{"id":3556,"date":"2013-07-13T01:49:30","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=3556"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:49:30","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:30","slug":"07-glossary-and-index-page-41-to-53-vol-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/02-other-editions\/glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works\/07-glossary-and-index-page-41-to-53-vol-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","title":{"rendered":"-07_Glossary and Index Page 41 to 53.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nRamayana, <\/i> the story of the Sanskrit
\nRamayana<\/i> freely retold in Bengali verse
\n<\/b>by <\/b>KRITTIBAS. (A) a 3:426 14:319<\/font><\/p>\n

(Bengal) National College The Bengal
\nNational College and School, Calcutta, was
\nset up by the National Council of Education, Bengal, on 14 August 1906 with Sri
\nAurobindo as the principal. Sri Aurobindo, however, resigned on August 2, 1907. In
\n1910, the college merged with the Bengal
\nTechnical Institute founded by Sri Tarak
\nNath Palit; the united institution came to be
\nknown as the Bengal National College and
\nTechnical School. Some time later, after the
\narts side of the college met with failure, the
\ntechnical side was developed into the Jadavpore College of Engineering and
\nTechnology, which gradually assumed the
\nform of the present Jadavpur University.
\n(D.I.H., under "National Council of
\nEducation") 1:262, 515, 656, 806 2:338
\n3:330 26:27, 43, 69, 357 XVII: 67<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBenoy(bhusan)<\/b> (1867-1947), the eldest
\nbrother of Sri Aurobindo, known as <\/b> Beno in
\nthe family circle. He was a very matter-of-
\nfact person, with a purely commercial mind, a person who looked at everything from a
\nbusiness point of view. (Purani) a 26:2
\n27: 420-21 <\/b> II:<\/b> 88 <\/b> III:<\/b> 86<\/font><\/p>\n

Bent author of the Life of Garibaldi, <\/i> a
\nbook to which Sri Aurobindo referred in a
\nletter of 1907 to Aswini Kumar Banerji.
\n(A) a XVII: 64<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBentham, <\/b> Jeremy (1748-1831), English
\nphilosopher, economist, jurist, political
\ntheorist, and founder of Utilitarianism, whose attempts to solve social problems
\nscientifically greatly influenced 19th-century
\nthinking on social reform. (Col. Enc.;<\/font><\/p>\n

Enc. Br.) Der: Benthamism 3:12, 25-26 III: 10<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBentinck, <\/b> Lord William (Henry Cavendish)
\n(1774-1839), Governor General of India from
\n1828 to 1835. He introduced important ad- ministrative reforms into Indian government
\nand society. (Enc. Br.) a l: 176 111:12<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBepin (Chandra)<\/b> See<\/i> Pal, Bepin (Chandra)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBer, J. M.<\/b> a European with whom Sri
\nAurobindo was in contact in June 1913. <\/b> In a
\nmeeting of 3 January of the same year, the
\nMother (before she came to Pondicherry)
\nspoke of him as having given a talk to her
\ngroup in Paris "about Mantras" at the end of
\nDecember 1912. a XXII: 157<\/font><\/p>\n

Berar(s) The term refers to the eastern
\ndistricts of Maharashtra state, western India, specifically the Amraoti, Akola, Buldana, and Yeotmal districts of Nagpur division.
\nThese districts formed part, formerly, of
\nthe British administrative unit of Central
\nProvinces and Berar. The term Berar no
\nlonger has administrative meaning, having
\nbeen
\n<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nsuperseded by the ancient name "Vidarbha", which
\nnow includes three more
\ndistricts. (Enc. Br.) 1:352, 591, 666<\/font> Berber the indigenous Caucasian people of
\nNorth Africa. They inhabit the land between
\nthe Sahara and the Mediterranean, from
\nEgypt to the Atlantic coast. On the evidence
\nof Egyptian tomb paintings their culture
\nderives from earlier than 2400 BC. (Enc.
\nBr.; Col. Enc.) 1:881<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBerenice<\/b> Egyptian cousin of Timocles in Sri
\nAurobindo’s play Rodogune.<\/i> (He is not a
\ncharacter in the play.) 6:419<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBergson, <\/b> Henri (1859-1941), French
\nphilosopher, exponent of process philosophy, and one of the most widely read early 20th-
\ncentury thinkers. His works won him the
\n1927 Nobel Prize for literature. (Col. Enc.;<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nEnc.Br.) Der: <\/b> Bergsonian 14:57, 420
\n15:<\/b> 18 <\/b>16:<\/b>122 17:320, 388 22:213-14
\n24:1496 <\/b>26:<\/b>166 <\/b>IX:<\/b>17 <\/b>XI:<\/b>26 <\/b>XIV:<\/b>164<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBerhampur<\/b> a town and the headquarters of
\nMurshidabad district in Bengal (now West
\nBengal state). (Enc. Br.)
\nD 1:222-23, 226, 228, 236, 238-39, 250, 252-53, 256 3: 84, 91 27: 33, 36, 47<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBerkeley, <\/b> George (1685-1753), Irish philo-
\nsopher and bishop. He was the proponent
\nofimmaterialism. (Enc. Br.) 14:<\/b>56 16:265 26:223 <\/b>XIV:<\/b>127, 164<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBerlin<\/b> formerly capital of Prussia; capital of
\nGermany from 1871 to 1945. Now, located
\nin the territory of the German Democratic
\nRepublic (East Germany), the city is divided
\npolitically (from 1961 physically by a wall)
\ninto East Berlin (the East German capital)
\nand West Berlin, which comprises a Land
\n(state) and a city of the Federal Republic of
\nGermany (West Germany). (Enc. Br.) 1:349 2:371, 385 4:24 15:417 26:169
\n27: 466 V: 94<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBenai, <\/b> Francesco (1497\/98-1535), Italian poet
\nand translator, important for his Tuscan
\nversion of Boiardo’s epic poem Orlando
\ninnamorato<\/i> and for the distinctive style of his
\nItalian burlesque, which was called after him
\n"bernesco", and imitated by many poets.
\n(Enc. Br.) n 3:101<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBertha Abelard<\/b> a character – sister of Hugh
\nand <\/b> Walter – in Sri Aurobindo’s story<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-41<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\n"TheDooratAbelard". 7:1026, 1033-35, 1037, 1042<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBesant, Annie<\/b> (1847-1933), British social
\nreformer, one-time Fabian Socialist, and a
\nprominent Theosophist, who spent much of
\nher life in India. She was the president of the
\nTheosophical Society from 1907 until her
\ndeath. In 1916 she founded the Indian Home
\nRule League, and in 1917 presided over the
\nCongress session at Calcutta. She was also
\ninterested in national education, and was the
\nfounder of the Central Hindu College at
\nBanaras. Dr. Besant was a great orator and
\norganiser, a voluminous writer, and a lover
\noffreedom. (Enc. Br.;D.I.H.) 1:718-19, 760 2:433 17:362 26:35, 48
\n27:503 XIII: 29-30, 33, 37<\/font><\/p>\n

\nBethlehem<\/b> a town in ancient Judah, south-
\ncentral Palestine, just south of Jerusalem.
\nAccording to the Gospels it was the site of
\nthe nativity of Jesus Christ. (Enc. Br.) 1:802 13:12 XVIII: 128<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBeulah<\/b> the Land of Beulah: in Bunyan’s
\nPilgrim’s Progress, <\/i> a country of peace and
\nrest near the end of life’s journey. (Web.)
\na 1:909 3:30-32 IV: 112<\/font><\/p>\n

B. G. SeeGhose, Barindra Kumar<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBh<\/b> See<\/i> Bharati3<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhabani Babu<\/b> one of the persons
\n(a Bengali) whom Sri Aurobindo met at
\nSrinagar in Kashmir. He was employed in
\nthe Commissariat. (A)
\nD IV:-195<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhadracar<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> name of a
\nking and people who fled southward, being
\noppressed by Jarasandha. (M, N.)
\n8:41<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhaga<\/b>‘ a Vedic deity of very indistinct
\npersonality and powers, classed among the Adityas and the Vishwadevas. His functions
\nare more clearly outlined than those of
\nAryaman. He is one of the four powers of
\nthe Truth of Surya, and represents a happy
\nspontaneity of the right enjoyment of all
\nthings dispelling the evil dream of sin and
\nerror and suffering. Bhaga is the Lord of
\nEnjoyment. (A) a 4:22 10:20, 53, 86, 287, 289-93, 326, 329, 382, 399, 425, 438-39, 444-47, 458, 463-64 11:22, 31, 44, 82, 143, 172, 228, 269, 326, 445, 466, 494 16:297 17:85
\nX:<\/b> 179-80 XIV: 110 XV: 5<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhaga2<\/b> code name for someone who in
\n1913 asked C. R. Das for money for Sri
\nAurobindo. (A) 27:437<\/font><\/p>\n

