{"id":3101,"date":"2013-07-13T01:45:56","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:45:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=3101"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:45:56","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:45:56","slug":"39-the-ancient-cycle-of-prenational-empire-building-vol-25-the-human-cycle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/03-cwsa\/25-the-human-cycle\/39-the-ancient-cycle-of-prenational-empire-building-vol-25-the-human-cycle","title":{"rendered":"-39_The Ancient Cycle of Prenational Empire-Building.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n\n
\n

\n\t\t\tChapter XII <\/font> <\/b><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Ancient Cycle of Prenational Empire-Building \u2014
\n\t\t\tThe Modern Cycle of Nation-Building <\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tW<\/font>E HAVE<\/b> seen that the building of the true national unit was a
\n\t\t\tproblem of human aggregation left over by the ancient world to the
\n\t\t\tmediaeval. The ancient world started from the tribe, the city state,
\n\t\t\tthe clan, the small regional state \u2014 all of them minor units living
\n\t\t\tin the midst of other like units which were similar to them in
\n\t\t\tgeneral type, kin usually in language and most often or very largely
\n\t\t\tin race, marked off at least from other divisions of humanity by a
\n\t\t\ttendency towards a common civilisation and protected in that
\n\t\t\tcommunity with each other and in their diversity from others by
\n\t\t\tfavourable geographical circumstances. Thus Greece, Italy, Gaul,
\n\t\t\tEgypt, China, Medo-Persia, India, Arabia, Israel, all began with a
\n\t\t\tloose cultural and geographical aggregation which made them separate
\n\t\t\tand distinct culture-units before they could become nation-units.
\n\t\t\tWithin that loose unity the tribe, clan or city or regional states
\n\t\t\tformed in the vague mass so many points of distinct, vigorous and
\n\t\t\tcompact unity which felt indeed more and more powerfully the
\n\t\t\tdivergence and opposition of their larger cultural oneness to the
\n\t\t\toutside world but could feel also and often much more nearly and
\n\t\t\tacutely their own divergences, contrasts and oppositions. Where this
\n\t\t\tsense of local distinctness was most acute, there the problem of
\n\t\t\tnational unification was necessarily more difficult and its
\n\t\t\tsolution, when made, tended to be more illusory. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tThe solution was in most cases attempted. In Egypt and Judaea it was
\n\t\t\tsuccessfully found even in that ancient cycle of historical
\n\t\t\tevolution; but in the latter instance certainly, in the former
\n\t\t\tprobably, the full result came only by the hard discipline of
\n\t\t\tsubjection to a foreign yoke.    <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tPage \u2013 364<\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t Where this discipline was lacking, where the nation-unity was in
\n\t\t\t\tsome sort achieved from within, \u2014 usually through the conquest
\n\t\t\t\tof all the rest by one strong clan, city, regional unit such as
\n\t\t\t\tRome, Macedon, the mountain clans of Persia, \u2014 the new State,
\n\t\t\t\tinstead of waiting to base firmly its achievement and lay the
\n\t\t\t\tfoundations of the national unity deep and strong, proceeded at
\n\t\t\t\tonce to overshoot its immediate necessity and embark on a career
\n\t\t\t\tof conquest. Before the psychological roots of the national
\n\t\t\t\tunity had been driven deep, before the nation was firmly
\n\t\t\t\tself-conscious, irresistibly possessed of its oneness and
\n\t\t\t\tinvincibly attached to it, the governing State impelled by the
\n\t\t\t\tmilitary impulsion which had carried it so far attempted
\n\t\t\t\timmediately to form by the same means a larger empire-aggregate.
\n\t\t\t\tAssyria, Macedon, Rome, Persia, later on Arabia followed all the
\n\t\t\t\tsame tendency and the same cycle. The great invasion of Europe
\n\t\t\t\tand Western Asia by the Gaelic race and the subsequent disunion
\n\t\t\t\tand decline of Gaul were probably due to the same phenomenon and
\n\t\t\t\tproceeded from a still more immature and ill-formed unification
\n\t\t\t\tthan the Macedonian. All became the starting-point of great
\n\t\t\t\tempire-movements before they had become the keystone of securely
\n\t\t\t\tbuilt national unities. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tThese empires, therefore, could not endure. Some lasted longer than
\n\t\t\tothers because they had laid down firmer foundations in the central
\n\t\t\tnation-unity, as did Rome in Italy. In Greece Philip, the first
\n\t\t\tunifier, made a rapid but imperfect sketch of unification, the
\n\t\t\tcelerity of which had been made possible by the previous and yet
\n\t\t\tlooser Spartan domination; and had he been followed by successors of
\n\t\t\ta patient talent rather than by a man of vast imagination and
\n\t\t\tsupreme genius, this first rough practical outline might have been
\n\t\t\tfilled in, strengthened and an enduring work achieved. One who first
\n\t\t\tfounds on a large scale and rapidly, needs always as his successor a
\n\t\t\tman with the talent or the genius for organisation rather than an
\n\t\t\timpetus for expansion. A Caesar followed by an Augustus meant a work
\n\t\t\tof massive durability; a Philip followed by an Alexander an
\n\t\t\tachievement of great importance to the world by its results, but in
\n\t\t\titself a mere splendour of short-lived brilliance. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tPage \u2013 365<\/p>\n

