{"id":2702,"date":"2013-07-13T01:43:20","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:43:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=2702"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:43:20","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:43:20","slug":"240-note-on-the-texts-vol-06-07-bande-mataram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/03-cwsa\/06-07-bande-mataram\/240-note-on-the-texts-vol-06-07-bande-mataram","title":{"rendered":"-240_Note on the Texts.html"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n\n
\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\tNote on the Texts
\n\t<\/font><\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBANDE<\/font> MATARAM<\/font>: POLITICAL<\/font> WRITINGS AND<\/font> SPEECHES<\/font>
\n\t1890 \u00ad 1908
\nincludes all of Sri Aurobindo’s surviving political writings and speeches
\nfrom the years before his arrest in May 1908. Political writings and speeches from the period after his imprisonment are published in
\nKarmayogin: Political Writings and Speeches 1909 \u00ad 1910<\/i>, volume 8 of THE
\n\t<\/font>COMPLETE<\/font> WORKS OF<\/font> SRI<\/font> AUROBINDO<\/font>.
\n\t<\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe bulk of the present volumes consists of articles published in the newspaper
\nBande Mataram <\/i>in 1906, 1907
\nand 1908. They
\nalso include writings and a resolution from before the Bande Mataram <\/i> period, speeches delivered during that period, writings from that period
\nnot published during the author’s lifetime and, in four appendixes, writings and jottings connected with the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>, documents
\nrelating to the organisation of the Nationalist Party, and an interview. <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\tHISTORICAL<\/font> BACKGROUND
\n\t<\/font>
\n<\/font><\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tSri Aurobindo became interested in the problem of Indian independence while still a student in England. He once wrote, correcting a
\nstatement by a biographer: <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tAt the age of eleven Aurobindo had already received strongly
\nthe impression that a period of general upheaval and great revolutionary changes was coming in the world and he himself
\nwas destined to play a part in it. His attention was now drawn to India and this feeling was soon canalised into the idea of
\nthe liberation of his own country. <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tAt Cambridge University, between 1890 and 1892, Sri Aurobindo gave
\na number of “revolutionary speeches” before the “Indian Majlis”, a student club. These speeches have unfortunately been lost. The only
\nrecord of his political thinking at this time are some jottings he wrote in a notebook under the heading “India Renascent” (page 3).
\n    <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1147<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tReturning to India in February 1893, Sri Aurobindo took up work
\nin the Princely State of Baroda. Later that same year, he began to contribute articles on the Indian National Congress to the
\nIndu Prakash<\/i>
\nof Bombay. These proved to be too outspoken for the proprietor of this newspaper. Compelled to tone them down, Sri Aurobindo soon
\nlost interest in the project. For the next twelve years he published nothing on Indian politics. During this interval he wrote a few unfinished articles in his notebooks, which were not published until after his passing. In 1905, as the agitation against the partition of Bengal
\nbegan to pick up steam, he again saw an opening for serious political journalism. Around this time he wrote and had printed two or three
\npamphlets, one of which, Bhawani Mandir<\/i>, survives. All available political writings from the pre-1906 period are published in Part One
\nof these volumes. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\tIn February 1906, Sri Aurobindo left his job in Baroda and settled
\nin Calcutta. Even before then he had made contact with the advanced nationalists of Bengal, who had begun to split off from the established
\ngroup, whom they called “Moderates”. The advanced group, who called themselves the New Party or Nationalists, but were called by
\ntheir opponents “Extremists”, wanted to make the Indian National Congress a dynamic political organisation with an aggressive policy.
\nAll the Indian-owned English-language dailies of Calcutta were in the control of men of moderate if not loyalist views. From the end of 1905,
\nthe Nationalists discussed the desirability of starting their own English daily; but nothing was done until August 1906, when Bipin Chandra
\nPal, the most important Nationalist leader of Bengal, launched the Bande Mataram <\/i>. Its first issue appeared on 6 August 1906. That same
\nday, Pal left on a political tour. Before his departure from Calcutta, he asked Sri Aurobindo to contribute articles to the new newspaper. Sri
\nAurobindo agreed, and from that time until his arrest two years later, he was one of the chief
\nBande Mataram <\/i>writers.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\tPal had started Bande Mataram <\/i>“with only Rs 500 in his pocket”. Not surprisingly, the paper was soon in financial trouble. At Sri Aurobindo’s suggestion, it was reorganised in October 1906 as a joint-stock company. At that time, he and Pal were named co-editors. A few
\nweeks later, Pal was forced to leave by Sri Aurobindo’s supporters, who wanted to put forward a more openly revolutionary programme.
\n   
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1148<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nSri Aurobindo later wrote that he “would not have consented to this
\ndeparture, for he regarded the qualities of Pal as a great asset to the Bande Mataram <\/i>“. He was “perhaps the best and most original political
\nthinker in the country, an excellent writer and a magnificent orator: but the separation was effected behind Sri Aurobindo’s back when he
\nwas convalescing from a dangerous attack of fever”. In any event, from the moment Sri Aurobindo returned to work, he “controlled the
\npolicy of the Bande Mataram <\/i>along with that of the party in Bengal”. Although never financially stable, the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>was a success, and in June 1907<\/b>, a weekly edition was begun. This consisted almost entirely of matter reprinted from the daily edition. Articles written by
\nSri Aurobindo while the Bande Mataram <\/i>was under Pal’s editorship are
\npublished in Part Two; articles written while it was under Sri Aurobindo’s
\neditorship and before the weekly edition started are published in Part Three;
\narticles written during the first seven months after the start of the weekly are
\npublished in Part Four.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nAt the end of December 1907<\/b>, Sri Aurobindo left Calcutta to attend the Surat
\nsession of the Indian National Congress. Before and after the session, he
\ndelivered a number of speeches in different cities. Many of these survive in one
\nform or another. Transcripts of nine of them are published in Part Five.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nSri
\nAurobindo returned to Calcutta in February 1908  <\/b> and resumed the editorship of the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>. At the same time he addressed meetings in Calcutta and
\nother parts of Bengal. This writing and speaking continued until 2 May 1908,
\nwhen he was arrested and put on trial in what became known as the Alipore Bomb
\nCase. His writings and speeches from February to May 1908
\nare published in
\nPart Six. Sri Aurobindo remained in jail until May 1909, when he was acquitted and released. During his imprisonment the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>
\n\twas suppressed by the British government under the provisions of the Press
\n\tAct of 1908.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nAt the time of Sri Aurobindo’s arrest, a number of documents were seized from
\nhis house. Among them were several articles on politics that he had written in
\n1907
\nand 1908
\nbut never offered for publication. Some of these were used as evidence in the Alipore trial and later found
\ntheir way into print. These writings are reproduced directly from Sri Aurobindo’s manuscripts in Part Seven.
\n   
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1149<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tOnly a few manuscripts of Bande Mataram <\/i>articles survive; these
\nare published in Appendix One. Nine memoranda or notes dealing with the newspaper’s management and promotion are reproduced in
\nAppendix Two, while two documents dealing with Nationalist party politics are reproduced in Appendix Three. Appendix Four consists of
\nan interview given by Sri Aurobindo during the preliminary trial of the Alipore Bomb Case.
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tTHE<\/font> AUTHORSHIP<\/font>
\n\tOF THE <\/font>ARTICLES
\n<\/font> <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\tThe Bande Mataram <\/i>was a complete daily newspaper with the usual
\nfeatures: news, editorials, advertisements, etc. Most of its news was taken from other Calcutta papers (see Appendix Two, 5). The originality of the Bande Mataram <\/i>lay in the articles printed on its editorial page. These were of four main kinds: (1) “leaders” or political editorials of some length; (2) “paras”, shorter pieces dealing with various topics, often citing and discussing leaders printed in other newspapers;
\n(3) columns written in a personal, sometimes humorous style, under headings like “By the Way”; (4) articles on a variety of topics that were
\nsigned or marked “communicated”.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\tNone of the articles in categories (1) to (3) were signed. Nationalist writers in British India were subject to prosecution for sedition, a crime carrying a maximum sentence of transportation for life. If the
\narticles were left unsigned, the only person liable to prosecution was the registered printer of the paper. Many such printers (often not the
\nactual printers of the paper) were convicted and sentenced to longer or shorter periods of imprisonment.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\tAt least seven men wrote articles published anonymously in the editorial columns of the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>: Bipin Chandra Pal, Sri Aurobindo, Hemendra Prasad Ghose, Shyam Sunder Chakravarti, Bijoy C. Chatterjee, Satish Mukherji and Upendranath Banerji. The following
\nis known about the connection of these men with the paper:
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBipin Chandra Pal<\/i>. The founder of
\nBande Mataram <\/i>, Pal was its editor-in-chief between 6 August and 12
\n\tOctober 1906. (During most of this period he was away from Calcutta, but he
\n\toften sent in articles.) On 12 October Pal was named joint-editor along with
\n\tSri Aurobindo. Between November 1906 and April 1908
\nhe had no connection with
\n   
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1150<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nthe paper and contributed no articles.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nSri Aurobindo <\/i>(Aurobindo Ghose<\/i>). Soon after joining the Bande<\/i>
\nMataram <\/i>in August 1906, Sri Aurobindo became its most important
\nwriter. On 12 October he was appointed joint-editor with B. C. Pal, and in November became editor-in-chief.1<\/font><\/sup> He remained in charge of
\nthe policy of the paper until his arrest on 2 May 1908.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nHemendra Prasad Ghose<\/i>. He joined the staff of the
\nBande<\/i>
\nMataram <\/i>on 5 \t1906 and became an important writer, working on and off until the paper’s demise in 1908.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nShyam Sunder Chakravarti<\/i>. After the departure of Pal in November 1906, Shyam Sunder became
\nBande Mataram’s <\/i>second most important writer. Hemendra Prasad wrote of him in his diary: “Suffice it to say\u2014 he is an engine.” The number of articles that were written
\nby him appears to be substantial. His contribution to the success and influence of the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>has not been adequately recognised.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nBijoy C. Chatterjee<\/i>. There is no evidence of his connection with the paper before January 1908. After that, he became one of its major
\nwriters.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nSatish Chandra Mukherji<\/i>. Head of the National Council of Education and editor of the Dawn<\/i>, Satish Chandra had little time to write for the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>. According to Hemendra Prasad, he contributed
\na few articles, which were invariably accepted.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nUpendranath Banerji<\/i>. A member of Barindra Kumar Ghose’s
\nrevolutionary group, Upendranath joined the Bande Mataram <\/i>around December 1906. He also wrote for the Bengali paper
\nYugantar<\/i>. From mid-1907
\nhe was kept busy by revolutionary work.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nIt is known that Sri Aurobindo was the leading writer for the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>from November 1906 to May 1908, except when he was absent from Calcutta. During such periods, he later wrote, “it
\nwas Shyam Sundar who wrote most of the Bande Mataram <\/i>editorials, those excepted which were sent by Sri Aurobindo from Deoghar.” For
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\n1 As a matter of policy the name of the editor-in-chief was not printed after the departure of Bipin Chandra Pal. Once, in November 1906, Sri Aurobindo’s name was
\nprinted on the first page as “editor”, but this lapse was not repeated. Sri Aurobindo is referred to as editor-in-chief in Hemendra Prasad Ghose’s contemporary diary and in an
\narticle published by Bipin Chandra Pal in 1932.    <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1151<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tinformation on Sri Aurobindo’s presence in or absence from Calcutta,
\nsee Table 1 on page 1153. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tSELECTION<\/font> OF <\/font>ARTICLES<\/font> PUBLISHED<\/font>
\n\tIN THE <\/font>PRESENT<\/font> VOLUMES
\n\t<\/font><\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\tIn the present volumes are published all editorial articles from surviving issues of the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>that the editors believe were
\nwritten by Sri Aurobindo. Since the articles were not signed, the selection was necessarily a matter of editorial judgment. In making their
\nchoice, the editors have based themselves on (1) documentary evidence, (2) internal evidence, (3) the opinions of other authorities.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t(1) Documentary Evidence <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\tPrimary documents consulted consist of (a) eyewitness evidence concerning the presence in or absence from Calcutta of Sri Aurobindo and other Bande Mataram
\n<\/i>writers; (b) statements and other evidence by
\nparticipants concerning the authorship of the articles in general or of particular pieces.2<\/font><\/sup>
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nRelevant data available in these documents are presented in the text and tables on pages 1153 to 1157.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t2 Primary documents consulted include:
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\tBagchee, Moni. Letter dated 23 November 1971, listing a few articles known by him
\nto be by his father-in-law Shyam Sunder Chakravarti. Sri Aurobindo Ashram Archives.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\tBanerji, Upendranath. List of articles said by him to be by Sri Aurobindo, compiled in 1939. Sri Aurobindo Ashram Archives.
\n\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\tDeb, Suresh Chandra. 1949. “When He Was a Political Leader”, Calcutta Municipal<\/i>
\nGazette <\/i>50, 20 August, pp. viii \u00ad ix. 
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\u2014 . 1950. “Sri Aurobindo as I Knew Him: Some Reminiscences of His Political Days”,
\nMother India <\/i>2 (15 August).
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\tGhose, Hemendra Prasad. Diary 1906 \u00ad 1908. Jadavpur University Library. \u2014
\n\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\u2014 . 1949. “Reminiscences of Aurobindo Ghose”,
\nOrient Illustrated Weekly <\/i>13 (27
\nFebruary), pp. 11 \u00ad 12, 10.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\u2014 . 1949. Aurobindo: Prophet of Patriotism<\/i>.
\n\tCalcutta: A. K. Mitra.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\tPal, Bipin Chandra. 1907 
\n\t<\/b>. The New Spirit<\/i>. Calcutta: Sinha, Sarvadhikar & Co.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\u2014 . c. 1910. “Aurobindo Ghose”. In
\nLeaders of the National Movement in Bengal<\/i>.
\nLondon: n.p.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\u2014 . 1932. “My Prison Experiences”, Liberty <\/i>[Calcutta daily] (2 June).
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\tSri Aurobindo. Manuscripts of various dates in Sri Aurobindo Ashram Archives.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\u2014 . 1972.
\nOn Himself<\/i>. Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust.
\n   
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1152<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n
\nChronological Data
\n<\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nSri Aurobindo joined the Bande Mataram <\/i>a day or two after 6 August 1906,
\nand continued to contribute to it until his arrest on 2 May 1908. Between these
\ntwo dates he was several times absent from Calcutta and at least twice was
\nincapacitated by illness. (During his absences from Calcutta he occasionally
\nsent in articles for publication.) The following table presents all that is
\nknown from contemporary documents about his presence in or absence from Calcutta
\nand periods of illness between August 1906 and May 1908.3
\n<\/font><\/sup>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nTable 1. Chronology
\n<\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t1906
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tAugust \u00ad October<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tNovember <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t16 \u00ad 25 December
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tIn Calcutta and writing regularly
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSeriously ill
\nthe whole month, writes little or nothing <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIn Deoghar, Bihar,
\n\t\t\t\tfor rest and recuperation
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t1907
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\t1 \u00ad 10 January <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t11(?) Jan. \u00ad 8 Apr.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t24 Oct. \u00ad 1 Dec.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t6 \u00ad 10(?) Dec.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t21 December<\/span><\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tIll in Calcutta  <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIn Deoghar 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIn Deoghar; after 8 April in Calcutta except as noted below
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIn
\nMidnapore, for the district conference  <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tLeaves Calcutta to
\n\t\t\t\tattend the Surat Congress<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t1908
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\t5 February<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t10 \u00ad 15(?) Feb.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t17 \u00ad 20 April
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t2 May
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tReturns to Calcutta after delivering speeches in a number of places in Maharashtra 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIn Pabna, East Bengal, for the provincial
\nconference <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIn Kishoregung, East Bengal, for a political meeting
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tArrested and
\n\t\t\t\timprisoned
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
\n 3 Due to want of space, information on the presence in or absence from Calcutta of other
\nBande Mataram <\/i>writers is not given in this chronology. Some information is given
\nin the list of writers on pages 1150 \u00ad 51.   
\n<\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1153<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tDocuments by Participants
\n<\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\tOnly two handwritten drafts of Bande Mataram <\/i>articles written by Sri Aurobindo survive. (These are identified in Table 2 as “SA draft”.
\nThey are published in Appendix One.) He made a list of articles he had written in one of his notebooks. Unfortunately only one of these articles
\nsurvives (“SA NB” in the table). The only other contemporary document providing information on authorship of
\nBande Mataram <\/i>articles
\nis the diary of Hemendra Prasad Ghose (“HPG diary” in the table). During the 1940s, Sri Aurobindo was shown transcripts of 37 articles
\npublished in the weekly Bande Mataram <\/i>. He identified 26 of them as his (“SA list” in the table). Around the same time, while correcting
\nmanuscripts of books or articles dealing with his own life and works or while preparing editions of his works, he provided information that
\nestablishes his authorship of a few Bande Mataram <\/i>articles (“SA MSS” in the table). In 1939 Upendranath Banerji examined articles in issues
\nof the daily Bande Mataram <\/i>published between March and June 1907 
\n\t<\/b>. He assigned 21 of them to Sri Aurobindo ("UB list" in the table). In
\n\t1949, in a booklet and an article on Sri Aurobindo, Hemendra Prasad Ghose
\n\tdiscussed a few articles by Sri Aurobindo ("HPG 1949").4<\/font><\/sup>
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\tIt should be noted
\n\tthat none of these attempts at ascription was systematic or comprehensive.
\n\tOnly a fraction of the surviving articles was dealt with. None of the
\n\tparticipants considered articles published before February 1907 <\/span> <\/p>\n