\nBhagadutt in the Mahabharata, <\/i> king of
\nPragjyotishapur (Kamarupa) and a friend<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nof Pandu. In the battle he sided with the
\nKaurava, and was killed by Arjuna.
\n(M.N.) 8:40<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhagalpur<\/b> administrative headquarters of
\nBhagalpur district and division, Bihar state, just south of the Ganga River. (Enc. Br.)
\n1:167, 171 2: 402<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhagavadgita<\/i> commonly known simply as the
\nGita, <\/b> a celebrated episode occurring in Book
\nVI of the Mahabharata.<\/i> It is in the form of a
\nmetrical dialogue, in which Krishna reveals
\nto Arjuna the "Supreme Secret" and also
\nshows him his universal form. The Gita is
\none of the great syntheses in Indian thought
\nand is considered one of the three main
\nauthoritative scriptures; its authority is rec-
\nognised the world over. (Dow.;A) Var:<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhagawad Gita<\/i> 1:124 2:3, 7, 19-20, 30, 36, 50, 105, 400-01, 407, 425-26, 428-30, 3:91, 151, 166-68, 171-74, 219, 343, 346-47, 349, 352, 370, 471 4: pre., 43, 46, 55, 57, 60-61, 63, 66-68, 70-74, 80, 82, 85, 90, 92, 103, 107, 109-10, 122-24, 127, 129, 201-02, 252, 276, 293, 298-99, 303-04, 307-10, 312-13, 328 8:77 9:26-27, 33, 218, 320, 326, 370, 478, 504, 510, 541 10:20, 39, 269, 461 11:1 12: pre., 87, 92, 98-99, 136, 423, 427, 457, 461-62, 13:passim14:16, 91, 131, 137, 142, 166, 181, 185, 205, 288, 309, 417 15:140, 398 16:86, 263, 291-92, 294, 330, 364, 401, 414-16, 418, 420-21, 425-26, 429 17:28, 168, 181, 265-66, 271, 292-93, 349, 394, 40, 18:53, 64, 71, 136, 142, 159, 207, 228, 295, 322, 338, 365, 388, 412, 439, 492, 508, 524, 577, 596 19:633, 683, 742, 848, 879, 882, 884, 889, 987, 1019, 1050
\n20: 5, 22, 39, 49, 82, 87-88, 90, 93, 95-98, 100, 127, 134, 152, 166, 191, 197, 208, 210, 218, 226, 233, 258-62, 295, 302, 305, 307, 316-17, 333, 349, 358, 362, 387, 389, 398, 413, 415 21:521-23, 526, 541, 544, 597, 648, 650, 665, 679, 698, 713, 743
\n22:16, 39, 53, 61-62, 64, 69-73, 77, 80, 82, 88, 109, 113, 139, 149, 151, 266, 280, 291, 323, 392, 405, 407, 418, 443, 447, 488, 496 23:527-29, 541, 580, 611, 619, 654, 665, 669, 671-72, 674-75, 721, 748, 767-68, 789, 850, 852, 869, 1028 24:1271, 1334, 1347, 1355, 1415, 1441, 1470, 1473, 1475, 1618, 1621-22, 1627, 1630, 1634, 1644, 1740 25:65
\n26:33, 40, 52, 67-68, 113, 122, 125-30, 136, 138, 151, 277-78, 293, 356, 371, 398 27:311, 317, 320-21, 323, 328, 354, 360, 472, 479 29:737, 815 1:38, 42 11:63-65, 70-71, 74, 77, 79
\n111:68, 81 IV: 150 V: 1, 52, 62, 66, 68-69
\nVI: 155-56, 167 VII: 2, 12, 51-56 VIII: 132, 160 IX: 37-38 XII: 183, 196-97 XIII: 22
\nXIV: 146, 153, 159, 164, 168 XV: 43, 55, 58
\nXVI: 134, 155-56, 178 XVII: 23-24, 34 XVIIL 155-56 XIX: 82 XX: 117<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\n <\/font>Page-42<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nBhagavat(a) (Purana)<\/i> the most celebrated
\ntext of a class of Hindu sacred literature in
\nSanskrit known as the Puranas. It is dedi-
\ncated to the glorification of Vishnu, and is
\nmade up of 18, 000 slokas in 12 skandhas or
\nbooks. The most popular is the 10th book
\nwhich narrates in detail the events of
\nKrishna’s life. This Purana exercises a more
\ndirect and powerful influence upon the
\nHindus than perhaps any other Purana.
\n(Dow.) Var: Bhagawat(a) (Purana)
\n<\/i>4:53 9:418 11:453 14:314-15 17:83, 319 20:257, 260 22:425 25:275 VI: 136
\nXVII: 10<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhagawad Gita<\/b><\/i> See Bhagavadgita<\/i><\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhagawan Das<\/b> (1869-1958), an erudite
\nscholar, eminent philosopher, and earnest
\nand enthusiastic educationist ofVaranasi
\n(Banaras). He contributed much to the
\nmutual understanding between the East
\nand the West. (D.I.H.) a 17:319<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhagawat(a) (Purana)<\/b><\/i> See Bhagavat(a)
\n(Purana)<\/i><\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhagirath(a)<\/b> in Hindu mythology, a
\ndescendant of Sagara (a king of Ayodhya), whose austerities induced Shiva to allow the
\nsacred river Ganga to descend to the earth
\nfor the purpose of bathing the ashes of Sa-
\ngara’s sons who had been consumed by the
\nwrath of the sage Kapila. (Dow.) Var:<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhagiruth<\/b> 3:190 8: 32, 46 16:<\/b> 284, 430<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhagirathie<\/b> (Bhagirathi), in Hindu
\nmythology, a name of the river Ganga, which was brought down to earth by BHAGIRATHA. In modern geography, it is
\nthe name of one of the headstreams of the Ganga, and also of its tributary in West
\nBengal state forming the western boundary
\nof the Ganga delta. (Dow.; R. Map;<\/font><\/p>\n

S. Atlas) 8:32 27:159<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhagiruth<\/b> See<\/i> Bhagirath(a)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhaja-Govindam<\/b><\/i> a Mayavadic melodious
\n<\/b>poem in Sanskrit by Shankaracharya.
\na 22:55<\/font><\/p>\n

Bhalchandra, Sir president of the Provincial
\nConference of the Congress held at Surat in
\n1907. (A) 1:246<\/font><\/p>\n

Bhandarkar, <\/b> Dr. Sir Rama Krishna Gopal
\n(1837-1925), a celebrated Sanskrit scholar, teacher, researcher and author, and a social
\nreformer besides. He was a pioneer in
\napplying Western methods to the study of
\nSanskrit and Indian antiquities, and his
\nworks present a happy combination of the
\nOrient and the Occident. He was <\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nknighted in 1911. (D.N.B.) a 3:77, 81<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhangi<\/b> or Mehtar, <\/b> a caste of sweepers and
\nscavengers ir> all parts of India except the
\nSouth. (Mahatma Gandhi renamed them
\nHarijans, a name that later was extended to
\ninclude all the scheduled castes.) (Enc.
\nInd.) 4:300, 303 22:486-87<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhao, Krishnajirao<\/b> one of the imaginary
\nnames (of the leaders of the secret society)
\nsupplied to GOSSAIN in the jail by a pre-
\ntended approver in the Alipore Bomb Trial.
\n(A) 4:296<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhao<\/b>, Sadashiva Rao<\/b> a Maratha general (a
\nfirst cousin of the Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao).
\nEncouraged by his resounding victory over
\nthe Nizam in 1760, Bhao rashly attempted to
\ndestroy Ahmad Shah Abdali’s power in the
\nPunjab and to establish Maratha supremacy
\nin North India. He failed, however, in
\ndiplomacy as well as in battle, and the entire
\nMaratha army was routed (14-1-1761) at Panipat by Abdali’s forces. Some say Bhao
\nwas killed in the battle. (D.I.H.; A)
\nn 26:353<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhao Girdi<\/b> a term connected with Sadashiv
\nRao Bhao. Bhao Girdi is not actually his
\nname or title, but simply a transcription of
\nthe Marathi phrase "Bhau gardi", which
\nrefers to the utter confusion and stampede
\n("gardi") that occurred in the battle of
\nPanipat after Bhao had fallen from his horse, rushed into the melee and disappeared. The
\nphrase may also mean "Bhao and Gardi", i.e., Sadashiv Rao Bhao and Ibrahim Khan
\nGardi who commanded a large train of
\nartillery maintained by Bhao. (M.V.K., p. 605; D.I.H.) 26:353<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharadwaja<\/b> (Barhaspatya) a Rishi to whom
\nmany Vedic hymns are attributed, the
\nreputed author of the sixth Mandala of the
\nRig-veda.<\/i> He was the son of Brihaspati and
\nfather of Drona. The descendants of Bhara-
\ndvaja are known as Bharadvajas. (Dow.;V. Index) Der: Bharadwajas a 10:<\/b> 55, 143, 159 11:<\/b> 247, 265, 271-72, 276-77, 282, 433<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharat’<\/b> (c. AD 100-200), an Indian sage who
\nwrote about the dramatic arts in a treatise
\ncalled the Natya-Sastra, <\/i> still the basic work
\nfor dancers and actors in India. According
\nto some authorities he belongs to the 8th
\ncentury BC. (Enc. Br.; Enc. Ind.) Var:<\/font><\/p>\n