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\n

Rome, to whom careful Nature denied any man of commanding genius until she had
\nfirmly unified Italy and laid the basis of her empire, was able to build much
\nmore firmly; nevertheless, she founded that empire not as the centre and head of
\na great nation, but still as a dominant city using a subject Italy for the
\nspringing-board to leap upon and subjugate the surrounding world. Therefore she
\nhad to face a much more difficult problem of assimilation, that of
\nnation-nebulae and formed or inchoate cultures different from her own, before
\nshe had achieved and learned to apply to the new problem the art of complete and
\nabsolute unification on a smaller and easier scale, before she had welded into
\none living national organism, no longer Roman but Italian, the elements of
\ndifference and community offered by the Gallic, Latin, Umbrian, Oscan and
\nGraeco-Apulian factors in ancient Italy. Therefore, although her empire endured
\nfor several centuries, it achieved temporary conservation at the cost of energy
\nof vitality and inner vigour; it accomplished neither the nation-unit nor the
\ndurable empire-unity, and like other ancient empires it had to collapse and make
\nroom for a new era of true nation-building. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tIt is necessary to emphasise where the error lay. The
\n\t\t\tadministrative, political, economic organisation of mankind in
\n\t\t\taggregates of smaller or greater size is a work which belongs at its
\n\t\t\tbasis to the same order of phenomena as the creation of vital
\n\t\t\torganisms in physical Nature. It uses, that is to say, primarily
\n\t\t\texternal and physical methods governed by the principles of physical
\n\t\t\tlife-energy intent on the creation of living forms, although its
\n\t\t\tinner object is to deliver, to manifest and to bring into secure
\n\t\t\tworking a supraphysical, a psychological principle latent behind the
\n\t\t\toperations of the life and the body. To build a strong and durable
\n\t\t\tbody and vital functioning for a distinct, powerful, well-centred
\n\t\t\tand well-diffused corporate ego is its whole aim and method. In this
\n\t\t\tprocess, as we have seen, first smaller distinct units in a larger
\n\t\t\tloose unity are formed; these have a strong psychological existence
\n\t\t\tand a well-developed body and vital functioning, but in the larger
\n\t\t\tmass the psychological sense and the vital energy are present but
\n\t\t\tunorganised and without power of definite functioning, and the body
\n\t\t\tis a fluid quantity or a half-nebulous or at most a half-fluid,
\n\t\t\thalf-solidified mass, a plasm rather than a body. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tPage \u2013 366<\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t This has in its turn to be formed and organised; a firm physical
\n\t\t\t\tshape has to be made for it, a well-defined vital functioning
\n\t\t\t\tand a clear psychological reality, self-consciousness and mental
\n\t\t\t\twill-to-be. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tThus a new larger unity is formed; and this again finds itself among
\n\t\t\ta number of similar unities which it looks on first as hostile and
\n\t\t\tquite different from itself, then enters into a sort of community in
\n\t\t\tdifference with them, till again we find repeated the original
\n\t\t\tphenomenon of a number of smaller distinct units in a wider loose
\n\t\t\tunity. The contained units are larger and more complex than before,
\n\t\t\tthe containing unity is also larger and more complex than before,
\n\t\t\tbut the essential position is the same and a similar problem
\n\t\t\tpresents itself for solution. Thus in the beginning there was the
\n\t\t\tphenomenon of city states and regional peoples coexisting as
\n\t\t\tdisunited parts of a loose geographical and cultural unity, Italy or
\n\t\t\tHellas, and there was the problem of creating the Hellenic or
\n\t\t\tItalian nation. Afterwards there came instead the phenomenon of
\n\t\t\tnation-units formed or in formation coexisting as disunited parts of
\n\t\t\tthe loose geographical and cultural unity, first, of Christendom,
\n\t\t\tthen, of Europe, and with it the problem of the union of this
\n\t\t\tChristendom or of this Europe which, though more than once conceived
\n\t\t\tby individual statesmen or political thinkers, was never achieved
\n\t\t\tnor even the first steps attempted. Before its difficulties could be
\n\t\t\tsolved, the modern movement with its unifying forces has presented
\n\t\t\tto us the new and more complex phenomenon of a number of nationunits
\n\t\t\tand empire-units embedded in the loose, but growing
\n\t\t\tlifeinterdependence and commercial close-connection of mankind, and
\n\t\t\tthe attendant problem of the unification of mankind already
\n\t\t\tovershadows the unfulfilled dream of the unification of Europe. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tIn physical Nature vital organisms cannot live entirely on
\n\t\t\tthemselves; they live either by interchange with other vital
\n\t\t\torganisms or partly by that interchange and partly by devouring
\n\t\t\tothers; for these are the processes of assimilation common to
\n\t\t\tseparated physical life. In unification of life, on the other hand,
\n\t\t\tan assimilation is possible which goes beyond this alternative of
\n\t\t\teither the devouring of one by another or a continued separate
\n\t\t\tdistinctness which limits assimilation to a mutual reception of the
\n\t\t\tenergies discharged by one life upon another.   <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tPage \u2013 367<\/p>\n