\nor after January 1908. Each individual dealt with articles in an even narrower
\nrange of dates. The earliest article Sri Aurobindo was shown was dated 18 March
\n1907 
\n<\/b>, the latest, 25 November 1907 
\n<\/b>. He was only shown articles that had been published in the weekly edition.
\nUpendranath Banerji considered only articles published between March and June
\n1907 
\n<\/b>. Hemendra Prasad Ghose mentioned only about twenty articles in his diary and fewer in his
\npublications. In no case was his purpose in mentioning them to clarify questions of authorship. Several of the articles he mentioned are short
\nand unimportant.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\n4 See list of sources in footnote 1 for bibliographical information. Bipin Chandra Pal
\nand Shyam Sunder Chakravarti never identified any articles as being written by Sri Aurobindo. However, Pal did publish certain articles as his own, and Shyam Sunder told
\nhis son-in-law, the writer Moni Bagchee, that certain Bande Mataram <\/i>articles were his.   
\n<\/font>
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1154<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nIt should also be noted that none of the methods of identification
\nwas foolproof. Most of the documents date from twenty or more years after the period. The “lists” of Sri Aurobindo and Upendranath
\nBanerji were compiled more than thirty years after the publication of the articles. Neither of them made a careful study of the articles they
\nwere shown. It is quite possible that mistakes of ascription occurred. One article definitely written by Hemendra Prasad (he mentioned it
\nin his diary the day it was published) was later included in Sri Aurobindo’s and Upendranath’s lists of articles written by Sri Aurobindo.5<\/font><\/sup>
\nAnother article ascribed to Sri Aurobindo by Upendranath Banerji is clearly not by Sri Aurobindo and has not been published in this book.6<\/font><\/sup>
\nSeveral articles on the list of those identified by Sri Aurobindo seem, on the basis of content and style, to be by another writer. They have
\nnevertheless been given the benefit of the doubt and included in the present collection.7<\/font><\/sup>
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nTable 2. Articles Ascribed by Participants to Sri Aurobindo <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\n\n
\n