Bharuth’<\/b> 0 5:199-200 7:909.943, 951<\/font><\/p>\n

Bharat(a)2 a king of the Lunar race, son of
\nDushyanta and Shakuntala. It is after him
\nthat India was named Bharata(varsa). His
\ndescendants are called Bharatas; this term, however, is used especially for the
\nPandavas, <\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nPage-43<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nwhose ancestor KURU was ninth in descent
\nfrom Bharata. In the Bhagavadgita, <\/i> the
\nterm Bharata is frequently used for
\nArjuna. (Dow.) Var: Bharuth2<\/b> Der: Bharata(s) (Bharatas) 3:141, 152, 162-63, 190-91, 195-96, 200, 214 5:85 6:259, 277 8:46, 48, 78, 81, 87, 90 11:146 12:430 13:13, 58
\n14:<\/b> 286 27: 79, 83 XVIII:<\/b> 134, 138, 146, 148, 150 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharat<\/b>(a)3 in the Ramayana, <\/i> Rama’s half-
\nbrother, son of Dasharath and Kaikeyi, who
\ngoverned the kingdom of Ayodhya in Rama’s
\nname during the latter’s banishment.
\n(Dow.) Var: Bharath
\n<\/b>8:10-11, 22 14:290 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharata<\/b><\/i> (Bharata), name given to a
\nsupposed Sanskrit epic of 24, 000 slokas
\n<\/i>written by Krishna Dwaipayana, later
\nenlarged into the Mahabharata.<\/i> (A) 3:144, 199 14:186 27:81 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharatchandra<\/b> Bharatchandra Raya
\n(1712-60), the first writer of power and
\nelegance in Bengali, a court poet of Raja
\nKrishnachandra ofNadia (Bengal), who
\nbestowed on him the title of "Raya
\nGunakara". Besides a trilogy entitled
\n^nnadamangal, <\/i> his principal work, he also
\ncomposed Vidyasundar<\/i> and Rasa-manjari.
\n<\/i>(N.B.A.;Gaz.II, p.664) n 3:95 14:320
\nXV: 62-63 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharat Dharma<\/b> (Maha)mandal a short-lived
\nregistered association of Hindus formed at
\nMathura in 1902. Its headquarters were
\nmoved to Banaras in 1905. The orthodox
\ncharacter of the association and its avowed
\nobject to maintain the Sanatan Dharma
\nsecured for it the support of ruling princes
\n(the Maharaja of Darbhanga became its
\ngeneral president in 1912), religious pontiffs
\nand also a section of the common Hindus, but provoked strong opposition and adverse
\ncomments from many educated Hindus who
\nregarded the movement as reactionary.
\n(S.F.F;, pp. 986-87) 1:705, 755-56 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharath<\/b> See<\/i> Bharat(a)3 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharathi, Suddhananda<\/b> (1897- ), an
\n<\/b>ochre-robed yogi, a prolific writer and poet
\nin Tamil (and also in other languages), whose austere looks and leonine movements
\nmake an unforgettable impression on the
\nvisitor. He practised yoga first under Raman
\nMaharshi and then under Sri Aurobindo. He
\nwas an inmate of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram
\nfrom c. 1929 to 1951\/52. His wide popularity, however, rests on his poetic
\n<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\ngenius. He has over three hundred books to his
\ncredit. His magnum opus is Bharathi Sakthi, <\/i> an epic
\ninspired by his contact with Sri Aurobindo
\nand the Mother, in which he seeks to convey
\nthe Aurobindonian vision of a "super race"
\nin terms of allegory and symbolism. This
\nbook won him in 1984 the first Rajarajan
\nAward instituted by the Tamil University for
\nthe best creative work in Tamil. The poet
\nhas himself translated the entire epic into
\nEnglish and part of it into French. (D. N. B.; Auro-II; The Hindu, <\/i> 23 & 25 March 1984) 27:503
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharati’<\/b> in the Veda, the same as Mahi; in
\nthe Puranas, the same as Saraswati.
\nn 10: 89-9111:32, 83, 90, 118, 293, 426 XV: 39 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharati2<\/b> name given by Sri Aurobindo to
\nthe supreme Goddess to denote her special
\naspect as the Shakti of India. (A&R, XVIII: 194) XVIII: 131, 146 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharati3<\/b> Subramania Bharathi (1882-1921), a revolutionary and nationalist poet, consid-
\nered the greatest among modern Tamil poets
\nfor his creation of a new rhythm and poetic
\nstyle. Even as a child he was a precocious
\npoet: the title "Bharathi" was conferred upon
\nhim when he was only eleven. His irrepres-
\nsible patriotic fervour impelled him to plunge
\ninto politics and he joined the camp of the
\nExtremists. He became assistant editor of
\nSwadesha Mitran<\/i> and also edited Bala
\nBharatam<\/i> (English monthly) and India
\n<\/i>(Tamil weekly). In 1908, warned of his im-
\npending arrest, he left British India and
\nsettled in the French enclave of Pondicherry.
\nIt was here that he produced his best work.
\nIn Pondicherry he also came into close con-
\ntact with Sri Aurobindo and was greatly in-
\nfluenced by him. He left Pondicherry after
\na stay of ten years. Arrested as soon as he
\nreturned to British India, he was released
\nafter a few days. Subramania Bharathi was
\nnot only a poet-patriot but also a social
\nreformer, a lover of humanity, a friend of
\nall creatures, and a devotee of Parashakti.
\nIn the "Record of Yoga" Sri Aurobindo has
\nmentioned his name mostly in an abbreviated
\nform-"Bh". (Gaz. II; Purani) 27:427, 447, 452 XX: 121 XXI: 6, 51, 67 XXII: 151, 174, 177 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharati<\/b><\/i> a Bengali monthly of Calcutta, a
\nliterary organ of the Tagore family. It was
\nfounded in 1878 under the editorship of
\nDvij endranath Tagore. (Cal. Lib.) 3:91 4:pre. <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharat<\/b> Mitra<\/b><\/i> a Hindi newspaper which was
\npublished from Calcutta. Under its two <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nPage-44<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\neditors, Bal Mukand Gupta and Ambika
\nPrasad Bajpai, it became a leading journal.
\nIt was subjected to the rigours of the Press
\nAct of 1910. (S.P.P., p. 1024) D 4:196-97
\nXIV: 99 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharavi<\/b> (Bharavi), a 7th-century classical
\npoet of Sanskrit, author of the Kirdtarjuniya.
\n<\/i>By AD 734 Bharavi was considered, on the
\nstrength of this single poem, to be almost the
\npeer of Kalidasa. (Enc. Br.; A; M.I., Mar.
\n1981, No. 3, p. 138) a 14:301-02, 320 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharga Pragatha<\/b> a Vedic Rishi, descendant
\nof Pragatha. Pragatha is the name given in
\nthe Aitareya Aranyaka<\/i> (ii.2.2) to the poets of
\nthe eighth Mandala of the Rig-veda, <\/i> so called
\nbecause they composed Pragatha strophes
\n(stobhas), that is, verses consisting of a
\nBrhati or Kakubh verse followed by a
\nSatobrhati verse. (V. Index II) a II:<\/b>352 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhargava<\/b> (the Vidarbhan) an Indian seer, a
\ndescendant of Bhrigu, who came to Rishi
\nPippalada from Vidarbha in search of
\nknowledge, 12:295, 299 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhargavas<\/b> a line of Vedic Rishis, descendants of Bhrigu. Var: Barghoves
\n<\/b>(a misspelling) a 10:152 27:158 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhartrihari<\/b> (5707-651 ?), a celebrated
\nSanskrit poet, grammarian, and philosopher; author of 3 satakas or Centuries of Verses: <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nSrngdra-sataka, Niti-sataka<\/i> and Vairdgya-
\nsataka, <\/i> and of the Vakyapadiya<\/i> (Words in a
\nSentence) regarded as one of the most
\noutstanding works on the philosophy of
\nlanguage. (Dow.;D.I.H.) 3:225
\n8:157, 159 14:256, 294, 304 26:254 1:24-30, 70 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharuth’<\/b> See<\/i> Bharat’ a 5:199, 200 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBharuth2<\/b> See<\/i> Bharat(a)2 6:259, 277 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhasa<\/b> (b. 2nd or 3rd cent. AD), the earliest
\nknown Sanskrit dramatist, many of whose
\ncomplete plays have been found. He is
\nbelieved to have written 13 plays, the best
\nof which, according to Indian critics, is
\nSvapnavdsvadattd.<\/i> (Enc. Br.; D.I.H.; <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nGaz.II)<\/b> a 8:137 14:241, 305 X: 117 Bhaskara one of the most illustrious names
\nin the field of ancient Indian astronomy.
\nThere were actually two Bhaskaras recog-
\nnized for their significant contributions in
\nthis <\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nfield. The first Bhaskara was a great
\nastronomer of the 6th century and a contem-
\nporary of Brahmagupta. He was a leading exponent of the Aryabhatta I system of
\nastronomy and wrote a commentary on this
\naround AD 629. The second Bhaskara was
\none of the most impressive Indian astronomers and mathematicians. He was born in
\n1114, and was the author of six important
\nworks including Lildvati, Bijaganita, <\/i> and
\nSiddhanta-Siromani.<\/i> He also published a
\nnumber of works on mathematical astronomy
\ndealing with planetary motions, the lunar
\nand solar eclipses, conjunctions of the
\nplanets with stars, principles of spherical
\ntrigonometry and eclipse calculations.
\n(77ie\/\/(WM, June8, 1979) a 17:193-94 <\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\nBhaskarananda, Swami<\/b> (1833-99), originally