\n

<\/font><\/font><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n

There can be instead an association of units consciously subordinating
\nthemselves to a general unity which is developed in the process of their coming
\ntogether. Some of these, indeed, are killed and used as material for new
\nelements, but all cannot be so treated, all cannot be devoured by one dominant
\nunit; for in that case there is no unification, no creation of a larger unity,
\nno continued greater life, but only a temporary survival of the devourer by the
\ndigestion and utilisation of the energy of the devoured. In the unification of
\nhuman aggregates, this then is the problem, how the component units shall be
\nsubordinated to a new unity without their death and disappearance. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tThe weakness of the old empire-unities created by conquest was that
\n\t\t\tthey tended to destroy the smaller units they assimilated, as did
\n\t\t\timperial Rome, and to turn them into food for the life of the
\n\t\t\tdominant organ. Gaul, Spain, Africa, Egypt were thus killed, turned
\n\t\t\tinto dead matter and their energy drawn into the centre, Rome; thus
\n\t\t\tthe empire became a great dying mass on which the life of Rome fed
\n\t\t\tfor several centuries. In such a method, however, the exhaustion of
\n\t\t\tthe life in the subject parts must end by leaving the dominant
\n\t\t\tvoracious centre without any source for new storage of energy. At
\n\t\t\tfirst the best intellectual force of the conquered provinces flowed
\n\t\t\tto Rome and their vital energy poured into it a great supply of
\n\t\t\tmilitary force and governing ability, but eventually both failed and
\n\t\t\tfirst the intellectual energy of Rome and then its military and
\n\t\t\tpolitical ability died away in the midst of the general death. Nor
\n\t\t\twould Roman civilisation have lived even for so long but for the new
\n\t\t\tideas and motives it received from the East. This interchange,
\n\t\t\thowever, had neither the vividness nor the constant flow which marks
\n\t\t\tthe incoming and the return of ever new tides of thought and motives
\n\t\t\tof life in the modern world and it could not really revivify the low
\n\t\t\tvitality of the imperial body nor even arrest very long the process
\n\t\t\tof its decay. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tPage \u2013 368<\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t When the Roman grasp loosened, the world which it had held so
\n\t\t\t\tfirmly constricted had been for long a huge, decorous,
\n\t\t\t\tmagnificently organised death-in-life incapable of new 
\n\t\t\t\torigination or self-regeneration; vitality could only be
\n\t\t\t\trestored through the inrush of the vigorous barbarian world from
\n\t\t\t\tthe plains of Germany, the steppes beyond the Danube and the
\n\t\t\t\tdeserts of Arabia. Dissolution had to precede a movement of
\n\t\t\t\tsounder construction. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tIn the mediaeval period of nation-building, we see Nature mending
\n\t\t\tthis earlier error. When we speak indeed of the errors of Nature, we
\n\t\t\tuse a figure illegitimately borrowed from our human psychology and
\n\t\t\texperience; for in Nature there are no errors but only the
\n\t\t\tdeliberate measure of her paces traced and retraced in a prefigured
\n\t\t\trhythm, of which each step has a meaning and its place in the action
\n\t\t\tand reaction of her gradual advance. The crushing domination of
\n\t\t\tRoman uniformity was a device, not to kill out permanently, but to
\n\t\t\tdiscourage in their excessive separative vitality the old smaller
\n\t\t\tunits, so that when they revived again they might not present an
\n\t\t\tinsuperable obstacle to the growth of a true national unity. What
\n\t\t\tthe mere nation-unity may lose by not passing through this cruel
\n\t\t\tdiscipline, \u2014 we leave aside the danger it brings of an actual death
\n\t\t\tlike the Assyrian or Chaldean as well as the spiritual and other
\n\t\t\tgains that may accrue by avoiding it, \u2014 is shown in the example of
\n\t\t\tIndia where the Maurya, Gupta, Andhra, Moghul empires, huge and
\n\t\t\tpowerful and wellorganised as they were, never succeeded in passing
\n\t\t\ta steam-roller over the too strongly independent life of the
\n\t\t\tsubordinate unities from the village community to the regional or
\n\t\t\tlinguistic area. It has needed the pressure of a rule neither
\n\t\t\tindigenous in origin nor locally centred, the dominance of a foreign
\n\t\t\tnation entirely alien in culture and morally armoured against the
\n\t\t\tsympathies and attractions of India’s cultural atmosphere to do in a
\n\t\t\tcentury this work which two thousand years of a looser imperialism
\n\t\t\thad failed to accomplish. Such a process implies necessarily a cruel
\n\t\t\tand often dangerous pressure and breaking up of old institutions;
\n\t\t\tfor Nature tired of the obstinate immobility of an age-long
\n\t\t\tresistance seems to care little how many beautiful and valuable
\n\t\t\tthings are destroyed so long as her main end is accomplished: but we
\n\t\t\tmay be sure that if destruction is done, it is because for that end
\n\t\t\tthe destruction was indispensable.  <\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tPage \u2013 369<\/p>\n

