has begun & experimentation of an elementary kind is being attempted, the vices of the perishing sciolism mar and hamper this infant knowledge. It has not rid itself of all its old scholastic swaddling clothes; therefore it still walks
\non all fours and cannot yet learn to stand up erect and walk.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

108<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Psychology is the science of consciousness and its status and operations in Nature and, if that can be glimpsed or experienced,
\n   
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 316<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

its status and operations beyond what we know as Nature.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

It is not enough to observe and know the movements of our surface nature and the superficial nature of other living creatures
\njust as it [is] not enough for Science to observe and know as electricity only the movements of lightning in the clouds or for
\nthe astronomer to observe and know only those movements and properties of the stars that are visible to the unaided eye. Here
\nas there a whole world of occult phenomena have to be laid bare and brought under control before the psychologist can hope to
\nbe master of his province.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Our observable consciousness, that which we call ourselves,
\nis only the little visible part of our being. It is a small field below which are depths and farther depths and widths and ever wider
\nwidths which support and supply it but to which it has no visible access. All that is our self, our being,\u2014what we see at the top
\nis only our ego and its visible nature.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Even the movements of this little surface nature cannot be
\nunderstood nor its true law discovered until we know all that is below or behind and supplies it\u2014and know too all that is
\naround it and above.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

For below this conscient nature is the vast Inconscient out
\nof which we come. The Inconscient is greater, deeper, more original, more potent to shape and govern what we are and do
\nthan our little derivative conscient nature. Inconscient to us, to our surface view, but not inconscient in itself or to itself it is a
\nsovereign guide, worker, determinant, creator. Not to know it is not to know our nether origins and the origin of the most part
\nof what we are and do.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

And the Inconscient is not all. For behind our little frontal
\nego and nature is a whole subliminal kingdom of inner consciousness with many planes and provinces. There are in that
\nkingdom many powers, movements, personalities which are part of ourselves and help to form our little surface personality and
\nits powers and movements. This inner self, these inner persons we do not know, but they know us and observe and dictate our
\nspeech, our thoughts, feelings, doings even more directly than the Inconscient below us.
\n   
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 317<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

Around us too is a circumconscient Universal of which we
\nare a portion. This Circumconscience is pouring its forces, suggestions, stimulus, compulsions into us at every moment of our
\nexistence. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Around us is a universal Mind of which our mind is a formation and our thoughts, feelings, will, impulses are continually little more than a personally modified reception and transcription of its thought-waves, its force-currents, its foam of emotion and sensation, its billows of impulse.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Around us is a permanent universal life of which our petty flow of life-formation that begins and ceases is only a small
\ndynamic wave.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

109<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Psychology is the science of Consciousness; it is the knowledge of its nature, its processes and the aim or results of its processes,
\nits law or laws of being, its habitat and instruments, its what, why, where, whence and whither.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

But what is consciousness and can there be a science of consciousness? We are not in presence of a body of concrete,
\nvisible or sensible facts, verifiable by all, which form an indisputable starting-point, are subject to experiment and proof,
\nwhere theories can be tested at every point and discarded if they do not accord with the facts, with all the facts. The data here
\nare subjective, fluid, elusive. They do not subject themselves to exact instruments, can lend themselves to varying theories, do
\nnot afford proofs easily verifiable by all. Their presentation is difficult and can hardly be more than scanty and often infantile
\nin their insufficiency. Theories are numerous, but few or none have any solidity or permanence.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