\nknown as Moti Ram. He became a sannyasin
\nat<\/b> the age of 27 and assumed the name of
\nBhaskarananda. He lived for several years at
\nHardwar, absorbed in the study of the Gita
\nand the Upanishads, and later moved to
\nVaranasi. (Enc. Ind.) II:64 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhatkhande, <\/b> Vishnu Narayan (1875-1936), a celebrated scholar of Indian music and a
\ngreat musician. He modernised the science
\nof Hindustani music. The Madhava Music
\nCollege of Gwalior and Marris College of
\nMusic in Lucknow owe their existence to
\nhim. (B.A.C.) 9:561 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhatpara<\/b> a town in 24-Parganas district of
\nBengal (now West Bengal state), just east of
\nthe Hooghly River. It is an ancient seat of
\nSanskrit learning and still has several tra-
\nditional Sanskrit schools or "tols". (Enc.
\nBr.) a 3:110 IX: 29 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhatt, Professor<\/b> an imaginary surname of a
\nsupposed leader of the secret society sup-
\nplied to GOSSAIN in the jail by a pretended
\napprover in the Alipore Bomb Trial. (A)
\nD 4:296 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhatta, <\/b> Nagoji Indian author known for his
\ncommentary on Chandi<\/i> (see Chandi’).<\/i> (A) 17:267 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhattacharjee, Basanta<\/b> Basanta Kumar
\nBhattacharjee (c. 1883- ? ). As printer and
\npublisher of Yugantar, <\/i> in September 1907 he
\nwas sentenced to two years’ rigorous im-
\nprisonment and a fine of Rs 1000. (P.T.I.)
\na 1:548, 565, 744, 771 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhattacharya, Abinash Chandra<\/b> (1882-1962), manager of
\nYugantar, <\/i> and one of the chief
\nassociates of Barindra Kumar Ghose in the
\nwork of organising and educating the mem-
\nbers of their secret society. He lived with Sri
\nAurobindo while the latter was in North
\nCalcutta, looking after Sri Aurobindo’s
\nhousehold. In May 1909 he was sentenced as
\na member of the Maniktolla Conspiracy to
\ntransportation for life, but was released in
\nMay 1915. He published Bartaman Rananiti
\n<\/i>(Modern Science of War), Mukti kon Pathe<\/i> <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\n\t\tPage-45<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\n(Which Way to Liberation?), and other
\nbooks. In his later life he was associated with
\nmany journals, including the Narayana<\/i> of
\nC. R. Das. (A; P.T.I., Remin, p. 22; S.B.C.)I:563 4:258, 263, 293 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhattacharya, Basanta<\/b> See<\/i>Bhattacharjee, Basanta <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhatti<\/b><\/i> full name: Bhattikdvya, <\/i> also called
\nRdvana vadha, <\/i> a Sanskrit poem of 22 cantos
\nby Bhatti, written with the object of illus-
\ntrating the rules and principles of grammar
\nand rhetoric. The poem depicts the life
\nhistory of Rama from his birth up to the
\ntime of Ravana’s death. Bhatti probably
\nbelonged to the latter half of the 6th and
\nfirst quarter of the 7th century. Some
\nscholars attribute Bhattikdvya to<\/i> Bhartri-
\nhari. (Gaz. II; D.I.H.) 3:76 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhava<\/b> in Indian astrology, a god or spiritual
\nbeing presiding over the sign "Archer".
\n(A) 17:257 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhavabhuti<\/b> (fl. c. AD 700), a celebrated
\nSanskrit dramatist and poet, author of three of the best extant Sanskrit dramas, Vira-
\nCharita, Uttara Rama-Charita, <\/i> and Malati
\nMadhava.<\/i> These plays, noted for their sus-
\npense and vivid characterisation, rival the
\noutstanding plays of Kalidasa. Bhavabhuti
\nwas the court-poet of King Yasovarman of
\nKanauj who ruled in the first quarter of the
\n8th century. (Dow.; D.I.H.; Enc. Br.) 3:258, 260, 303, 315, 322 14:241, 256, 305 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhavananda<\/b> a character in Bankim’s novel
\nAnandaMath.<\/i> 8:329-30, 333-43, 346 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhawani Mandir<\/b> title of a tract written by
\nSri Aurobindo and published in 1905. It was
\na call sent forth for help in the proposed
\nerection of a temple (mandir) to be conse-
\ncrated to Bhawani, the Mother. There were
\nclear political overtones in this scheme, as
\nalso in the envisaged creation of a body of
\npolitical sannyasins dedicated to the service
\nof the motherland. Although written by Sri
\nAurobindo, it was more his brother Barin’s
\nidea than his. (A;Purani) 1:59, 61 26:51 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhedi<\/b> literally "spy" or knower of secrets; apparently a name given to a person living in
\nSunder Chetty’s house in Pondicherry (now
\nNo. 40, Rue Suffren), where Sri Aurobindo
\nstayed from October 1910 to April 1911.
\n(A; Mother India, <\/i> Jan. 1976, pp. 12-13) XIX: 30 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBheel<\/b>(s) or Bhils (Bhils), a primitive tribal
\npeople of India, referred to as Nishadas in
\nVedic literature. They inhabit portions of
\nwest-central India especially south Rajputana (Rajasthan state) and northern Maharashtra.
\nThe Bhils are known for their rugged indepen-
\ndence. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) Var:
\n<\/b>Bhils
\n<\/b>D 7:739, 745, 750-51, 757-59, 761, 763-64, 766-67, 771-74, 777, 786-87, 790, 792, 798-99, 804, 806, 813 IX: 1,
\n2
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBheem(a); Bheem(a)sen<\/b> See<\/i> Bhima(sena) <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBheeshmuc<\/b> See<\/i> Bhishmuc <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nBhema; Bheme<\/b> See<\/i> Bhima(sena) <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhide<\/b> surname of a lawyer of Poona around
\n1909. He was the editor of Hindu Punch.
\n<\/i>(A) a 4:222 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhils<\/b> See<\/i> Bheels <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhima(sena)<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> the second
\nof the five Pandavas, and, mythically, son of
\nthe god Vayu. He was of great size, strong
\nphysique and wrathful temper. His weapon
\nwas a club or mace. (Dow.) Var: <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBheem(a); Bheem(a)sen; Bhema; Bheme;<\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhimsen<\/b> 1:63, 836 3:112, 148, 151, 162, 197, 207, 213, 304-05 4:75-76, 83, 93-94 8:29, 31-32, 35, 38, 45, 50-51, 58-59, 77 13:186
\n14:193 27:83 IV: 115 VII: 52 IX: 30 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhimsen<\/b> See<\/i> Bhima(sena) <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhis(h)ma<\/b> originally named Devavrata, son of King Santanu by Ganga. The name
\nBhisma ("terrible") was given to him by
\nthe gods when, to gratify his father’s desire
\nto marry Satyavati and to protect the right of
\nSatyavati’s son and descendants to the throne
\nof Hastinapur, he took the terrible vow not
\nto marry. Bhishma brought up Pandu and
\nDhritarashtra, and acted for them as regent
\nof Hastinapur. In the war of the Maha-
\nbharata<\/i> he took the side of the Kauravas
\nand was the commander-in -chief of their
\narmy. (Dow.) 3:194-96, 213, 461 4:71, 76, 78, 82-84, 97, 102 8: 77-78, 80 13: 55, 370
\n14:292 17:38522:488 27:79 1:21 VII: 53 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhishmuc<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> king of
\nVidarbha, and father of Rukmini, the chief
\nconsort of Krishna. (Dow.) Var: <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBheeshmuc<\/b> 3:1908:40 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhisma<\/b> See<\/i> Bhis(h)ma <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhogavat(h)ie<\/b> See<\/i> Boithorinie . <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhoja(s)<\/b> The word is used in ancient Indian
\nliterature in three senses: first, as the royal
\ndesignation applicable to the consecrated
\nmonarchs of the southern region; secondly, as a tribal name of a people living perhaps in
\nBerar; and thirdly, as a proper name borne
\nby several princes of Kanauj and Malwa.
\n(D.I.H.) 3:162, 189 4:89 5:319 8:39-41 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhoje Dutt<\/b> secretary of the SUDDHI SAMAJ
\nof Agra, and editor of the vernacular paper
\nMusafirArya. (A)<\/i> 2:226-28 <\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nPage-46<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nBhola<\/b> a sub-divisional town in Bakarganj
\ndistrict of Bengal, now in Bangladesh. 1:641 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhonsle<\/b> Indian dynasty founded by the
\nfamily of the great Maratha king Shivaji.
\nThey were a leading power in the 18th-
\ncentury Maratha confederacy. Sri Aurobindo
\nuses the term as an epithet of Baji Prabhou.
\n(Enc. Br.) 5:281-82 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhopatkar, <\/b> Bhaskar Balwant (1874-1949), a leading lawyer of Poona who in 1905
\nstarted Bhald, <\/i> a Marathi weekly, to support
\nstaunch nationalism and equally staunch
\northodoxy. In February 19Q6 he was sen-
\ntenced to six months’ imprisonment for
\nsedition by the High Court of Bombay.
\n(D.N.B.; P.T.I.) l:l40 <\/font><\/p>\n