\n\t
\n\t
\nDate<\/i>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t31.12.06
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t15.03.07
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t18.03.07
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t03.04.07<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t05.04.07
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t05.04.07 <\/span> <\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tTitle of Article<\/i><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Results of the Congress<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Comilla Incident <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBritish Protection or
\n\tSelf-Protection <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPeace and the Autocrats <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tMany Delusions <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tReflections of Srinath Paul,
\n\tRai <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\tBahadoor, on the Present
\n\tDiscontents<\/span><\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\t Source<\/i>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t SA NB<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t HPG diary
\n<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t SA list; UB list  <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t SA list; UB list
\n<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t UB list <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t SA MSS; HPG  <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t1949<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\n5 The article in question is “Bankim Chandra (1893 \u00ad 1894)”, published as Sri Aurobindo’s in the
\nSupplement <\/i>to the Sri Aurobindo Birth Centenary Library (vol. 27, pp.
\n351 \u00ad 55). Both Sri Aurobindo and Upendranath apparently assumed that this article was a continuation of Sri Aurobindo’s “Rishi Bankim Chandra”, which had been published the previous week. If they had carefully read Hemendra Prasad’s poorly written, academic article, it would have been obvious to them that it could never have been
\nwritten by Sri Aurobindo. <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n6 The article in question is “No Common Ideal”, published as Sri Aurobindo’s in the
\nSupplement <\/i>to the Sri Aurobindo Birth Centenary Library. <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n7 A number of articles that seem overall to be by a writer other than Sri Aurobindo have
\nopenings that are very much in Sri Aurobindo’s style. It is possible that Sri Aurobindo, as editor-in-chief, rewrote the opening but let the body of the article stand. If later only
\nthe opening was read out to him, he might well have identified the article as his.   
\n<\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1155<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n \t\t\t\t06.04.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n \t\t\t\t08.04.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t11-23.04.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t12.04.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t13.04.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t16.04.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t17.04.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t22.04.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t23.04.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t26.04.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t26.04.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t27.04.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t29.04.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t30.04.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t02.05.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t10.05.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t16.05.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t25.05.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t28.05.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t29.05.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t30.05.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t04.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t05.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t08.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t19.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t03.07.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t11.07.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t15.07.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t 29.07.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t07.08.07<\/span><\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tOmissions and Commissions at Behrampur
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Writing on the Wall<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Doctrine of Passive
\n\t\t\t\tResistance (seven articles)<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBy the Way<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBy the Way<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tRishi Bankim Chandra <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBy the Way A Mouse in a Flutter<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Gospel According to
\n\t\t\t\tSurendranath<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tA Man of Second
\n\t\t\t\tSight<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tGraduated Boycott<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tNationalism, Not Extremism<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tShall India Be Free? The
\n\t\t\t\tLoyalist Gospel <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tShall India Be Free? National
\n\t\t\t\tDevelopment and Foreign Rule <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tShall India Be Free?<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tShall India Be Free? Unity and
\n\t\t\t\tBritish Rule <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tLala Lajpat Rai Deported <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tMr. Morley’s Pronouncement
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tNewmania <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tCool Courage and Not
\n\t\t\t\tBlood-and-Thunder Speeches<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Sobhabazar Shaktipuja
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Daily News <\/i>and Its Needs<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tRegulated Independence <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tWanted, a Policy<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Strength of the Idea<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Main Feeder of Patriotism
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tEurope and Asia<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tEnglish Obduracy and Its Reason<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tBoycott and After
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Issue<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\tOur First Anniversary
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tUB list  <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tUB list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA MSS; UB  list; HPG 1949 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tHPG 1949 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tHPG 1949 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA MSS; UB list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tHPG 1949<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list; UB list<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tSA list; UB list  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list; UB list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list; UB list
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list; UB list
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list; UB list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list; UB list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA MSS  <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tHPG 1949 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tUB list
\n<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tHPG 1949 <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tHPG diary  <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tHPG diary 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tHPG diary 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tHPG 1949
\n   
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1156<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\n\t
\n\t17.08.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t24.08.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t31.08.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t20.09.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t21.09.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t23.10.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t29.10.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t02.11.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t05.11.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t16.11.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t16.11.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t18.11.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t19.11.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t05.12.07
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Foundations of Nationality<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tSankaritola’s Apologia<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Three Unities of Sankaritola<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Un-Hindu Spirit of Caste
\n\t\t\t\tRigidity<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tCaste and Democracy<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Nagpur Affair and True
\n\t\t\t\tUnity<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Nagpur Imbroglio<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tHow to Meet the Inevitable
\n\t\t\t\tRepression<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tMr. Tilak and the Presidentship<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tNagpur and Loyalist Methods
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Life of Nationalism<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBy the Way. In Praise of Honest
\n\t\t\t\tJohn<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBureaucratic Policy <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tBy the Way<\/span><\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tSA MSS   <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA MSS  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA MSS 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA draft  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list .   <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA draft <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSA list 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tHPG 1949<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\n(2) Internal Evidence <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOnly fifty-six articles are listed in the above table. Sri Aurobindo unquestionably wrote many more. It is clear from the publications of B. C. Pal, Hemendra Prasad Ghose and Suresh Deb cited in footnote 2 that
\nSri Aurobindo was the principal writer for Bande Mataram <\/i>between August 1906 and April 1908. During this period some 630 issues of
\nBande Mataram <\/i>were published. It may be assumed that Sri Aurobindo contributed articles to most issues that came out while he was
\nin Calcutta and in good health.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nSince none of Bande Mataram <\/i>‘s editorial articles were signed, and
\nonly a few can be assigned to an author by means of the available documentary evidence, the question of the authorship of the rest, in
\nparticular the question of which of them were written by Sri Aurobindo, can only be decided by reference to the articles themselves. In
\nselecting the articles to be included in this volume, the editors have taken the following factors into consideration:
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nViews<\/i>. As editor-in-chief, Sri Aurobindo did not impose uniformity of opinion on the various
\nBande Mataram <\/i>writers; their political
\nviews were however generally consistent. All agreed on basic matters of policy such as Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott and National Education.
\n   
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1157<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tThey differed occasionally on subordinate issues such as village uplift,
\ncaste, etc. Articles that express opinions at variance with Sri Aurobindo’s known views on such matters are assumed to have been written
\nby others. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tApproach and tone<\/i>. Articles by writers other than Sri Aurobindo
\nsometimes contain reasoned arguments concerning the legitimacy of India’s political demands, or appeals to the better feelings of the British
\npublic. Sri Aurobindo rarely took this approach. He once wrote, speaking of himself in the third person: “As a politician it was part of Sri
\nAurobindo’s principles never to appeal to the British people; that he would have considered as part of the mendicant policy.”
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPersonal references<\/i>. The editorial tone adopted by the Bande<\/i> Mataram
\n<\/i>writers was generally impersonal. However they occasionally made passing references to persons and events they had seen themselves. References to English university life and the Baroda state
\nsometimes suggest that the article in question was written by Sri Aurobindo.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tCitations<\/i>. Articles known to be by Shyam Sunder Chakravarti and Hemendra Prasad Ghose often contain long quotations from or
\nallusions to certain British prose writers (Mill, Macaulay) and poets (Shakespeare, Milton). Sri Aurobindo’s articles contain few quotations
\nbut occasional allusions to a wide range of Biblical, classical, European and Indian literary works.
\n <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tClich\u00e9s<\/i>. Writings known to be by Hemendra Prasad Ghose and  other members of the Bande Mataram <\/i>‘s staff often contain
\n\tclich\u00e9s and
\nother outworn expressions. The presence of such expressions is a sign that the article was not written by Sri Aurobindo.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tEnglish grammar and usage<\/i>. Articles by writers other than Sri Aurobindo sometimes contain obvious errors in grammar and usage.
\nArticles by Sri Aurobindo contain few or none.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tStyle<\/i>. Sri Aurobindo’s style can generally be recognised even if its
\nattributes cannot be enumerated. In deciding whether a certain article is in Sri Aurobindo’s style, the editors have relied on their subjective
\njudgment, informed by a close familiarity with Sri Aurobindo’s writings of all periods. They have had to keep in mind, however, a fact noted by
\nSri Aurobindo\u2014 that “Shyam Sundar [Chakravarti] caught up some imitation” of his style, “and many could not distinguish between their
\n   
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1158<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nwritings”. He also noted, in an essay written some years before the
\nstart of the Bande Mataram <\/i>, that it is difficult if not impossible to distinguish a given prose style from a good imitation of it:
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nIn an English literary periodical it was recently observed that a certain Oxford professor who had studied Stevenson like
\na classic, attempted to apportion to Stevenson & Lloyd Osbourne their respective work in the Wrecker, but his apportionment turned out [to] be hopelessly erroneous. To this the obvious answer is that the Wrecker is a prose work and not
\npoetry. There was no prose style ever written that a skilful hand could not reproduce as accurately as a practised forger
\nreproduces a signature.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe editors have made every effort to distinguish pieces actually written by Sri Aurobindo from those written in an imitation of his style. They acknowledge that such judgments are not infallible.
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\n(3) The Opinions of Other Authorities <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nAttempts have been made by other scholars to determine the authorship of Bande Mataram <\/i>articles. The editors of the present edition have consulted all available works in which articles are ascribed to Sri
\nAurobindo or to others.8<\/font><\/sup> They also benefited from the research and opinions of the editors of
\nBande Mataram: Early Political Writings \u00ad I<\/i>
\n(1972), Jayantilal Parekh and Sanat Kumar Banerji.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nTaking into consideration the documentary and internal evidence
\nand the authoritative opinions available to them, the editors of the present volume have made their own list of 353 articles they believe
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\n8 The principal works consulted are: <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\nMookerjee, Amalendu Prasad. 1974. Social and Political Ideals of Bipin Chandra Pal<\/i>.
\nCalcutta: Minerva Associates.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\u2014 . 1975. Correspondence with Sri Aurobindo Ashram Archives.
\n<\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\nMukherjee, Haridas, and Uma Mukherjee. 1957. “Bande Mataram” and Indian Nationalism<\/i>. Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay.
\n\t<\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\u2014 . 1958. Sri Aurobindo’s Political Thought<\/i>. Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyaya.
\n\t<\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\u2014 . 1964.
\nSri Aurobindo and the New Thought in Indian Politics<\/i>. Calcutta: Firma
\nK. L. Mukhopadhyay.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\u2014 . 1994. Correspondence with Sri Aurobindo Ashram Archives.
\n    <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1159<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\twere written by Sri Aurobindo. These may be placed in three categories: (1) 56 articles for which there is documentary evidence of Sri Aurobindo’s authorship; (2) 102 articles which, given the weight
\nof internal evidence and\/or authoritative opinions, may be assigned to Sri Aurobindo with a high degree of confidence; (3) 195 articles,
\nfor which there is no such weight of evidence, but which the editors believe should be assigned to Sri Aurobindo rather than to any other
\nBande Mataram <\/i>writer. The 56 articles in the first category are listed in Table 2 above. The 102 in the second are listed in Table 3 below. The
\nremaining articles are not listed, but may be determined by process of elimination from the complete list of articles in the Table of Contents
\n(Parts Two, Three, Four and Six). <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\tThe articles listed in the following table are those for which there
\nis no documentary proof of Sri Aurobindo’s authorship, but which the editors believe, with a high degree of confidence, to be his work. These
\n102 articles, together with the 56 listed in Table 2, constitute that portion of the extant articles of
\nBande Mataram <\/i>that can confidently
\nbe regarded as the work of Sri Aurobindo.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tTable 3. Articles that Can Be Ascribed to Sri Aurobindo
\n<\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\twith a High Degree of Confidence <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\n\n
\n