To understand the psychology of others we depend upon our observation of them and our own interpretation of the
\nmovements we observe and our comparison with our own psychological actions and reactions. But our observation is limited
\nby the fact that what we observe is not the psychological events we wish to study but signs of speech, action, facial or bodily
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 318<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t\t\texpression which seem to us to indicate them; but it is still more
\nlimited by the possibility of error in our observation and still more in our interpretation. Errors of wrong attribution, exaggeration, diminution, false [?evidence], false valuation, crop up at every turn; indeed, the whole observation may be nothing but
\nerror, the interpretation purely personal and mistaken. Comparison with ourselves may be a fruitful fountain of mistakes; there
\nis no doubt a general similarity in the mass of human reactions, but the differences and variations are also marked and striking;
\nthere is here no source of certitude.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t A direct experiential and experimental psychology seems to
\nbe demanded if psychology is to be a science and not merely a mass of elementary and superficial generalisations with all the
\nrest guesswork or uncertain conclusion or inference. We must see, feel, know directly what we observe; our interpretations
\nmust be capable of being sure and indubitable; we must be able to work surely on a ground of sure knowledge.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t  <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t * \t\t<\/span> \t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t  <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t Modern psychologists have aimed at certitude in their knowledge, have found it or thought they found it by mixing up psychology and physiology; our physiological processes are supposed to be not only the instrumentation or an instrumentation of our consciousness, but the base or constituents of our psychological processes. But by this method we can only arrive at an extended physiological, not at a true psychological knowledge.
\nWe learn that there is a physical instrumentation by which physical things and their contacts work upon our consciousness,
\nreach it through the nerves and the brain and awake certain reactions in it which may however vary with the brain and the
\nconsciousness contacted; we learn that the consciousness uses certain physiological processes as well as physical means to act
\nupon outward things and conditions; we learn too that physical conditions have an action upon our state of consciousness and
\nits functionings. But all this was to be expected, since we are a consciousness embodied and not disincarnate, acting through a
\n   
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 319<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

body and with a body as a habitation and instrument and not a
\npure consciousness acting in its own right[.]
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

Yogic Psychology
\n<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

110 <\/b><\/span><\/font>
\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\tThe problem of consciousness can only be solved if we go back
\nto a radical state of our existence in which things get back to their reality. For there they are no longer a mass of phenomena
\nwhich have to be cleared up, classified, organised by the perceptions, conceptions and relative logic of the human intellect.
\nThese perceptions, these concepts, this logic belong to an imperfect instrument and the arrangements they make can only be
\nprovisional and, at that, one-sided and only half-true or a good deal less than half-true\u2014and even that truth is of an inferior
\nkind, a constructed representation and not truth itself in its own nature. In fact the intellect sees only the phenomenon, it cannot
\ngo back behind it; when it tries, it only arrives at other and more occult phenomena. The truth of things can only be perceived
\nwhen one gets to what may be called summarily the spiritual vision of things and even there completely only when there is
\nnot only vision but direct experience in the very substance of one’s own being and all being.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

111<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\tConsciousness is not an unaccountable freak or a chance growth
\nor a temporary accident in a material and inconscient universe.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

It may so appear on the surface and physical science, since
\nby its very terms it is limited to the examination of appearances and must start from the surface phenomenon, may choose or
\nmay have no alternative but to treat it on that basis. But surface appearances are not the reality of things, they may be a part
\nof the truth but they are not the whole reality. One must look   
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 320<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

beyond the external appearances of things before one can know
\nthings in themselves: especially first appearances are apt to be deceptive. It is not by regarding a flash of lightning as a chance
\nebullition of fiery temper in a cloud that one can know the truth of electricity. We must go far and dig deep before we
\ncan get at the truth about the Force that manifested the lightning. Consciousness may similarly appear as a phenomenon, an
\noutbreak of sentience in the obscurity of an originally nescient being; but we must go far beyond that specious appearance if we
\nwould know the true nature and origin and discover the entire possibilities of this apparently strange and anomalous force. For
\nanomalous it is, since it occurs in a fundamentally inconscient universe of Matter and strange and curious it is in its reactions,
\naberrations, workings, destiny.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Physical science\u2014and psychology in its present methods is
\nonly an extension of physical science\u2014conducts its search into things from down upwards; it regards Matter as the foundation
\nand the bottom of things and having searched into that foundation, got as it thinks to the very bottom, it believes, or once
\nbelieved, it has by that very fact understood their depths, their centre, their height and top. But this is a naive error. The truth
\nof things is in their depths or at their centre and even at their top. The truth of consciousness also is to be found at its top and
\nin its depths or at its centre; but when we enter into the depths of consciousness or when we try to reach its centre, we go off
\ninto trance and likewise before we get to its top, we go off into trance.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