\nBhowanipur<\/b> a large and important locality
\nin South Calcutta. (N.B.A.) VI: 123 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhrig<\/b>(o)u (Varuni) a Vedic sage and one of
\nthe Prajapatis; "the most august and vener-
\nable name in Vedic literature" (27:152); founder of the race of Bhargavas. Con-
\nsidered a son of Varuna, he bears the
\npatronymic Varuni. (A; Dow.; Enc. Ind.; V. Index) 4:29 5: 239, 250, 253 10: 152, 461 11:73, 184, 344, 482 12:337, 340
\n13:350 15:234 16:254, 261 19:743
\n27: 152, 156, 158 III: 49 VII: 59, 61, 65, 71
\nVIII: 180 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhrigus<\/b> in Hindu religion, a class of sym-
\nbolic and semi-divine beings connected with
\nAgni; producers or nourishers of fire. In then
\nwork they are associated with the Angirasas, Atharvans, Ribhus etc. (Dow.) 10:152, 180, 234, 237 11:91, 272, 479-83, 488 111:49 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhrigu<\/b> (Samhita)<\/i> a celebrated voluminous
\nwork on astrology by Bhrigu, a great Hindu seer and astrologer. It is said to
\ncontain several thousand charts (horoscopes) de picting all possible relative positions of the
\nnine planets in Hindu astrology, together
\nwith an account of the destiny of persons
\nborn or to be born at the time when the
\nparticular relative position shown in each
\nchart occurred or will occur in future. It is
\ninteresting to note that quite a few astrol-
\nogers claim to possess the true and genuine
\nBhrgu Samhita.<\/i> None, however, has yet been
\nable to establish the authenticity of his
\nmanuscript beyond doubt. Probably, there
\nwere many seer-astrologers who adopted
\nthe name of Bhrigu and wrote Samhitas at
\ndifferent times, 26:365 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhrigu (Varuni)<\/b> See<\/i> Bhrig (o) u (Varuni) <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhu<\/b> See<\/i> Bhur
\n<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nBhujyu<\/b> "the seeker of enjoyment"; son
\nof King Tugra, "the Forceful-Hastening"
\n(10:449). He is repeatedly mentioned in the
\nRig-veda<\/i> as being saved from the deep by
\ntheAshwins. (A; V. Index) 10:153, 449 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhupen; Bhupendra; Bhupendranath<\/b> See
\n<\/i>Bose, Bhupen(dranath), or Dutt, Bhupen-
\n(dranath) Bhur; Bhurloka or simply Bhu, the material
\nworld; the lowest of the seven worlds of the
\nPuranas, and one of the three vyahrtis of the
\nVeda. (The vyahrtis are the three mystical
\nwords said by Manu to have been milked
\nfrom the Vedas by Prajapati – the word
\n"Bhur", from the Rig-veda;<\/i> the "Bhuva", from the Yajur-veda;<\/i> and the word "Swar", from the Sama-veda.<\/i> He uttered the word
\n"Bhu", which became this earth; "Bhuvah", which became this firmament; and "Swar", which became the sky.) Symbolically Bhur is
\nthe physical consciousness. (Dow.; A) 4:40 10:42, 171, 271, 275 11:23 12:123, 321-22, 393, 403, 515, 519 17:62 VI: 182-83
\nVII: 68 XV: 25-26, 33, 46 XVI: 140, 145, 154-55 XIX: 50, 52 XXII: 131 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhurishrava(s)<\/b> son of Somadatta and an ally
\nof the Kauravas. He was killed in the battle
\nof the Mahabharata.<\/i> (Dow.;M.N.) 3:121, 192 4:76, 95 VI: 156 VIII: 188 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhutas<\/b> in Hindu mythology, restless ghosts.
\nBhutas are apt to be malignant if they have
\ndied a violent death or have been denied
\nfuneral rites. They haunt trees, deserts, abandoned houses, the hearths and roofs
\nof homes, crossroads, and boundaries, but
\nnever stay on the ground. (The other senses
\nof the Sanskrit word bhuta<\/i> given in Vol. 30
\nof the SABCL have not been indexed.)
\n(Enc.Br.) 4:24 22:395 27:430 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhuvah<\/b> See<\/i> Bhuvar <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhuvanayshwar<\/b> Bhubaneswar, once a ruined
\ncity in Puri district, Orissa, sacred to the wor-
\nship of Shiva, and containing the remains
\nof several temples. In 1948 the capital of the
\nstate of Orissa was shifted from Cuttack to
\nBhubaneswar. (Dow.; Enc. Br.) 5:255 Bhuvar; Bhuvarloka world of various becom-
\ning; the second lowest of the seven worlds of
\nthe Puranas; one of the three vyahrtis of the
\nVeda (see<\/i> Bhur). Symbolically it represents
\nthe intermediate dynamic vital and nervous
\nconsciousness. (A; Dow.; V.G.) Var: <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBhuvah<\/b> 10:42, 171, 271, 275 11:23, 501
\n12:123, 321-22, 393, 404, 515 17:62 II: 38
\nVI: 183 VII: 68 XV: 25-27, 33, 46 XVI: 140, 145, 154-55 XIX: 50, 52 XXII: 196 <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nPage-47<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nBibhishan<\/b> See<\/i> Vibhishan(a) <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBible<\/b> the Christian sacred book. Actually a
\ncollection of books, the Holy Bible, as it is often called, is divided into two
\nparts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The former contains thirty-nine
\nbooks (which are also the Jewish scriptures), according to the Protestants, with
\na supplement of fourteen books known as the Apocrypha ("hidden", of doubtful
\nauthority); other churches include part or all of the Apocrypha in the
\nOld Testament. The New Testament contains
\ntwenty-seven books. The Old Testament was
\ncompiled in Hebrew from the 13th to the 1st
\ncentury BC; the New Testament was written, probably in Greek, during the 1st century.
\nNo original manuscripts have survived.
\nEnglish versions of the Bible are numerous
\nand variously named. The first complete
\nEnglish version dates from 1382. (R. Enc.; Enc. Br.) Der: Biblical<\/b> 1:603 2:19, 156 4:303 5:365 9:438 13:86 14:48, 60 16:82 17:182, 341 20:52 22:206, 483
\n24:1237 25:390 26:265, 397, 483 27:313
\n1:56, 58 11:88 111:25 V:65 IX: 36 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBidyapati<\/b> See<\/i> Vidyapati <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBihar<\/b> a constituent state of the Republic of
\nIndia, situated in the northeastern part of the
\ncountry. Formerly, united with Orissa, it
\nformed one province "Bihar & Orissa".
\nEarlier still, the region formed part of a
\nmuch larger province of BENGAL. "Bihari"
\nrefers to an inhabitant or the language of
\nBihar. (Enc. Br.) Var: Behar<\/b> Der: Bihari;<\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBehari; Biharee; Beharee<\/b> 1:167-68, 226-27, 645 2:255, 346 26:409-10 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBijoli<\/b><\/i> a Bengali weekly, published from
\nCalcutta, dealing chiefly with political topics
\nof the day. It appeared from 1920 to 1924
\nand was edited by Nalinikanta Sarkar and
\nBarindra Kumar Ghose. (Cal.Lib.) 27:483 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBijoy Bijoy Kumar Nag<\/b> (1892-1935), a
\nrevolutionary and disciple of Sri Aurobindo.
\nBorn at Rajshahi in 1892, Bijoy was arrested
\nin 1908 in connection with the Alipore Bomb
\nCase. He was acquitted at the Sessions
\nCourt. In 1910 Bijoy accompanied Sri
\nAurobindo to Pondicherry and stayed with
\nhim there as a member of his household.
\nAfter August 1914, when he left Pondicherry
\nfor Calcutta, he was taken into custody at
\nVillupuram under the Defence of India Act, and put in confinement at Calcutta till the
\nend of the
\n<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nwar. Soon after his release he returned to
\nPondicherry. Bijoy was among  those present on Siddhi Day, 24 November
\n1926. But a few years later he left the Ashram
\nand died at Khulna in February 1935. In his
\n"Record of Yoga" Sri Aurobindo has used
\nthe following abbreviations for his name: B, B., Bj. (A.B.T., pp.l4, 183-85;Purani, pp.
\n137, 157, 217) Var:Bejoy a 27:439, 461, 469-70, 484, 489 XIX: 29 XX: 121, 148
\nXXI: 2, 6, 24, 29, 34, 55, 59, 74, 78
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\nBillingsgate<\/b> oldest of London’s markets, situated by the River Thames at the north
\nend of London Bridge. Since the 16th
\ncentury it has been principally a fish market.
\nThe word "Billingsgate" was popularly used
\nto designate the coarse vituperation of
\nscolding fishwives. It is now also used as a
\ncommon noun meaning "abuse" or "violent
\ninvective". (Enc. Br.;C.O.D.) 1:524 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBilwamangal<\/b> a well-known Vaishnava saint
\nof South India, son of a devout Brahmin, Ramdas. He had received a devotional
\neducation from his father. But after the
\ndeath of his parents Bilwamangal fell into
\nbad society and got completely engrossed in
\nthe love of a prostitute, Chintamani, till one
\nday a biting reproach from her for his blind
\ninfatuation, suddenly opened his eyes and his
\nlove turned towards God with the same in-
\ntensity of emotion. Once again, however, the
\nsight of a beautiful woman gave him a jolt, but soon after he came to himself. Holding
\nhis eyes responsible for the slip, he pierced
\nthem each with a thorn and became blind. In
\nthat state, it is said, Krishna himself used to
\ncome to him as a boy to provide him food, and one day led him to Vrindavan. (Bhakta
\nCh.) a 23:546, 553, 609 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBindusor<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> name of an
\nancient pool situated north of Mt. KAILASA.
\n(M.N.) 8:31 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBinod Babu<\/b> See Gupta, Binode Kumar <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBinyon, Laurence<\/b> (1869-1943), English poet, dramatist, and art historian who was a pion-
\neer in the European study of Far Eastern
\npainting. He is also noted for his verse
\ntranslation of Dante’s Divina Commedia.
\n<\/i>Laurence Binyon was a classmate and close
\nfriend of Sri Aurobindo’s brother
\nManmohan. (Enc. Br.)
\n14:47, 227 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBipasha<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> a river of the
\nPunjab, now called the Beas; it is one of the
\nfive rivers within the frontiers of which the
\nAryans originally dwelt. (A)
\nD 5:246 27:156 <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nPage-48<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nBirbhum<\/b> name of a district in Burdwan
\ndivision of Bengal (now West Bengal state).
\n(Enc. Br.) 27:484 <\/font><\/p>\n