\n\t
\n\t20.08.06<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t27.08.06<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t28.08.06<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t30.08.06<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t01.09.06 <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t12.09.06<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t12.09.06
\n\t\t\t\t13.09.06<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t13.09.06<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t14.09.06<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t17.09.06<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t17.09.06<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t18.09.06
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tIndians Abroad <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tBy the Way <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Mirror <\/i>and Mr. Tilak<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBy the Way<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBy the Way<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Charge of Vilification<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tAutocratic Trickery <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tStrange Speculations<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Statesman <\/i>under
\n\t\t\t\tInspiration  <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tA Disingenuous Defence<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tStop-gap Won’t Do<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBy the Way<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIs Mendicancy Successful?
\n   
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t18.09.06 <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t20.09.06<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t28.02.07<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t02.04.07<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t10.04.07<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t16.04.07<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t17.04.07<\/span><\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t24.04.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t25.04.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t11.05.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t13.05.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t15.05.07
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tBy the Way<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBy the Way  <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tMr. Gokhale’s Disloyalty   
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe President of
\n\t\t\t\tthe   Berhampur Conference  <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tPherozshahi at Surat   
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Old Year 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tA Vilifier on Vilification  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tBy the Way   
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Leverage of Faith
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Crisis  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tGovernment by Panic  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tHow to Meet the Ordinance
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1160<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\n\t
\n\t16.05.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t16.05.07 17.05.07 <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t17.05.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t20.05.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t23.05.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t23.05.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t24.05.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t25.05.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t27.05.07 <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t27.05.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t28.05.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t30.05.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t01.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t05.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t07.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t21.06.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t21.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t22.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t24.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t25.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t28.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t29.06.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t25.07.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t26.07.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t06.08.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t06.08.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t06.08.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t10.08.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t12.08.07<\/span><\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tWhat Does Mr. Hare Mean? <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tNot to the Andamans!<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Statesman <\/i>Unmasks<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSui Generis 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Statesman <\/i>on Mr.
\nMudholkar<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tAnd Still It Moves<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBritish Generosity<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tAn Irish Example<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe East Bengal 
\n\t\t\t\tDisturbances <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Gilded Sham Again<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tNational Volunteers<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe True Meaning of the  Risley
\n\t\t\t\tCircular <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Ordinance and After
\n<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Question of the Hour   
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tPreparing the Explosion   
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tDefying the Circular  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBritish Justice<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Statesman <\/i>on
\n\t\t\t\tShooting<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tA Current Dodge<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tMore about British Justice<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tMorleyism Analysed<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPersonal Rule and Freedom of Speech and Writing<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBy the Way<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tOne More for the Altar<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tSrijut Bhupendranath <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe 7th of August <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Indian Patriot <\/i>on 
\n\t\t\t\tOurselves<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tOur Rulers and Boycott
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tTo Organise <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\tA Compliment and Some  Misconceptions
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\t12.08.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t18.08.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t20.08.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t23.08.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t12.09.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t25.09.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t26.09.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t28.09.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t05.10.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t05.10.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t07.10.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t08.10.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t08.10.07 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t02.12.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t04.12.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t06.12.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t12.12.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t13.12.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t17.12.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t18.12.07<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t21.02.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t04.03.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t05.03.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t07.03.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t10.03.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t12.03.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t16.03.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t19.03.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t20.03.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t30.03.08<\/span><\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tPal on the Brain <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tTo Organise Boycott<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Times <\/i>Romancist<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tIn Melancholy Vein<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Martyrdom of Bipin
\n\t\t\t\tChandra <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t Bande Mataram <\/i>Prosecution<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t The Chowringhee Pecksniff and Ourselves<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Statesman <\/i>in Retreat
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tNovel Ways to Peace<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tArmenian Horrors<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tA New Literary Departure <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tProtected Hooliganism\u2014  A Parallel<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tMr. Keir Hardie and India
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tAbout Unity <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tMore about Unity<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tCaste and Representation<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tAbout Unmistakable Terms    
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Surat Congress
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Awakening of
\n\t\t\t\tGujarat    
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tLala Lajpat Rai’s Refusal  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Soul and
\n\t\t\t\tIndia’s   Mission    <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tA Great Opportunity 
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSwaraj and the Coming  
\nAnarchy   <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Village and the Nation  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tWelcome to the Prophet  of Nationalism  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tA Great Message
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tAsiatic Democracy  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Need of the Moment    
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Early Indian Polity  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Struggle in
\n\t\t\t\tMadras
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1161<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n \t\t\t\t30.03.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t01.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t03.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t04.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t06.04.08<\/span><\/p>\n

\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t09.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t10.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t10.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t11.04.08<\/span><\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tA Misunderstanding<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tIndia and the Mongolian<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Question of the President<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tConvention and Conference<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Constitution of the
\n\t\t\t\tSubjects Committee<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Asiatic Role<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Work Before Us<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tCampbell-Bannerman
\n\t\t\t\tRetires<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\tThe Demand of the Mother<\/span><\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\t13.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t14.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t22.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t23.04.08 <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t24.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t25.04.08<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t29.04.08 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t29.04.08
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tPeace and Exclusion   
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIndian Resurgence and    Europe
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Future and the  
\nNationalists  <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe Wheat and the
\n\t\t\t\tChaff   <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tParty and the Country   
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe One Thing Needful  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tNew Conditions  
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t <\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\n\tAround 1300 unsigned political writings were published in surviving
\nissues of the daily and weekly editions of the Bande Mataram <\/i>between 20 August 1906 and 3 May 1908. The editors have examined all of
\nthem, and assigned 353 to Sri Aurobindo. If 300 articles are subtracted from the total as having been published while Sri Aurobindo was ill
\nor away from Calcutta, the portion assigned to him comes to about one-third. Given that there were generally no more than three fulltime editorial writers working for the Bande Mataram <\/i>, the number of articles assigned by the editors to Sri Aurobindo does not appear to be
\nexcessive.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\tThe editors concede that they may have missed some articles
\nwritten by Sri Aurobindo and that some of those they have assigned to him may have been written by others. In one sense, however, all
\nthe editorials published in the Bande Mataram <\/i>between mid-October 1906
\n\tand May 1908
\nmay be said to have his stamp on them. As the
\nNationalist leader Jitendra Lal Bannerji wrote in 1909:
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nFrom the very first, the hand of the master was visible in
\nthe writings of the “Bande-Mataram”, and that master the world tacitly agreed to accept as Aravinda Ghosh. And yet
\nit will be a mistake to suppose that Aravinda did all or even much of the writing for the new paper. He was assisted in this
\nundertaking by a fine band of co-adjutors, chief among whom must be mentioned Babu Shyam Sundar Chakravarti. . . . In
\none respect, however, the judgment of the public was sure   
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1162<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nand unerring. Whoever the actual contributor to the “Bande
\nMataram” might be\u2014 the soul, the genius of the paper was Aravinda. The pen might be that of Shyam Sundar or who not\u2014 the world did not care about it; but the voice was the voice of Aravinda Ghosh: his the clear clarion notes calling men to
\nheroic and strenuous self-sacrifice; his the unswerving, unfaltering faith in the high destinies of his race; his the passionate
\nresolve to devote life, fame, fortune, all to the service of the Mother.9<\/font><\/sup>
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nTHE<\/font> FILE
\nOF THE<\/font> BANDE<\/font> MATARAM<\/font><\/i>
\n<\/font><\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThere are several breaks in the sequence of articles published here as Sri
\nAurobindo’s. Some of these breaks are due, as noted above, to periods of illness or absence from Calcutta. Most of the others are due to gaps
\nin the file of the Bande Mataram <\/i>.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nThe Bande Mataram <\/i>was published continuously from August
\n1906 to October 1908. (Sri Aurobindo was connected with the paper only until his arrest in May 1908.) Only a single file of the daily edition
\nsurvives.10<\/font><\/sup> Many issues are missing from it. Of the 540 issues of the daily Bande Mataram
\n<\/i>that appear to have been printed between 6 August 1906 (when Sri Aurobindo
\njoined) and 2 May 1908
\n(when he was arrested),11<\/font><\/sup> only 371 complete issues survive. This is roughly
\ntwo-thirds of the issues that were printed during the period of Sri Aurobindo’s connection with the newspaper.12<\/font><\/sup>
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\n9 Jitendra Lal Bannerji. “Aravinda Ghosh\u2014 A Study”, Modern Review <\/i>6
\n(November 1909): 483 \u00ad 84. <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n10 Formerly in the possession of the Prabartak Sangha
\nof Chandernagore, this file was donated to the Sri Aurobindo Ashram Archives in
\n1978. Microfilm copies are available from the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library,
\nNew Delhi. <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n11 Because the file is incomplete and the numbering of issues was
\nneither complete nor consistent, it is impossible to determine exactly how many
\nissues were printed. To arrive at the figure 540, we have counted every weekday
\nbetween 6 August 1906 and 2 May 1908, and subtracted dates where there is
\ndocumentary evidence that no issue was brought out. <\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n12 Two articles printed in
\nthese volumes\u2014 "The Results of the Congress" (31 December 1906) and "Look on
\nThis Picture, Then on That" (6 May 1907 
\n\t<\/b>)\u2014 are not found in the
\nsurviving file of the Bande Mataram <\/i>. They have been reproduced from Sri Aurobindo<\/i>
\nand the New Thought in Indian Politics <\/i>(see footnote 8).
\n   
\n<\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1163<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n The first volume of the weekly edition of the Bande Mataram <\/i>
\nconsisted of fifty-one issues. All of these survive. Forty-eight of them came out during the period of Sri Aurobindo’s connection with the
\npaper. The weekly edition consisted almost entirely of matter reprinted from the daily edition. Certain articles found in the weekly but not in
\nany surviving issue of the daily evidently were printed in issues of the daily that have been lost.
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\tThe following month-by-month table will give some idea of places where the file of the daily
\nBande Mataram <\/i>is deficient. It will be seen
\nthat most of the missing issues are from the first seven months of the newspaper’s existence. Note that one cannot always be certain whether
\nthe issue for a given date lacks because no issue was printed or because none was preserved.
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tTable 4. Completeness of the File of the <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tDaily Bande Mataram <\/i>
\n\t<\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\tYear  <\/font><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t1906
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tMonth<\/i> <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tAugust
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tSeptember<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tOctober
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tSummary of Missing Issues<\/i><\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tNo issue survives before that of 20 August;
\nonly five issues survive for the rest of the month.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tOnly twelve issues survive.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tEleven issues survive up to 16 October; no issue was printed
\n\t\t\t\tbetween then and 22 October; only four issues survive for the
\n\t\t\t\trest of the month.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tNovember
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tDecember <\/span> <\/td>\n