Our searches into Matter also are vitiated by the fact that in Matter consciousness is in a trance and gives no apparent
\nresponse to our probings. In living Matter, not yet mental, still subconscious, it does give sometimes a reply, but not one that
\nwe can understand, and, as for mind in the animal, it is only consciousness half awakened out of the original trance of inconscient Matter: even in the human being it starts from an original nescience, its expressions, its data, all that we can ordinarily observe of it, are the movements of Ignorance fumbling for knowledge. We cannot understand from these alone what
\n   
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 321<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

consciousness really is nor discover its source or its supreme
\npossibilities or its limits, if indeed it has any limits and is not like being itself infinite and illimitable. Only if we can get away from
\nthis imperfection and ignorance to some top of its possibilities or to its latent depths or some hidden centre, can we discover its
\ntrue nature and through it the very self and reality of our being.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

\tHow do we know that there is a top to consciousness or an
\ninner centre, since these are not apparent on the face of things? By its supernormal, not its normal manifestations and phenomena, for the top of things is always supernormal, it is only the bottom and what is near to the bottom that are normal, at
\nany rate to our ordinary consciousness in the material universe. Especially we can know by the supernormal becoming normal
\nto us\u2014by Yoga.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

112<\/b>
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

I mean by Yogic psychology an examination of the nature and movements of consciousness as they are revealed to us by the
\nprocesses and results of Yoga.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

This definition at once takes us out of the field of ordinary
\npsychology and extends the range of our observation to an immense mass of facts and experiments which exceed the common
\nsurface and limited range very much as the vastly extended range of observation of Science exceeds that of the common
\nman looking at natural external phenomena only with the help [of] his unaided mind and senses. The field of Yoga is practically
\nunlimited and its processes and instrumentation have a plasticity and adaptability and power of expansion to which it is difficult
\nto see or set any limit.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

It is true that modern psychology has probed the internal law
\nof living matter and consciousness and arrived at results which are remarkable but limited and fundamentally inconclusive. We
\nknow from it that the movements of consciousness are affected and on a certain side determined by the functioning of the physical organs. But still the nature, origin and laws of consciousness remain unknown; all that has been proved is that the body
\n   
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 322<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n

provides for it an engine or instrumentation for its manifestation
\nin living physical bodies and that certain lesions, alterations or deteriorations of the engine may lead to considerable or serious
\nresults in the functioning of the embodied consciousness. This was to be expected and can at once be conceded; but there is no
\nproof that consciousness is a function of matter or that it was originated by the chemical or biological processes of the body
\nor that it perishes with the dissolution of life in the body. The cessation of its functioning in the body at death proves nothing,
\nfor that was to be expected whatever the origin of consciousness or its fundamental nature. Its disappearance may be a departure,
\na disappearance from the body, but not a disappearance from existence.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

It is true also that modern inquiry probing into psychological (as opposed to physiological) phenomena has discovered
\ncertain truths that are equally discovered by Yogic process, the role of the subconscient, the subliminal, double or multiple personality; but its observations in these fields are of an extremely groping and initial character and one does not see easily how it
\ncan arrive at the same largeness of results here as in physiology, physics, chemistry or other departments of physical Science.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

It is only by Yoga process that one can arrive at an instrumentation which will drive large wide roads into the psychological Unknown and not only obscure and narrow tunnels. The field of psychology needs a direct inner psychological instrumentation
\nby which we can arrive at sure data and sure results in ourselves verified [by] equally sure data [and] results in our observation
\nof others and of the hidden psychological world and its play of unseen forces. The physical is the outwardly seen and sensed
\nand needs physical instruments for its exploration; the psychological is the physically unseen and unsensed, to be discovered
\nonly by an organisation of the inward senses and other now undeveloped and occult means. It is through consciousness, by
\nan instrumentation of consciousness only that the nature and laws and movements of consciousness can be discovered\u2014and
\nthis is the method of Yoga.   <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPage \u2013 323<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\t\t\t<\/font><\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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