\nBird of Fire, The<\/i> a poem by Sri Aurobindo, written on 15-10-1933. It is in the nature of a
\nmetrical experiment. 5:578 9:<\/b>360, 363, 412, 531 26:275, 304 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBiren’<\/b> a fictional correspondent of Sri
\nAurobindo. About 1910 Sri Aurobindo
\npresented his ideas on Indian and European
\ncultures and their contrasts in the form of
\nletters, some of them addressed to this
\nimaginary "Biren". (A & R, VI:<\/b> 207) 3:461 VI: 195, 199 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBiren2<\/b> one of the speakers – the extremist –
\nin Sri Aurobindo’s dialogue "At the Society’s
\nChambers". (A) 3:471 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBiren3<\/b> (for references occurring in Vol. 26)
\nSee<\/i> Ghose, Biren <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBiren4<\/b> Probably Biren Ghose. Possibly
\nanother Biren is intended: for example, Biren Roy, a cook who served in Sri
\nAurobindo’s household around 1913-14 and
\nwho was a C.I.D. spy. (Purani, pp. 153-55; <\/font><\/p>\n

\nL to SL, pp. 31-32) 27:435, 438, 440, 452-53 <\/b> XXI:<\/b> 84 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBirendra<\/b> See<\/i> Sen, Birendra Chandra <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBirkenhead<\/b> Frederick Edwin Smith, 1st Earl
\nofBirkenhead (1872-1930), a very successful
\nEnglish lawyer and statesman, and a noted
\norator; Secretary of State for India (1924-28)
\nin Baldwin’s second ministry. (Enc. Br.) 26:389 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBirley<\/b> L. Birley, I.C.S., District Magistrate
\nof 24 Parganas, Bengal, who in August 1908
\ncommitted Sri Aurobindo and others arrested in the Alipore Bomb Case to the Court
\nof Sessions. (A.B.T.) a 4:285-86, 289, 293 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBirrell, <\/b> Augustine (1850-1933), English
\npolitician and man of letters. As Chief
\nSecretary for Ireland (1907-16), he was
\nresponsible for failing to prevent the Easter
\nWeek Rising (1916) of Irish nationalists in
\nDublin. (Enc.Br.) 367 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBirth of the War-God, The<\/b><\/i> See Kumara-
\n<\/i>
\n<\/b> sambhavam<\/i> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBis(h)abriksha<\/i><\/b> (Poison-Tree), a Bengali
\nnovel (1873) by Bankim Chandra, containing
\nsome striking and faithful pictures of Indian
\nlife and posing the problem of widow remar-
\nriage. It first came out serially in the Banga-
\ndarshan<\/i> from its first issue, and was put in
\nbook-form in 1873. (Enc. Br.; A; B.R.-I) 3:91, 94 17:345 27:353 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBismarck, <\/b> Otto von (1815-98), German
\nstatesman, founder and first chancellor <\/b>of  the<\/font>
\n<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nGerman Empire, and a political genius of the
\nhighest rank. (Enc. Br.) 1:139, 309 15:’34, 503 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBitosta<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> a river of the
\nPunjab, now called the Jhelum; it is one of
\nthe five rivers within the frontiers of which
\nthe Aryans originally dwelt. It flows through
\nKashmir and Punjab. (A; M.N.) 5:246 27:156 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBj.<\/b> See<\/i> Bijoy <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBlack Hundred<\/b> "Black Hundreds" also
\ncalled "League of the Russian People", organization of reactionary, anti-Semitic
\ngroups in Russia, formed during the 1905
\nrevolution. Having the unofficial approval
\nof the government, the Black Hundreds
\nwere primarily composed of landlords, rich
\npeasants, bureaucrats, police officials, and
\nclergymen, who supported orthodoxy, autoc-
\nracy, and Russian nationalism. Particularly
\nactive from 1906 until 1911, they staged raids
\nagainst various revolutionary groups and
\npogroms (organized massacre) against the
\nJews. (Enc.Br.) 1:371, 402, 435 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBlair, Mr.<\/b> apparently, a British official.
\n(A) a1:269, 556 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBlake, William<\/b> (1757-1827), English poet, painter, engraver, and visionary, now recog-
\nnised for the breadth of his invention in
\npoetry and painting, and for his prophetic
\nvision. (Enc.Br.) D 9:53-54, 91-92, 94, 116, 123-26, 131, 133, 192, 311, 354-55, 442, 447, 454, 472, 476-80, 482, 529 26:261-62 29:737, 799-800, 809 1:9 11:11 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBlanc, Mont<\/b> See<\/i> Mont Blanc <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBlavatsky<\/b>, Madame Madame Helena
\nPetrovna Blavatsky (1831-91), Russian
\nspiritualist, author, and cofounder (1875) of the Theosophical Society in New
\nYork, promoting Theosophy, an occult philosophical-
\nreligious system largely derived from Hindu
\nwritings, whose followers believe in a pan-
\ntheistic evolutionary process integrating
\ndeity, cosmos, and self. She came to India in
\n1879 and established a Theosophical temple
\nat Adyar near Madras. (Enc. Br:; D.I.H.) 22:483 XIII: 29, 32 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBloomfield Murder Case<\/b> a case tried in the
\nCalcutta High Court in 1907. (A)
\na <\/b>1:503-04 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBlotton, Mr.<\/b> a character in Dickens’ novel
\nThe Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick
\nClub. See also Pickmck, MT.<\/i> D 3:144 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBlumhardt<\/b> a critic who expressed his
\nappreciation of Bankim Chandra’s great
\nwork Krishna Charitra.<\/i> (A) 27:354 <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nPage-49<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

\nBlunt, Wilfrid<\/b> Wilfrid Scawen Blunt
\n(1840-1922), English poet whose impulsive, generous nature found expression in anti-
\nimperialism based on sympathy for small or
\noppressed nations. He championed Indian, Egyptian, and Irish home rule. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) I: 465 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBluysen<\/b> Paul Bluysen (d. 1928), a French
\npolitician, the successful candidate for the
\nseat for French India in the Chamber of
\nDeputies in 1910 and 1914. Paul Richard
\ncame to Pondicherry to canvass for him in
\n1910; in 1914 Richard was unsuccessful in
\nopposing him. (A; Mother-1) Der: <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBluysenites<\/b> a 27:442, 444-50 B.N.S.<\/b> See<\/i> Sen, Baikunthanath <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBoadicea<\/i><\/b> title and subject of a poem in
\ngalliambics by Tennyson. Boadicea or
\nBoudicca was an ancient British queen
\n(died AD 60) who in the year 60 led a revolt
\nagainst Roman rule. (Ox. Comp.; Enc. Br.) 27:93 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBoard<\/b> of Notable<\/b>s See<\/i> (Advisory) Council of
\nNotables. <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBoccaccio<\/b>, Giovanni (1313-75), Italian poet
\nand novelist, chiefly remembered as the
\nauthor of the tales of the Decameron, <\/i> one of
\nthe world’s great books. (Enc. Br.; Col.
\nEnc.) 3:101 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBodas<\/b> probably Mahadev Raj aram Bodas, who took an active part in propagating the
\nSwadeshi movement in Bombay. (S.F.F., p. 45) 4:178 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBodas Ghose Committee<\/b> a committee formed
\nby the Nationalist Party after the split of the
\nCongress at the Surat session of 1907 to devise
\nways and means for re-establishing unity and
\nto maintain the work and objectives of the
\nCongress by preserving its national character.
\n(Mahadev Rajaram ?) Bodas and (Sri
\nAurobindo) Ghose were the elected conveners
\nof the committee. (A-4:178) n 1:840 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBodhisattwa<\/b> in Buddhism, the historical
\nBuddha Gautama prior to his Enlighten-
\nment; also other individuals who are
\ndestined to become Buddha in this or
\nanother life. Bodhisattwa is a conception
\nof the Mahayana school of Buddhism.
\nBuddhists or saints who have qualified
\nthemselves to attain Nirvana in this life but
\nvoluntarily forego that state in order to help
\ntheir fellowmen to attain it, are called
\nBodhisattwas. They receive veneration, respect, and worship like that given to
\nGautama Buddha himself. (Enc. Br.; D.I.H.) 16:210 <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Boeotian<\/b> of Boeotia, a district of ancient
\nGreece, with a distinctive military; artistic, and political history. It lay north of Attica.
\nThe Athenians taunted the Boeotians with
\nbeing dull and slow-witted. So the word
\nBoeotian has come to mean "dull (person)".
\n(Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.; C.O.D.) 1:178 <\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\nBoer<\/b>(s) a name applied to South Africans
\nof Dutch or Huguenot descent, especially
\nto early settlers of the Transvaal and the
\nOrange Free State. Hostility between the
\nBoers and the British resulted in the South
\nAfrican or Boer War (1899-1902), after
\nwhich the Boer territories were annexed and
\nthe Union of South Africa formed. (Enc.
\nBr.) 1:132, 189, 368, 459, 563, 575 2:120, 171, 302 3:193 15:502 1:73 111:23, 26 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBohemia<\/b> the westernmost province of
\nCzechoslovakia. Prague is capital of both
\nCzechoslovakia and Bohemia. (Col. Enc.)
\nDer: Bohemian
\n<\/b>15:88, 625 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBoiardo<\/b> Matteo Maria, Conte Boiardo
\n(14417-94), Italian poet. He wrote numerous
\nworks, both in Latin and Italian. (Enc. Br.)
\na 3:101 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBoithorini(e); Bhogavat(h)ie<\/b> " (the river) to
\nbe crossed", before the infernal regions can
\nbe entered; "the Ganges of the dead", in
\nPatala; "the river dolorous", described as
\nbeing filled with blood, ordure, and all sorts
\nof filth, and as flowing with great impetu-
\nosity. (Bhogavati is also the name of the
\nsubterranean region of the Nagas, in the
\nNaga-loka portion of Patala.) (A; Dow.)
\na 5:256, 325 27:159 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBokhara<\/b> or Bukhara, city and administrative
\ncentre of Bukhara oblast (region), central
\nUzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR.
\n(Enc.Br.) 5:272 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBolingbroke<\/b> Henry St. John, 1st Viscount
\nBolingbroke (1678-1751), prominent English
\npolitician in the reign of Queen Anne (1702-
\n14); later a major political propagandist in
\nopposition to the Whig party. He was noted
\nboth as a brilliant conversationalist and as a
\nnotorious libertine. (Enc. Br.) 1:54 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBolpur<\/b> a small town in Birbhum district of
\nBurdwan division, Bengal (now West Bengal
\nstate), 3:431 <\/font><\/p>\n