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\n

\n\t\t\tIn Europe, after the Roman pressure was removed, the city state and
\n\t\t\tregional nation revived as elements of a new construction; but
\n\t\t\texcept in one country and curiously enough in Italy itself the city
\n\t\t\tstate offered no real resistance to the process of national
\n\t\t\tunification. We may ascribe its strong resuscitation in Italy to two
\n\t\t\tcircumstances, first, to the premature Roman oppression of the
\n\t\t\tancient free city-life of Italy before it had realised its full
\n\t\t\tpotentialities and, secondly, to its survival in seed both by the
\n\t\t\tprolonged civil life of Rome itself and by the persistence in the
\n\t\t\tItalian
\nmunicipia <\/i>of a sense of separate life, oppressed but never quite ground
\n\t\t\tout of existence as was the separate clan-life of Gaul and Spain or
\n\t\t\tthe separate city-life of Greece. Thus psychologically the Italian
\n\t\t\tcity state neither died satisfied and fulfilled nor was broken up
\n\t\t\tbeyond recall; it revived in new incarnations. And this revival was
\n\t\t\tdisastrous to the nation-life of Italy, though an incalculable boon
\n\t\t\tand advantage to the culture and civilisation of the world; for as
\n\t\t\tthe city-life of Greece had originally created, so the city-life of
\n\t\t\tItaly recovered, renewed and gave in a new form to our modern times
\n\t\t\tthe art, literature, thought and science of the Graeco-Roman world.
\n\t\t\tElsewhere, the city-unit revived only in the shape of the free or
\n\t\t\thalf-free municipalities of mediaeval France, Flanders and Germany;
\n\t\t\tand these were at no time an obstacle to unification, but rather
\n\t\t\thelped to form a subconscious basis for it and in the meanwhile to
\n\t\t\tprevent by rich impulses and free movement of thought and art the
\n\t\t\tmediaeval tendency to intellectual uniformity, stagnation and
\n\t\t\tobscuration. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tThe old clan-nation perished, except in countries like Ireland and
\n\t\t\tNorthern and Western Scotland which had not undergone the Roman
\n\t\t\tpressure, and there it was as fatal to unification as the city state
\n\t\t\tin Italy; it prevented Ireland from evolving an organised unity and
\n\t\t\tthe Highland Celts from amalgamating with the Anglo-Celtic Scotch
\n\t\t\tnation until the yoke of England passed over them and did what the
\n\t\t\tRoman rule would have done if it had not been stayed in its
\n\t\t\texpansion by the Grampians and the Irish seas. In the rest of
\n\t\t\tWestern Europe, the work done by the Roman rule was so sound that
\n\t\t\teven the domination of the  <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tPage \u2013 370<\/p>\n