\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tNo issue survives.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tOnly one complete issue survives. One incomplete issue (lacking
\n\t\t\t\teditorial page) also survives. <\/span> <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t1907
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tJanuary <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tFebruary <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tMarch <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tApril <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tMay
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tOnly one complete issue survives.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tNo issue is available before that of 13 February; nine issues survive for the rest of the month.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIssues for seven dates are lacking; for one of
\nthem perhaps no issue was printed. <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe issue for one date is lacking; the issue for one date is incomplete.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIssues for three dates are lacking; the issue for one
\ndate is incomplete.   
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1164<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n
\n

 <\/p>\n

\t<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tJune<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tJuly  <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tAugust <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tSeptember<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\tOctober
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tIssues for three dates are lacking; the issue for one is incomplete.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIssues for two dates are lacking; for one of them
\nperhaps no issue was printed. <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIssues for eleven dates are lacking. \t <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIssues for four dates are lacking.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tNo issue was printed between 15
\n\tand 19 October (Puja holidays); issues for four other dates are lacking; the
\n\tissue for one date is incomplete.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tNovember <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tDecember
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tIssues for five dates are
\n\tlacking; issues for two dates are incomplete. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tIssues for seven dates are lacking; for one of them perhaps no
\n\t\t\t\tissue was printed.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\t
\n\t1908
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tJanuary <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tFebruary <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tMarch <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tApril <\/font>
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tMay
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n

\n

\n\t
\n\tIssues for four dates are lacking.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIssues for two dates are lacking.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIssues for four dates are lacking; the issue for one date is incomplete.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tIssues for five dates are lacking.
\n\t\t\t\t<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThe issue of 1 May
\n\t\t\t\tis incomplete; the issue of 2 May is lacking.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\n <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
\nNOTES ON SPECIFIC PIECES
\n<\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nPart One. Writings and a Resolution 1890 \u00ad 1906 <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nAll the pieces in this part were written before the start of the
\nBande<\/i>
\nMataram <\/i>in August 1906. Many of them were not completed or published during Sri Aurobindo’s lifetime.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nIndia Renascent. <\/b>1890 \u00ad 92. Written in a notebook used by Sri Aurobindo at Cambridge.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tNew Lamps for Old <\/b>with India and the British Parliament<\/b>
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\tThe ten articles comprising “India and the British Parliament” and were published anonymously in the Indu Prakash<\/i>, a Marathi \u00ad English weekly newspaper of Bombay, in 1893 and
\n1894. Sri Aurobindo wrote these articles on the invitation of K. G.   
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1165<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tDeshpande, the editor of the English section of the journal, whom he
\nhad known at Cambridge. “The first two articles”, Sri Aurobindo later noted,
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\tmade a sensation and frightened [Mahadev Govind] Ranade and other Congress leaders. Ranade warned the proprietor
\nof the paper that, if this went on, he would surely be prosecuted for sedition. Accordingly the original plan of the series
\nhad to be dropped at the proprietor’s instance. Deshpande requested Sri Aurobindo to continue in a modified tone and
\nhe reluctantly consented, but felt no farther interest and the articles were published at long intervals and finally dropped
\nof themselves altogether.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t“India and the British Parliament”. Published in Indu Prakash
\n<\/i>on 26
\nJune 1893. Under the heading was printed “Communicated” (i.e., from a special correspondent). In the next issue of the newspaper, 3
\nJuly 1893, the editor (presumably K. G. Deshpande) referred to the essay in the following paragraph, also headed “India and the British
\nParliament”:
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\tUnder this heading we had a communication from a very able
\nwriter in our last issue. Our readers must have been struck with the tone and conclusions of that article. We shall be very
\nhappy to receive any communication from our readers on the subject. Meanwhile we are trying to get a series of articles on
\nthe question and the one implied therein as to where we are drifting and in what direction our political work should lie.
\nThe last article [i.e. “India and the British Parliament”] will thus be a kind of trumpet note.
\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tNew Lamps for Old<\/i>. The promised series began on 7 August 1893. Below the first instalment was published the following editorial note:
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\tWe promised our readers some time back a series of articles on our present Political Progress by an extremely able and keen
\nobserver of the present times. We are very much pleased to give our readers the first instalment of that series. The title under
\nwhich these views appear is “New lamps for old” which is very suggestive though a metaphorical one. The preface will take
\n   
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1166<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nus over to the next issue. The views therein contained are not
\nthose that are commonly held by our Politicians, and for this reason they are very important. We have been long convinced
\nthat our efforts in Political Progress are not sustained, but are lacking in vigour. Hypocrisy has been the besetting sin of our
\nPolitical agitation. Oblique vision is the fashion. True, matter of fact, honest criticism is very badly needed. Our institutions
\nhave no strong foundation and are in hourly danger of falling down. Under these circumstances it was idle\u2014 nay, criminal,\u2014 to remain silent while our whole energy in Political Progress was spent in a wrong direction. The questions at issue are
\nmomentous. It is the making or unmaking of a nation. We have therefore secured a gentleman of great literary talents,
\nof liberal culture and considerable English experience, well versed in the art of writing and willing, at great personal
\ninconvenience and probable misrepresentation, to give out his views in no uncertain voice, and, we may be allowed to add,
\nin a style and diction peculiarly his own. We bespeak our readers’ most careful and constant perusal on his behalf and
\nassure them that they will find in those articles matter that will set them thinking and steel their patriotic souls.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe eight remaining articles of the series appeared on the following dates: 2) 21 August 1893; 3) 28 August 1893; 4) 18 \t1893;
\n5) 30 October 1893; 6) 13 November 1893; 7) 4 December 1893; 8) 5 February 1894; 9) 6 March 1894.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nAt the Turn of the Century<\/b>. Editorial title. Circa 1900. This piece evidently was written towards the beginning of the first year of the
\ncentury. First published, along with the next piece, in Sri Aurobindo:<\/i>
\nArchives and Research <\/i>in 1983.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nOld Moore for 1901.<\/b> Circa 1901. “Old Moore’s Almanack” (known also as Vox Stellarum<\/i>) was an English almanac first brought out by
\nFrancis Moore in 1700. Along with the usual information found in almanacs\u2014 the time of the rising and setting of the sun and moon,
\netc.\u2014 Old Moore’s provided “predictions of coming events . . . by a notable astrologer of the nineteenth century”. Old Moore’s of 1901
\ncontained a column of predictions for each month of the year. Basing himself on these predictions, Sri Aurobindo wrote, in his own words,
\n   
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1167<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tsummaries of what he thought would be the year’s most significant
\ndevelopments. First published, along with the preceding piece, in Sri<\/i>
\nAurobindo: Archives and Research <\/i>in 1983.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Congress Movement.<\/b> Editorial title. Circa 1903 (the Ahmedabad Congress, mentioned in passing in the piece, was held in December
\n1902). First published in Sri Aurobindo: Archives and Research <\/i>in 1983.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tFragment for a Pamphlet. <\/b>Editorial title. Circa 1901 \u00ad 5. Sri Aurobindo wrote this fragment in a notebook he first used in Baroda around 1901.
\nIt is impossible to determine the exact date of the piece. First published in
\nBande Mataram: Early Political Writings \u00ad I <\/i>in 1972.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tUnity<\/b>: An open letter to those who despair of their Country<\/b>. 1901 \u00ad 3. Written in a Baroda notebook, probably after the preceding piece, and
\nalmost certainly before “The Proposed Reconstruction of Bengal” (see below). First published in
\nBande Mataram: Early Political Writings \u00ad I<\/i>
\nin 1972.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Proposed Reconstruction of Bengal: Partition or Annihilation.<\/b>
\nCirca 1904. This piece was written during an early stage of the agitation against the partition of Bengal, after the original announcement
\nof December 1903 but before the full list of districts to be taken from Bengal and combined with Assam had been announced. First published
\nin Bande Mataram: Early Political Writings \u00ad I <\/i>in 1972.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tOn the Bengali and the Mahratta: Notes<\/b>. Editorial title. 1902 \u00ad 6.