\nBolshevik(s)<\/b> member(s) of a wing of the
\nRussian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party
\nwho, led by Lenin, seized control of the
\ngovernment in Russia (October 1917) and became the dominant political power. The
\ngroup originated in 1903 when Lenin’s followers won a temporary majority. They
\nassumed the name of Bolsheviks (those of the majority) and dubbed their <\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nPage-50<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nopponents
\n"the Mensheviks" (those of the minority).
\nAfter the October Revolution, in March
\n1918, they changed their name to the
\nRussian Communist Party, and in 1952 they
\nbecame the Communist Party of the Soviet
\nUnion. (Enc. Br.) Var: <\/b> Bolshevic Der: <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBolshevism; Bolshevist<\/b> 4:330 9:331
\n15:<\/b>45, 302, 327, 470, 488, 506, 510, 560, 576, 611, 627, 642-43, 646-47 22:208-09 25:72
\n26:389 VII: 5, 16 <\/b> XIX: 11 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBomba, King<\/b> Ferdinand II (of the Bourbon
\ndynasty) of Naples, whose treacherous and
\ntyrannical reign extended from 1830 to 1859.
\nHe was called "Bomba" on account of his
\nbombardment of Messina in 1848. (Ox.
\n<\/b>Comp.) 1:505 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBombay<\/b> name of a former province and
\npresidency in British India; name also of
\nthe great city which was the capital of the
\nprovince and the presidency. Presently
\nBombay is the capital of Maharashtra state
\nin the Republic of India. It is the biggest
\nport on the west coast, the "Gateway of
\nIndia", and the financial and commercial
\ncentre of India. (Enc. Br.) 1:17, 19, 14041, 186, 189, 19295, 201, 203, 231, 242, 247, 263-64, 284, 311, 360, 387, 414, 429, 479-80, 555, 569, 571, 586, 590, 592-93, 598, 609, 627, 639, 648, 652, 674, 677-78, 681, 685, 715, 754, 783, 797, 815, 818-19, 825, 838-41, 865, 870, 891, 897-98 2:71, 75-76, 78, 101-02, 135-36, 138, 159, 176, 205-06, 238, 246, 260, 295-97, 304-05, 307, 309-11, 315-16, 319, 329-30, 360, 370 3:73, 98, 129, 426 4:175, 179, 182-83, 191, 203-04, 222, 225, 228, 231-34, 240, 263, 268, 278, 290, 296 7:1027, 1031
\n22:121 23:675 25:221 26:2, 10, 13-14, 23, 45, 49-50, 58, 98, 129, 410, 429 27: 33, 40-43, 54, 67-68, 71, 115 1:29 111:86 VIII: 134
\nXIV: 102, 105 XV: 64 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBombay Chronicle<\/i><\/b> English daily of Bombay
\nfounded in 1913 by Pherozshah Mehta as an
\norgan of the Moderate party. It was edited
\nby B. G. Horniman. The paper played an
\neminent role in the Indian struggle for
\nfreedom. (Cal. Lib.; S.F.F.) 26:390 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBombay University<\/b> state-controlled
\ninstitution of higher learning located in Bombay. It was founded in 1857. After
\nthe establishment of regional universities in the state in 1948-50, its
\njurisdiction, which formerly extended to institutions throughout the
\nprovince, was confined to Greater Bombay.
\n(Enc.Br.) n 1:480
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBonaparte<\/b> family name of Napoleon I, emperor
\nof France. See<\/i> Napoleon (Bonaparte) D [Indexed with <\/font><\/p>\n

\nNapoleon (Bonaparte)]<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nBonerji, Umesh Chandra<\/b> (1844-1906), much
\nsought-after barrister in the Calcutta High
\nCourt, and a Moderate in politics, who pre-
\nsided over the first session of the Congress
\nheld at Bombay in 1885. He was an ardent
\nadvocate of British connection, and Angli-
\ncised in his habits, customs and ways of
\nthought. (D.N.B. – "Bonnerjee, Woomesh
\nChandra") n 1:20 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBonnerji, R. C.<\/b> a poet who contributed to
\nthe second number of the magazine Shama’a,
\n<\/i>which was reviewed by Sri Aurobindo. (A)
\na 17:321 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBooth, "General"<\/b> William Booth
\n(1829-1912), English religious leader, founder and first "general" of the Salvation
\nArmy. (Enc.Br.) 1:8 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBorderers<\/b><\/i> a tragedy in verse by Wordsworth, composed in 1795-96. (Ox. Comp.) 9:74 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBorgia, Alexander<\/b> See<\/i> Alexander Borgia <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBorgia, Caesar<\/b> Cesare Borgia (c. 1476-1507), Italian soldier and politician, who with his
\nfather. Pope Alexander VI, enhanced the
\npolitical power of the papacy. His policies
\nled his contemporary MACHIAVELLI to cite
\nhim as an example of the new "Prince".
\n(Col. Enc.; Enc.Br.) 1:605 Boro Budoor vast pyramidal stupa, one of
\nthe world’s greatest Buddhist monuments, built about AD 800 at Boro Budur in Java.
\nIt is of large dimensions, containing many
\nimages of the Buddha, and having galleries
\ncovered with sculpture illustrating scenes
\nfrom the Buddha’s life. (Enc. Br.; Archer) 9:381 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Anandamohan (1847-1906), India’s
\nfirst wrangler, a leader of the Brahmo Samaj, an educationist, and social reformer. A
\nlawyer by profession, he was associated with
\nthe Congress since its inauguration. He was a
\nModerate and a constitutionalist. (D.N.B.) 4:207 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Bhupal Chandra<\/b> (1861-1937), father-
\nin-law of Sri Aurobindo, and co-founder, with his friend Girish Chandra Bose, of the
\nBangabasi School and College. He also
\nserved the institution as a teacher for two
\nyears. He entered Government service in
\n1888 and worked as an agricultural officer
\nfor 28 years in Bengal and Assam. (A & R, IV: 206) 1:70 Bose, Bhupen(dranath)<\/b>
\n(1859-1924), a Moderate leader of Bengal, who advocated boycott of British goods
\nduring the anti- Partition campaign, and presided over the Congress session held
\nat Madras in 1914. As
\nthe nationalists moved towards extremism, Bhupendranath moved away, and came
\ncloser to the Government. In 1917 he be- came a member and undersecretary in the
\nCouncil of the Secretary of State <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nPage-51<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nfor India, and remained in this position till 1923 when
\nhe was appointed a member of the Executive
\nCouncil of the Governor of Bengal. When he
\ndied in 1924, he was working as the Vice-
\nChancellor of Calcutta University. (D.N.B.; H.F.M.I.) Var: Basil, <\/b>-98, 755 2:143, 206, 290, 293, 309, 329, 335 4:183, 191, 221, 223, 225, 238, 260 26:52 27:7-8, 38, 40-43 VI: 125
\nBose, Debabrata<\/b> (c. 1879-1918), a member of
\nthe ‘Yugantar’ revolutionary group, and one
\nof the real editors or writers of the Yugantar.
\n<\/i>He was a master of Bengali prose. After his
\nacquittal in the Alipore Bomb Case, he
\nbecame a sannyasin, joined the Ramakrishna
\nMission and under the name of Swami
\nPrajnananda contributed to the Mission’s
\njournals. (A; P.T.I.; Purani; L. to Sl.)
\nVar: Devabrata Bose; Devavrata<\/b> 26:16, 42, 57, 63 27: 444 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Dr.<\/b> Sir Jagadis Chandra Bose
\n(1858-1937), Indian physicist and plant physi-
\nologist, noted especially for his research in
\nplant life. He was a prominent nationalist.
\n(Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.) D l:<\/b> 480 Bose, G. C.<\/b> Girish Chandra Bose
\n(1853-1939), friend of Sri Aurobindo’s
\nfather-in-law Bhupal Chandra Bose. After
\nhis return from Europe where he had gained
\nconsiderable experience in the new methods
\nof education, he founded in 1886, in col-
\nlaboration with Bhupal Chandra Bose, the
\nBangabasi School which the following year
\nwas transformed into a college. (D.N.B.; Purani; A & R; S.B.C.) Var: Girish Bose;<\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n