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<\/font><\/font><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t Western countries by the tribal nations of Germany failed to revive
\n\t\t\t\tthe old strongly marked and obstinately separative clannation.
\n\t\t\t\tIt created in its stead the regional kingdoms of Germany and the
\n\t\t\t\tfeudal and provincial divisions of France and Spain; but it was
\n\t\t\t\tonly in Germany, which like Ireland and the Scotch highlands had
\n\t\t\t\tnot endured the Roman yoke, that this regional life proved a
\n\t\t\t\tserious obstacle to unification. In France it seemed for a time
\n\t\t\t\tto prevent it, but in reality it resisted only long enough to
\n\t\t\t\tmake itself of value as an element of richness and variation in
\n\t\t\t\tthe final French unity. The unexampled perfection of that unity
\n\t\t\t\tis a sign of the secret wisdom concealed in the prolonged
\n\t\t\t\tprocess we watch through the history of France which seems to a
\n\t\t\t\tsuperficial glance so miserable and distracted, so long an
\n\t\t\t\talternation of anarchy with feudal or monarchic despotism, so
\n\t\t\t\tdifferent from the gradual, steady and much more orderly
\n\t\t\t\tdevelopment of the national life of England. But in England the
\n\t\t\t\tnecessary variation and richness of the ultimate organism was
\n\t\t\t\totherwise provided for by the great difference of the races that
\n\t\t\t\tformed the new nation and by the persistence of Wales, Ireland
\n\t\t\t\tand Scotland as separate cultural units with a subordinate
\n\t\t\t\tself-consciousness of their own in the larger unity. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tThe European cycle of nation-building differs therefore from the
\n\t\t\tancient cycle which led from the regional and city state to the
\n\t\t\tempire, first, in its not overshooting itself by proceeding towards
\n\t\t\ta larger unification to the neglect of the necessary intermediate
\n\t\t\taggregate, secondly, in its slow and ripening progression through
\n\t\t\tthree successive stages by which unity was secured and yet the
\n\t\t\tconstituent elements not killed nor prematurely nor unduly oppressed
\n\t\t\tby the instruments of unification. The first stage progressed
\n\t\t\tthrough a long balancing of centripetal and centrifugal tendencies
\n\t\t\tin which the feudal system provided a principle of order and of a
\n\t\t\tloose but still organic unity. The second was a movement of
\n\t\t\tunification and increasing uniformity in which certain features of
\n\t\t\tthe ancient imperial system of Rome were repeated, but with a less
\n\t\t\tcrushing force and exhausting tendency. It was marked first by the
\n\t\t\tcreation of a metropolitan centre which began to draw to it, like
\n\t\t\tRome, the best life- energies <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tPage \u2013 371<\/p>\n