\nWritten on a sheet of paper that was among those seized by the police when Sri Aurobindo was arrested in May 1908. The sheet was put in
\nas evidence in the Alipore Bomb Trial and subsequently reproduced in a government file containing transcripts of documentary evidence.13<\/font><\/sup>
\nPublished here for the first time in a book of Sri Aurobindo’s writings.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBhawani Mandir<\/b>. 1905. This famous pamphlet was written by Sri
\nAurobindo not long before August 1905, when a copy was received by a British official in Broach (a town not far from Baroda) and reported
\nto the government (J. C. Ker, Political Trouble in India<\/i>, 1917, pp. 33 \u00ad 34). It was used as evidence in the Alipore Bomb Trial, and later cited
\nin the Rowlatt Report (1919). Rediscovered after independence among
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\t13 This file was later reproduced in
\nTerrorism in Bengal: A Collection of Documents<\/i>,
\nvolume 4 (Calcutta: Government of West Bengal, 1995), pp. 647 \u00ad 749.   
\n\t<\/font>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1168<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nthe Alipore Bomb Trial papers, it was reproduced in the Hindusthan<\/i>
\nStandard <\/i>in October 1956 and later in various publications of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram. Of the genesis of the pamphlet, Sri Aurobindo
\nwrote: “Bhawani Mandir <\/i>was written by Sri Aurobindo but it was more Barin’s idea than his.” Barindra Kumar Ghose, Sri Aurobindo’s
\nyounger brother, actually went to central India to choose a site for the Temple to the Mother (Bhawani Mandir). Sri Aurobindo continued,
\n“The idea of Bhawani Mandir simply lapsed of itself. Sri Aurobindo thought no more about it, but Barin who clung to the idea tried to
\nestablish something like it on a small scale in the Manicktala Garden.” The present text has been checked against a copy of the original
\npamphlet.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nEthics East and West<\/b>. Editorial title. Circa 1902 \u00ad 6. There is no positive
\nevidence by which this fragment might be dated. The handwriting is that of the Baroda period. It was seized when Sri Aurobindo’s house
\nwas searched in May 1908, put in as evidence in the Alipore Bomb Trial, and reproduced in a government file containing transcripts of
\ndocumentary evidence and later in Terrorism in Bengal <\/i>(see footnote 13). Published here for the first time in a book of Sri Aurobindo’s
\nwritings.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nResolution at a Swadeshi Meeting<\/b>. Sri Aurobindo proposed this resolution at a Swadeshi meeting held in Baroda on 24 \t1905. A report of the meeting, which included Sri Aurobindo’s resolution, was
\npublished in Marathi in the Kesari <\/i>of Poona on 3 October 1905. It has been retranslated into English by the editors of the present volume.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nA Sample-Room for Swadeshi<\/b> Articles. Editorial title. 1905 \u00ad 6. Sri Aurobindo wrote two drafts of this proposal sometime before he left
\nBaroda in February 1906. The manuscript was seized and put in as evidence in the Alipore Bomb Trial, and subsequently reproduced in
\na government file containing transcripts of documentary evidence and later in
\nTerrorism in Bengal <\/i>(see footnote 13). The present text has been
\ncompiled by collating the fair-copy and rough draft, which have both undergone some damage since 1908, with the sometimes defective text
\nreproduced in Terrorism in Bengal<\/i>.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nOn the Barisal Proclamation<\/b>. Editorial title. November 1905 or shortly
\nthereafter. On 7 November 1905, Aswini Kumar Dutta and other Nationalist leaders of Barisal issued a proclamation in which they
\n   
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1169<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\turged the people of the district to support the Swadeshi movement. A
\nshort while later Bampfylde Fuller, the Lieutenant-Governor of Eastern Bengal and Assam, summoned Dutta and the others and demanded
\nthat they withdraw the proclamation. A day or two later, they sent a letter to Fuller’s private secretary informing him that as Fuller was
\nof the opinion that the proclamation contained “certain expressions that may tend to lead people to commit breaches of the peace, we
\nwithdraw the same”. The district magistrate thereupon issued a notification that the leaders “had withdrawn the appeal because they had
\nunderstood that the appeal was seditious and provocative of breaches of the peace”. It was apparently after receiving news of this misleading
\nnotification (which ultimately caused the district magistrate to be fined for defamation) that Sri Aurobindo wrote this article. Its first pages
\nare not available. They had been torn out of the notebook in which it was written even before it was produced as evidence in the Alipore
\nBomb Trial. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPart Two. Bande Mataram <\/i>under the Editorship
\n<\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tof Bipin Chandra Pal: 6 August \u00ad 15 October 1906 <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\tThe articles published in this section all appeared in
\nBande Mataram <\/i>
\non the dates given. They are not dealt with separately here.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPart Three. Bande Mataram
\n<\/i>under the Editorship <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tof Sri Aurobindo: 24 October 1906 \u00ad 27 May 1907 <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\nThe articles published in this section all appeared in
\nBande Mataram <\/i>
\n\ton the dates given. Most issues published between November 1906 and February
\n1907
\nhave been lost. Sri Aurobindo certainly wrote
\nmany articles during this period. In one of his notebooks he made lists of certain articles, presumably those written by him, classified
\nunder subject headings. These lists are reproduced on pages 199 \u00ad 200. (It will be noted that an article in one of the surviving issues, “The
\nMan of the Past and the Man of the Future”, is not among those listed by Sri Aurobindo. The editors nevertheless consider this article to be
\nSri Aurobindo’s on the basis of internal evidence.) The Doctrine of Passive Resistance. This seven-part series of articles
\n   
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1170<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nwas published in the Bande Mataram <\/i>on the following dates: 1)
\n11 April 1907 
\n<\/b>; 2) 12 April 1907 
\n<\/b>; 3) 13 April 1907 
\n<\/b>; 4) 17 April 1907 
\n<\/b>; 5) 18 and 19 April 1907 
\n<\/b>; 6) 20 April 1907 
\n<\/b>; 7) 23 April 1907 
\n<\/b>. All but the last were published under the dual heading: "THE NEW THOUGHT:
\nTHE<\/font> DOCTRINE OF<\/font> PASSIVE<\/font> RESISTANCE<\/font>". The editors have published the series in a
\nsingle sequence since it comprises a single work with a single connected
\nargument. It is probable that the series was completed before the first instalment was published. In all likelihood it was written in Deoghar,
\nwhere Sri Aurobindo stayed from the beginning of January until the beginning of
\nApril 1907.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\nIt is certain that the series was written by Sri Aurobindo. It was
\nidentified as his by Hemendra Prasad Ghose and Upendranath Banerji, as well as
\nby Sri Aurobindo himself. When it was brought to his attention that a writer had
\nascribed the series to Bipin Chandra Pal, Sri Aurobindo wrote:
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nI was the writer
\nof the series of articles on "Passive Resistance" published in April 1907 
\n<\/b>to which reference has been made. . . .
\nI planned several series of this kind for the Bande Mataram <\/i>and at least
\nthree were published of which "Passive Resistance" was one.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nAnother of these
\nseries apparently was "Shall India Be Free?", which also appeared under the
\nheading "THE NEW THOUGHT". Four articles of this series were published between
\n27 April and 2 May 1907 
\n<\/b>. The third series was apparently the one referred to in the first sentence of the first instalment of
\nThe Doctrine of Passive Resistance<\/i>:
\n“In a series of articles, published in this paper soon after the Calcutta session of the Congress [December 1906], we sought to indicate our
\nview both of the ideal which the Congress had adopted . . . and of the possible lines of policy by which that ideal might be attained.”
\nUnfortunately, this series has not survived, since almost all of the issues of the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>from the two months following the Calcutta
\nCongress have been lost.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nReflections of Srinath Paul, Rai Bahadoor, on the Present Discontents<\/b>.
\nPublished in the Bande Mataram <\/i>on 5 April 1907 
\n<\/b>. A number of satirical poems were printed on the editorial pages of the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>.
\nAccording to Sri Aurobindo, these “were the work of Shyam Sundar   
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1171<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tChakravarti". There is, however, one exception. In his coverage of the
\n\tBerhampore Conference (30 March \u00ad 1 April 1907 
\n\t<\/b>), Hemendra Prasad Ghose devoted a paragraph to the speech of the chairman of
\nthe Reception Committee, a Moderate named Srinath Paul. Hemendra Prasad wrote that Paul’s loyalist utterances “provoked the audience to
\ndrown his words in hisses”, and that he finished his address “perspiring and short of breath” (Bande Mataram <\/i>
\n\t, 2 April 1907 
\n\t<\/b>).14<\/font><\/sup> After reading
\nHemendra Prasad’s report, Sri Aurobindo, who was then in Deoghar, wrote this take-off on Paul’s address. Thirty-five years later he remembered the piece while the book Collected Poems and Plays <\/i>was being compiled. He wrote then to his secretary that he had published in the
\nweekly Bande Mataram <\/i>not only the play Perseus the Deliverer <\/i>and the translation
\nVidula<\/i>, but also "a political satire in verse purporting to be the report
\n\tof the Reception Committee Chairman at a Moderate Conference". The piece
\n\tcould not be located at that time because it had been published not in the
\n\tweekly but in the daily edition, which was not then available. It is being
\n\treproduced here for the first time since 1907 
\n\t<\/b>. It should be noted that Sri Aurobindo mentioned this verse satire and no other. There is no reason to believe that the long satirical
\nverse-play The Slaying of Congress <\/i>was written by him. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tRishi Bankim Chandra<\/b>. Published in the
\nBande Mataram <\/i>on 16 April 1907 
\n\t<\/b>. In 1923 it was reprinted as a pamphlet entitled Rishi Bunkim<\/i> Chandra
\n<\/i>by the Prabartak Publishing House, Chandernagore. In 1940
\na slightly revised version was included in the booklet Bankim \u00ad Tilak \u00ad<\/i>
\nDayananda<\/i>, published by the Arya Publishing House, Calcutta. In
\nthe present volume, the text is reprinted as it appeared in the Bande<\/i>
\nMataram<\/i>.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPart Four. Bande Mataram <\/i>under the Editorship of <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tSri Aurobindo: 28 May \u00ad
\n\t22 December 1907 <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n