\nGiris Babu
\n<\/b>1:415-16 4:323 26:66 1:70 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Jodunath<\/b> Bankim Chandra’s class-
\nfellow at Calcutta University; they were the
\n<\/b>first Indians to obtain the degree of B.A.
\n(Bachelor of Arts). (A) a 3:77 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Jogendra<\/b> eldest son of Raj narayan
\nBose; maternal uncle of Sri Aurobindo, addressed by him as Boromama.<\/b> (A)
\na r:68 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Kritanto Kumar
\n<\/b>a High Court vakil of<\/font>  <\/font><\/b>
\nCalcutta with nationalist sympathies who
\npresided over a Swadeshi meeting held at
\nHarrish Park, Bhowanipur, in Calcutta on 13
\nOctober 1909. (A & R, VI:<\/b> 204; A)
\na 4:191 VI: 123 <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nBose, Nandalal<\/b> (1882-1966), celebrated
\nIndian artist of world fame, disciple of
\nAbanindranath Tagore, and teacher of art at
\nSantiniketan. He founded the School of New
\nCalcutta Art. (Enc. Ind.) I:428 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Premtosh<\/b> ( ? -1912), one of the
\npromoters of the Railway Union (an
\norganization of railway workmen) at
\nJamalpur, Bengal (now in Bangladesh).
\nPremtosh disposed of most of his ancestral
\nproperty to help the revolutionary party and
\n<\/b>the Swadeshi movement. (A; S.B.C.) 1:151 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Rajnarayan<\/b> (1826-99), maternal
\ngrandfather of Sri Aurobindo; one of the
\nleaders of the Brahmo Samaj, who devel-
\noped it on original lines. He yearned to
\nbuild a united India so that she might be
\nfree and great again. He once formed a
\nsecret revolutionary society which Tagore
\nhad joined when young. He is known as
\nRishi Rajnarayan and the Grandfather of
\nIndian Nationalism. Sri Aurobindo wrote a
\nsonnet on him after his passing away on
\n18 September 1899. (D.N.B.; Purani; Remini.) Var:Basu, \u2014<\/b> 3:78 5:123
\n26:<\/b>4, 6, 16 1:<\/b>68 XIV:<\/b> 163 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Rashbehary<\/b> (1885-1945), the only
\nfront-rank Indian revolutionary whom
\nthe police force of the British Empire, in
\nIndia and abroad, was unable to put into
\nprison or detain in a lock-up even for a
\nsingle day. From 1911 he worked for revo-
\nlution in India, serving as a living link
\nbetween the revolutionaries of Delhi, Punjab
\nand Bengal. His complicity in the assassi-
\nnation attempt (23 December 1912) on Lord
\nHardinge, the Viceroy of India, was accepted
\nby the police as certain, and he was declared
\nan accused in the Delhi, Lahore, and
\nBenares Conspiracy cases, but he avoided
\ndetection and arrest and, in 1915, escaped to
\nJapan where later on he took a prominent
\npart in organising the Azad Hind Fauj in
\ncollaboration with Subhas Chandra Bose.
\nHe fell ill in Japan and died on 21 January
\n1945. (S.B.C.; D.N.B.; R.O.H.; D.I.H.)
\na 27:470-71 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Sailen(dra)<\/b> Sailendranath Bose
\n(c. 1888-1977), a young revolutionary who
\nwas sentenced to 3 months’ rigorous <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nPage-52<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nimprisonment in the Yugantar<\/i> case in 1907.
\nIn the Manicktola Conspiracy case in 1909
\nhe was awarded transportation for life by
\nthe Sessions Court, but the sentence was
\nreduced to 5 years’ rigorous imprisonment
\nafter an appeal to a third judge (Harring-
\nton) at the High Court stage. (P.T.I.;  A.B.T.) 4:258, 261-63 Bose, Satyendra Satyendranath Bose
\n(1882-1908), Sri Aurobindo’s maternal uncle
\n(son of one of Rajnarayan Bose’s younger
\nbrothers), and a native of Midnapore where
\nhe was head of the "National Volunteers".
\nAs an undertrial prisoner in the Alipore
\nBomb Case, he was admitted to the hospital
\nof the Alipore Jail, where he, along with
\nKanailal Dutt, murdered the approver Noren
\nGOSSAIN. In his trial for this offence, the
\nSessions Judge, disagreeing with the majority
\nverdict of the jury, referred the case to the
\nHigh Court and there Satyendra was convic-
\nted and sentenced to death. He was hanged
\non 21 November 1908. (D.N.B.;A&R, XI: 98, 102-03) n 4:275 Bose, Sudhira a younger sister of Debabrata
\nBose, and a classmate of Mrinalini Devi, with whom she lived in close intimacy till the
\nday of Mrinalini’s death in 1918. Sudhira
\nBose, following her brother, joined the
\nRamakrishna Mission, and worked as a
\nteacher in the Sister Nivedita School, be-
\ncoming its head after Sister Christine left
\nfor America shortly before World War I.
\nSudhira was killed in a railway accident at
\nBenares in December 1920. a 26:57 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBose, Tyabji<\/b> See<\/i> Tyabji (Bose)<\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBossuet, <\/b> Jacques-Benigne (1627-1704), French bishop and most eloquent and
\ninfluential spokesman for the rights of the
\nFrench church against papal authority. He
\nis now chiefly remembered for his literary
\nworks, including funeral panegyrics for great
\npersonalities. (Enc. Br.) 26:241 29:787 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBoston<\/b> capital of Massachusetts, U.S.A. It
\nis the cultural, commercial, and industrial
\ncentre of New England and a major seaport, located at the head of Massachusetts
\n<\/b>Bay.
\n<\/b>(Enc. Br.) n 1:127 V:4 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBoswell, <\/b> James (1740-95), Scottish
\nbiographer. His Life of Samuel Johnson, LL. D.<\/i> (1791) is acclaimed as one of the
\nworld’s greatest biographies. (Col. Enc.) 3:231 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBotha, General<\/b> Louis Botha (1862-1919), soldier and statesman who was the first
\nprime minister of the Union of South Africa and a staunch advocate of a policy of recon-
\nciliation between Boers and Britons so
\nas to form a united South African nation.
\n(Enc. Br.) 1:74 Bothie (ofTober-na-Vuolich)<\/i> later name of
\none of dough’s major works originally called
\nThe Bothie of Toper-na-Fuosich<\/i> (1848),<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\n a
\npoem written in hexameters. In spite of its
\noccasional humorous touches the poem is
\nessentially preoccupied with social prob-
\nlems. (Col. Enc.) 5:346 11:27-29 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBotticelli, <\/b> Sandro (1445-1510), one of the
\ngreqsatest of the early Renaissance Florentine
\npainters whose "Birth of Venus" and
\n"Primavera" express to modern viewers the
\nspirit of the Renaissance itself. (Enc. Br.) 9:537 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBoulogne<\/b> city and port on the coast of
\nnorthern France, southwest of Calais at
\nthe mouth of the Liane River and 28 miles
\nacross the English Channel from Folkstone, England. (Enc. Br.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27] <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBourbon(s)<\/b> The House of Bourbon was
\none of the most important ruling houses of
\nEurope. Its members were descended from
\nLouis I, due de Bourbon from 1327 to 1342.
\nThe Bourbons ruled in France (1589-1792
\nand 1814-48), in Spain (1700-1931 with the
\nexception of a few years), and in Naples and
\nSicily (roughly from 1734 to 1860). (Enc.
\nBr.) D 1:335 3:225 15:357, 421 16:324 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBoutros Pasha<\/b> Butrus Ghali Pasha, a Copt
\nwho succeeded Mustafa Fahmi as premier of
\nEgypt. He was assassinated (in 1910) by a
\nMuslim extremist a few days after the project
\n(supported by Butrus) for the extension of
\nthe Suez Canal Company’s 99-year con-
\ncession by 40 years was thrown out by the
\nGeneral Assembly. (Enc. Br., Macro, Vol. 6, p. 497) 2:406 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBow<\/b> See<\/i> Archer <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBow Bazar<\/b> a locality in central Calcutta.
\nD 2: 145 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBr.<\/b> probably, Birendranath Roy, a servant
\n(cook) who came to Pondicherry with Nagen
\nNag in July 1913. He became a member of
\nSri Aurobindo’s household. In fact, Biren
\nwas a secret agent of the Bengal govern-
\nment. (For further details see Purani’s Life
\nof Sri Aurobindo)
\n<\/i>[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]’ <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBradlaugh, <\/b> Charles (1833-91), English social
\nreformer and advocate of free thought, a
\nsecularist, and an M.P. His genuine pro-
\nIndian attitude in the House of Commons <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

\nPage-53<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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