\n

<\/font><\/font><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n

of all the other parts.<\/p>\n

A second feature was the growth of an absolute sovereign authority whose
\nfunction was to impose a legal, administrative, political and linguistic
\nuniformity and centralisation on the national life. A third sign of this
\nmovement was the establishment of a governing spiritual head and body which
\nserved to impose a similar uniformity of religious thought and intellectual
\neducation and opinion. This unifying pressure too far pursued might have ended
\ndisastrously like the Roman but for a third stage of revolt and diffusion which
\nbroke or subordinated these instruments, feudalism, monarchy, Church authority
\nas soon as their work had been done and substituted a new movement directed
\ntowards the diffusion of the national life through a strong and well-organised
\npolitical, legal, social and cultural freedom and equality. Its trend has been
\nto endeavour that as in the ancient city, so in the modern nation, all classes
\nand all individuals should enjoy the benefits and participate in the free energy
\nof the released national existence. <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\tThis third stage of national life enjoys the advantages of unity and
\n\t\t\tsufficient uniformity created by the second and is able to safely
\n\t\t\tutilise anew the possibilities of regional and city-life saved from
\n\t\t\tentire destruction by the first. By these gradations of national
\n\t\t\tprogress, it has been made increasingly possible for our modern
\n\t\t\ttimes to envisage, if and where it is willed or needed, the idea of
\n\t\t\ta federated nation or federal empire based securely upon a
\n\t\t\tfundamental and well-realised psychological unity: this indeed was
\n\t\t\talready achieved in a simple type in Germany and in America. Also we
\n\t\t\tcan move now safely, if we will, towards a partial decentralisation
\n\t\t\tthrough subordinate governments, communes and provincial cities
\n\t\t\twhich may help to cure the malady of an excessive metropolitan
\n\t\t\tabsorption of the best national energies and facilitate their free
\n\t\t\tcirculation through many centres and plexuses. At the same time, we
\n\t\t\tcontemplate the organised use of a State intelligently
\n\t\t\trepresentative of the whole conscious, active, vitalised nation as a
\n\t\t\tmeans for the perfection of the life of the individual and the
\n\t\t\tcommunity.This is the point which the development of the
\n\t\t\tnation-aggregate has reached at the moment when we are again
\n\t\t\tconfronted either, according to future<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tPage \u2013 372<\/p>\n

\n

<\/font><\/font><\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\ttrends, with the wider
\n\t\t\t\tproblem of the imperial aggregate or the still vaster problems
\n\t\t\t\tcreated by the growing cultural unity and commercial and
\n\t\t\t\tpolitical interdependence of all mankind.   <\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\tPage \u2013 373<\/p>\n

\t<\/font><\/font><\/font> <\/font> <\/font>\n\t\t\t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chapter XII   The Ancient Cycle of Prenational Empire-Building \u2014 The Modern Cycle of Nation-Building   WE HAVE seen that the building of the true…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-25-the-human-cycle","wpcat-58-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3101"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3101\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}