The first issue of the weekly edition of the Bande Mataram <\/i>appeared on
\nSunday, 2 June 1907 
\n<\/b>. The weekly edition consisted almost entirely of
\narticles and other features that had been published in the daily edition
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

14 Hemendra Prasad told the story of the origin of this piece in “Reminiscences of
\nAurobindo Ghose” (see footnote 2).    <\/font>
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1172<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nduring the preceding week. It was intended for people in Calcutta who
\ndid not buy the daily, and for circulation in the outlying districts of Bengal and in other provinces. Some articles published in issues of the
\ndaily that have been lost are preserved only in the weekly edition.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nThe articles published in this part are not dealt with separately
\nhere. They all appeared in the Bande Mataram <\/i>daily edition (and sometimes
\nalso in the weekly edition) on the date indicated. (If an article was first
\npublished in a now-missing issue of the daily edition, its exact date can be
\ndetermined if only one issue of the week is missing. Otherwise, there are two or
\nmore possible dates.) The following is known about the one speech included in
\nthis part: Advice to National College Students. This speech was delivered at the
\nBengal National College, Calcutta, on 23 August 1907 
\n<\/b>. On 2 August,
\nlearning that he was about to be arrested for sedition, and wishing to spare the Bengal National College any embarrassment, Sri Aurobindo
\nresigned the post of principal of that institution. Then, according to the Dawn and Dawn Society’s Magazine
\n<\/i>(1907
\n\t<\/b>):
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOn the 22nd August last the students and teachers of the Bengal
\n\tNational College in meeting assembled expressed their heartfelt appreciation
\n\tof the eminent qualities as a teacher, of Srijut Aurobindo Ghose, their late
\n\tbeloved Principal, and recorded their deep regret at his resignation on the
\n\t2nd of August, 1907 
\n\t<\/b>, of the high office which he had filled with such
\nconspicuous ability and so much personal sacrifice during the first year of the existence of the college. They also expressed
\nheartfelt sympathy with him in his present troubles in connection with his prosecution on the alleged charge of publishing
\ncertain seditious articles in the Bande Mataram <\/i>. It was further resolved that a photograph of the late principal be taken to be
\nhung up in the college hall. Accordingly the next day Srijukta Aurobindo Ghose was invited to come over to the college
\npremises to be photographed. [The report here describes his<\/i> reception by the students.<\/i>] The teachers then requested him on
\nbehalf of the boys to speak to them a few words of advice. In response to the desire of the boys to hear from him he delivered
\nin a voice choked with emotion a soul-stirring address of which we proceed to give the substance:  
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1173<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tThe text of the speech was reproduced in Two Lectures of Sriyut<\/i>
\nAravinda Ghose, B.A. (Cantab.) <\/i>(Bombay, 1908), and was reprinted in Speeches of Aurobindo Ghose
\n<\/i>from the first edition (1922). <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPart Five. Speeches: 22 December 1907
\n\u00ad 1 February 1908 <\/b> <\/span> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\nDuring a trip to and from western India in the winter of 1907\u00ad8, Sri
\nAurobindo delivered at least fourteen speeches. Three of them were preserved in the form of transcripts published shortly afterwards in
\ndifferent newspapers, three others in the form of police reports in English, and five in the form of transcripts made first in Marathi by
\nfriends or police agents and subsequently retranslated into English. No transcripts of the other three speeches are known to exist.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nReports of nine of the fourteen speeches are reproduced in this part. Only two of them\u2014 those published in the
\nBande Mataram\u2014<\/i> may be considered reasonably adequate representations of
\nhis words. The other transcripts were recorded in language that is awkward or
\ndefective in one way or another. These have been edited to a greater or lesser
\nextent to make them more clear and readable.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nOur Experiences in Bengal.<\/b> Speech
\ndelivered in Poona on 13 January 1908
\nat Gaikwad Wada, the residence of Bal Gangadhar Tilak,
\nat whose invitation Sri Aurobindo had come to the Maharashtrian city. The text reproduced here was first printed on 19 January in
\nthe Mahratta <\/i>(Poona), an English newspaper with which Tilak was connected. Another transcript, longer but employing more defective
\nEnglish, was published in the Daily Telegraph and Deccan Herald<\/i> on 15 January. The
\nDeccan Herald <\/i>version was included in the Supplement <\/i>to the Sri Aurobindo Birth Centenary Library in 1972 and subsequently in Sri Aurobindo’s
\nSpeeches<\/i>. The Mahratta <\/i>version is reproduced here for the first
\ntime in a book.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nNational Education<\/b>. Speech delivered on 15 January 1908
\nin Girgaum,
\nBombay. A translation in Marathi was published in the Kesari <\/i>on 21 January. This was retranslated into English by a police agent and
\npublished in the Bombay Native Paper Report (a police intelligence report) in 1908. This English text was included in the
\nSupplement <\/i>to
\n   
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1174<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nthe Sri Aurobindo Birth Centenary Library in 1973, and subsequently
\nin Sri Aurobindo’s Speeches<\/i>. The present text has been retranslated by the editors from a Marathi report.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nThe Present Situation.<\/b> Speech delivered at Mahajan Wadi, Bombay, on 19 January 1908. A transcript was published in the
\nMahratta<\/i>
\non 2 February 1908. That text was revised by Sri Aurobindo and reprinted in the weekly
\nBande Mataram <\/i>on 23 February. Subsequently
\nit appeared in Two Lectures of Sriyut Aravinda Ghose, B.A. (Cantab.)<\/i> (1908) and elsewhere. It has formed part of Sri Aurobindo’s
\nSpeeches<\/i>
\nfrom the first edition (1922).
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nThe Meaning of Swaraj.<\/b> Speech delivered in Nasik on 24 January
\n1908. A translation in Marathi was published the next day in the Nasik Vritta<\/i>. This text was retranslated into English by a police agent and
\npublished in the Bombay Presidency Police Abstract of Intelligence<\/i>, vol. 21, no. 6, of 1908. That English text was reproduced in
\nSri Aurobindo:<\/i>
\nArchives and Research <\/i>in 1977, and subsequently in Sri Aurobindo’s Speeches<\/i>.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nSwadeshi and Boycott<\/b>. Speech delivered in Dhulia on 26 January 1908. Notes were taken on the spot by a police agent, who later had a fair
\ncopy typed. This transcript is extensive but deficient in terms of English usage and grammar. (The most obvious defects have been corrected in
\nthe present text.) The notes and typed transcript were put in as evidence in the Alipore Bomb Trial. Reproduced here for the first time.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nBande Mataram<\/b>. Speech delivered in Amravati, Maharashtra, on 29 January 1908. A third-person text was published as a news item in the
\ndaily Bande Mataram <\/i>on 5 February 1908. It has formed part of Sri Aurobindo’s
\nSpeeches <\/i>from the first edition (1922). <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nThe Aims of the Nationalist Party<\/b>. Speech delivered at the Venkatesh Theatre, Nagpur, on 30 January 1908. Marathi translations of this
\nand the two speeches that follow were published in Nagpur soon after the event. Those texts were subsequently retranslated into defective
\nEnglish and printed in Government of India Political Home (Special) File 195-A, and reproduced in National Archives of India History of
\nthe Freedom Movement Papers, Region IV & V, file 94. From there they were reproduced in
\nSri Aurobindo: Archives and Research <\/i>in
\n1980, and subsequently in Sri Aurobindo’s Speeches<\/i>.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nOur Work in the Future<\/b>. Speech delivered at the Venkatesh Theatre,
\n   
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1175<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tNagpur, on 31 January 1908. See the note to “The Aims of the
\nNationalist Party”. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tCommercial and Educational Swarajya<\/b>. Speech delivered at the Itwari
\nBazar, Nagpur, on 1 February 1908. See the note to “The Aims of the Nationalist Party”.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPart Six. Bande Mataram <\/i>under the Editorship <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tof Sri Aurobindo: 6 February \u00ad 2 May 1908,
\n<\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\twith Speeches Delivered during the Same Period <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\tThe articles published in this section all appeared in
\nBande Mataram <\/i>
\non the dates indicated. They are not dealt with separately here.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tSpeeches in Part Six <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tSpeeches at Pabna<\/b>. “Resolution at Bengal Provincial Conference” was moved at the Pabna session of the Provincial Conference on 12 February 1908. A report was published in the Dawn and Dawn Society’s<\/i> Magazine
\n<\/i>in April 1908. This was included (with an incorrect date) in
\nthe 1993 edition of Sri Aurobindo’s Speeches<\/i>. “Speech at the National Education Conference” was delivered at a public meeting in Pabna
\non 13 February 1908. A report was published in the Bande Mataram <\/i> daily on 17 February 1908, and reproduced (in a slightly shortened
\nform) in the Dawn and Dawn Society’s Magazine <\/i>in April. That text was reproduced in Sri Aurobindo’s
\nSpeeches <\/i>in 1993. In the present
\nvolume, the Bande Mataram <\/i>text is reproduced.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tSpeech at Panti’s Math<\/b>. Delivered at Panti’s Math, an open space in
\nnorth Calcutta, on 3 April 1908. This brief transcript was noted down by a police agent and put in as evidence in the Alipore Bo25b Trial.
\nThe last sentence was considered one of the most damaging things Sri Aurobindo said in his recorded speeches.
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tUnited Congress<\/b>. Speech delivered at Panti’s Math, Calcutta, on 10 April 1908. A third-person report was published as a news item in the
\nweekly Bande Mataram <\/i>on 12 April. Reproduced in Sri Aurobindo’s Speeches
\n<\/i>from the first edition (1922). <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tBaruipur Speech<\/b>. Delivered in Baruipur, Bengal, on 12 April 1908. A third-person transcript was published as a news item in the daily
\n\t\t\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1176<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nBande Mataram on 17 April. Reproduced in Sri Aurobindo’s Speeches from the first
\nedition (1922). <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nPalli Samiti<\/b>. Speech delivered at a conference in Kishoregunj, Eastern
\nBengal and Assam, on 20 April 1908. A transcript was published in the weekly
\nBande Mataram on 26 April. Reproduced in Sri Aurobindo’s Speeches from the first
\nedition (1922). <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nPart Seven. Writings from Manuscripts 1907\u00ad1908 <\/b> <\/span> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

All the pieces in this part were written while the Bande Mataram was being
\npublished but did not appear in it. All were seized by the police when Sri
\nAurobindo was arrested on 2 May 1908, and put in as evidence against him by the
\nprosecution. Court transcriptions of two of the pieces were reproduced in a
\njournal in 1909. After Sri Aurobindo’s passing, the original manuscripts of all
\nfive of the pieces were recovered. The texts in the present volume have been
\ntranscribed from these manuscripts.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

The Bourgeois and the Samurai<\/b>. Editorial title. 1906 \u00ad 7. This article
\nwas intended not for the Bande Mataram , but for a certain "Review", presumably
\nThe Modern Review or another monthly journal. The notebook containing the
\nmanuscript was seized in May 1908 and never seen by Sri Aurobindo again. Four
\nyears after his passing, it and several other notebooks were rediscovered and
\nrestored to the Sri Aurobindo Ashram. The text was transcribed and published in
\nSri Aurobindo: Archives and Research in 1978. It is complete in that it has a
\nbeginning, a middle and an end, but it was never prepared by the author for
\npublication. As a result certain passages were not fully worked into the text.
\nThese passages have been inserted by the editors either in the text itself (if
\nthe point of insertion was sufficiently clear) or in footnotes.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

<\/p>\n

The New Nationalism<\/b>. Editorial title. Late 1907 or early 1908. The
\npresent text follows the manuscript exactly. Sri Aurobindo first wrote, on
\nseparate pages, two incomplete paragraphs, each with a heading meant to be the
\ntitle of the piece. Then, on a third page, he began again, this time without any
\nheading. As neither of the existing headings was selected as the final title,
\nthe editors have placed a general editorial title above them both. The "former
\narticle, in this Review" referred 
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1177<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tto in the first complete paragraph is undoubtedly "The Bourgeois and the
\n\tSamurai". The text of "The New Nationalism" was put in as evidence by the
\n\tprosecution in the Alipore Bomb Trial. In the beginning of 1909 this piece
\n\tand "The Morality of Boycott" (see below) were reproduced from the court
\n\ttranscripts by Swaraj, a fortnightly review published from London by Bipin
\n\tChandra Pal. The London text was later reproduced in the Hindusthan Standard
\n\tand elsewhere.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Mother and the Nation<\/b>. Editorial title. 1907 or 1908. Put in as
\n\tevidence by the prosecution in the Alipore Bomb Trial. Published here for
\n\tthe first time.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tThe Morality of Boycott<\/b>. 1908. This essay was found in Sri
\n\tAurobindo’s room at the time of his arrest on 2 May 1908. This circumstance
\n\tsuggests that it was meant to be published in the next or a forthcoming
\n\tissue of Bande Mataram . It was transcribed and put in as evidence in the
\n\tAlipore Bomb Trial, and reproduced from the court transcript in London in
\n\t1909 (see the note to "The New Nationalism"), and later in Selections from
\n\tthe Bande Mataram (see under Publication History below), in the Hindusthan
\n\tStandard, and a number of other places. "A Fragment" (see the next note) has
\n\talways been published as part of "The Morality of Boycott", but it seems to
\n\tbe the incomplete opening of a separate piece.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tA Fragment.<\/b> 1908. This piece was found along with "The Morality of
\n\tBoycott" at the time of Sri Aurobindo’s arrest in May 1908. It was
\n\tapparently written at the same time but left unfinished.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tAppendixes <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\tThe pieces in the first three appendixes were written during the period of
\n\tpublication of the Bande Mataram . Appendix Four comprises an interview
\n\tgiven by Sri Aurobindo while he was under trial in the Alipore Bomb Case.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tAppendix One. Incomplete Drafts of Three Articles <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\tAmong the papers seized from Sri Aurobindo’s house at the time of his arrest
\n\ton 2 May 1908 are two sheets containing partial drafts of two Bande Mataram
\n\tarticles: "Nagpur and Loyalist Methods" (16 
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1178<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\nNovember 1907 
\n\t<\/b>) and "By the Way. In Praise of Honest John"(18 November 1907 
\n\t<\/b>). These are the only handwritten drafts of matter for the Bande Mataram
\nthat still exist. Also on 2 May 1908 a separate sheet was seized that contained
\na partial draft of another article on John Morley that was never published. The
\ncontents of these sheets are reproduced here for the first time.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nAppendix Two. Writings and Jottings <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\nConnected with the Bande Mataram 1906 \u00ad 1908 <\/b> <\/span> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\nThese writings all deal with the organisation, finance, printing and promotion
\nof the Bande Mataram . Written by Sri Aurobindo between 1906 and 1908, they show
\nthat he took an active interest in every aspect of the newspaper’s production.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n"Bande Mataram" Printers & Publishers, Limited.<\/b> This prospectus was first
\npublished in the Bande Mataram on 1 October 1906, or perhaps earlier (many
\nissues from this period are missing), and reproduced thereafter in several
\nissues of the journal. The joint-stock company it describes was Sri Aurobindo’s
\nidea, and it is probable that he was the author of all or most of this text. It
\nwas signed by him and ten other prominent Nationalists. On 14 October, the Bande
\nMataram company was registered with the government. After that date the text of
\nthe prospectus was altered to reflect this fact.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nDraft of a Prospectus of 1907 <\/b> <\/b>. This text was written by Sri
\nAurobindo in his own hand on a loose sheet of paper. It is an incomplete draft
\nof a prospectus for the Bande Mataram Publishers and Printers Company, offering
\nshares to the public for their financial as well as their patriotic value. The
\ntext must have been written late in 1907 
\n\t<\/b>, "a full year" after the Bande Mataram began to appear under the aegis
\nof the company.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n
\nNotes and Memos<\/b>. These seven pieces were written by Sri Aurobindo in
\nnotebooks or on loose sheets of paper between 1906 and 1908. They were among the
\npapers seized by the police at the time of his arrest in May 1908, and were put
\nin as evidence against him in the Alipore Bomb Trial.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n[1] A draft memorandum on the budget and management of Bande Mataram, setting
\nforth the powers of the Managing Director (Sri Aurobindo) and the subordinate
\nofficers and staff members. Date uncertain. 
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1179<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\t[2] A note on the budget and management of Bande Mataram . Written on a
\n\tloose sheet found inserted in one of Sri Aurobindo’s notebooks.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t[3] A note on payments to be made. Found jotted down in one of Sri
\n\tAurobindo’s notebooks.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t[4] A note on editorial work, setting forth the areas of responsibility of
\n\tSri Aurobindo, the "Editor", and Shyam Sunder Chakravarti (here spelled
\n\tChuckerbutty).
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t[5] A note on the use of Calcutta newspapers. The Englishman, Bengalee,
\n\tAmrita Bazar Patrika, Empire, Statesman and Daily News were newspapers of
\n\tCalcutta. Lacking its own reporters and the wherewithal to subscribe to the
\n\twire services, the Bande Mataram lifted most of its news from its rivals.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t[6] A schedule of office work, giving the filing times for the different
\n\tfeatures, etc.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t[7] A proposed schedule of Bande Mataram ‘s proofreading routine. The
\n\t"Anucul" mentioned is apparently Anucul Mukherjee, who was recruited by the
\n\tpolice to testify against Sri Aurobindo in the Bande Mataram sedition case
\n\t(August \u00ad 1907 
\n\t<\/b>). The document may thus be dated to the period before the trial.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tAppendix Three: Nationalist Party Documents <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\tIn 1907 and 1908, Sri Aurobindo was one of the leaders of the "Nationalist
\n\tParty", one of two factions within the Indian National Congress. (The
\n\tNationalists were called "Extremists" by the members of the rival faction,
\n\twhom the Extremists referred to as Moderates. As foreseen by Sri Aurobindo
\n\tin "The New Nationalism" [p. 1109], these "nicknames of party warfare have .
\n\t. . passed into the accepted terminology used by serious politicians and
\n\tperpetuated by history", and it is by the nicknames that the parties are
\n\tknown today.) The two documents reproduced in this appendix were written by
\n\tSri Aurobindo as part of his effort to reform the existing Congress
\n\torganisation or else to found a separate Nationalist Congress. They were
\n\tamong the papers seized by the police when his room was searched at the time
\n\tof his arrest in May 1908. They are published here for the first time.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\tLetters and telegrams written by Sri Aurobindo as leader of the Nationalist
\n\tParty of Bengal are published in On Himself<\/i>. 
\n<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1180<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n[1] Suggested Rules of Business for the Congress. 1907\u00ad8. This typewritten document contains one or two small corrections in ink that
\nseem to be in Sri Aurobindo’s handwriting. This, and the fact that it was found
\nin Sri Aurobindo’s room, makes it likely that it was his work. He was among
\nthose who believed that the Congress ought to have a written constitution and
\nrules of procedure. The present document is an attempt, from the Nationalist
\nside, to formulate such a set of rules.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n[2] Proposed Organisation of Separate
\nNationalist Party. The Nationalist and Moderate factions of the Indian National
\nCongress split apart at the Surat Congress (December 1907 
\n<\/b>). Around the time of the split, Sri Aurobindo was making plans to form a
\nseparate Nationalist Party, which would have its own branches and meet
\nseparately from the Moderate-dominated Congress. This document is an incomplete
\nsketch of the organisation that such a separate Nationalist Party might have.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nAppendix Four. An Interview <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nSri Aurobindo gave this informal interview to a
\ncorrespondent of the Empire, a Calcutta daily, on 15 August 1908, his
\nthirty-sixth birthday. At that time he and a number of others were being tried
\nin the Alipore Magistrate’s Court in what became known as the Alipore Bomb
\nTrial.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n
\nPUBLICATION<\/font> HISTORY<\/font> <\/b>
\n\t<\/span><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nAll the Bande Mataram articles reproduced in this
\nvolume first appeared in the newspaper on the dates indicated. After its demise,
\ntwo collections of Bande Mataram articles, some of which were written by Sri
\nAurobindo, were published. The Vande Mataram Press, Poona, issued three volumes
\nentitled The Bande Mataram in 1909 (this collection was quickly proscribed by
\nthe British government). The Swaraj Publishing House, Benares, published
\nSelections from the Bande Mataram <\/i>in 1922.
\n\t<\/span> <\/p>\n

\nIn 1957, 1958 and 1964 a number of Bande Mataram articles ascribed
\n\tto Sri Aurobindo were published by Professors Haridas and Uma Mukherjee in
\nthree volumes: "Bande Mataram" and Indian Nationalism, Sri Aurobindo’s Political
\nThought, and Sri Aurobindo and the New Thought in Indian Politics (see footnote
\n8 for bibliographical  <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tPage \u2013 1181<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\n\tdetails). The selection of the articles was the work of the Mukherjees,
\n\tassisted in the first two volumes by Hemendra Prasad Ghose. <\/span> <\/p>\n

\n\t\tThe seven
\n\tarticles making up The Doctrine of Passive Resistance <\/i>were published as a booklet by the Sri Aurobindo Ashram in 1948 and
\n\tsubsequently. In 1965 the same publisher brought out a selection of
\n\tthirty-four articles thought to be by Sri Aurobindo in another booklet
\n\tentitled On Nationalism. A new selection of fifty-six articles was brought
\n\tout in 1996 as Part Three of the second edition of On Nationalism. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\tTwo of
\n\tSri Aurobindo’s speeches were printed in Bombay in 1908
\nas Two Lectures of Sriyut Aravinda Ghose, B. A. (Cantab.). These and other
\nspeeches were subsequently reproduced in various collections in English and in
\nMarathi and Gujarati translation. In 1922 six speeches from the Bande Mataram
\nperiod, along with six from the Karmayogin period (1909 \u00ad 10) and "An Open
\nLetter to My Countrymen" (1909), were published by the Prabartak Publishing
\nHouse, Chandernagore, as Speeches of Aurobindo Ghose. This book was reproduced
\nby the Arya Publishing House, Calcutta, in 1948 under the shortened title
\nSpeeches, and by the Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, in 1952. In the fourth
\nedition, brought out by the same publisher in 1969, another open letter, "To My
\nCountrymen", was included. More additions were made to the fifth (1974) and
\nsixth (1993) editions. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\tIn 1972 an attempt was made to publish all Bande Mataram
\narticles written by Sri Aurobindo, all speeches delivered by him during the
\nBande Mataram period, and all available political writings from his manuscripts
\nunder the title Bande Mataram: Early Political Writings \u00ad I. This book was
\nreprinted in 1973 and 1995. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\tThe present volume corresponds largely to Bande
\nMataram: Early Political Writings \u00ad I. The selection of the articles has been
\ncompletely redone, but it does not differ greatly from the selection made for
\nthe 1972 volume. All available manuscript writings and speeches have been
\nincluded, several of them appearing here for the first time in a book. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n

\n\tPage \u2013 1182<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\t\t\t<\/font>
\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t
\n\tHOME<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Note on the Texts   BANDE MATARAM: POLITICAL WRITINGS AND SPEECHES 1890 \u00ad 1908 includes all of Sri Aurobindo’s surviving political writings and speeches from…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-06-07-bande-mataram","wpcat-54-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2702"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2702\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}