{"id":3558,"date":"2013-07-13T01:49:31","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=3558"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:49:31","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:31","slug":"21-glossary-and-index-page-243-to-257-vol-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/02-other-editions\/glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works\/21-glossary-and-index-page-243-to-257-vol-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","title":{"rendered":"-21_Glossary and Index Page 243 to 257.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n\n
\n

\nPatiala<\/b> a protected princely state till its
\nmerger with the Indian Federal Republic in
\n1948. It first formed part of PEPSU (Patiala
\nand East Punjab States’ Union), but in 1956
\nit was merged in the state of Punjab. It is
\nabout 125 miles to the northwest of Delhi. In
\nthe days of British domination the Patiala
\nchief Maharaja Bhupendra Singh (1891-1938)
\ngreatly developed the state. (D.I.H.)  2:249-50, 353-56<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPatmore, <\/b> Coventry Coventry (Kersey
\nDighton) Patmore (1823-96), English poet
\nand essayist whose allusive poetry reflects a
\ndeep knowledge and understanding of 17th-
\ncentury metaphysical poetry, unusual in one
\nof his day. (Enc. Br.)  26:258 29:797<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPatmos<\/b> smallest (22 sq. miles) and most
\nnortherly of the original twelve Greek islands
\nin the Aegean Sea off the coast of southwest
\nAsia Minor. Both the Gospel and the Revelation to John are said to have been written
\nby John on this island. (Enc. Br.; Web.)  5:61<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPatrawali<\/i> a collection of letters of Sri
\nAurobindo written in Bengali (to female
\ndisciples who did not know English). It is in
\ntwo parts; the first was published in 1951 and
\nthe second in 1959. (A) a 4: pre.<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPatrick<\/b> (Curran) a character – second son of
\nSir Gerald Curran – in Sri Aurobindo’s story
\n"The Devil’s Mastiff", 7:1047-50<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPatrika<\/b><\/i> See Amrita Bazar Patrika<\/i><\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPatriot<\/b><\/i> See (Hindu) Patriot<\/i> or (Indian)
\nPatriot<\/i><\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPattan<\/b> Patan (Patan), a town about seventy
\nmiles north-northwest ofAhmedabad, in the
\nstate of Gujarat. Formerly Patan was part of
\nthe princely state of Baroda. (S. Atlas; A)  27:113<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPattison, Mark<\/b> (1813-84), English scholar, memorable more for his devotion to an
\nintellectual ideal rather than for positive
\nliterary achievements. He was rector of
\nLincoln College, Oxford. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 9:522<\/font><\/p>\n

\nPattison Ely a character participating in
\n"A Dialogue" (incomplete) written by Sri
\nAurobindo around 1891. (A & R – II)
\nD 11:8<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPatwardhan, Anna Saheb<\/b> (1847-1917), the
\n"Maharshi of Poona", famous as the guru of
\nLokamanya Tilak. He presided over the meeting held on Tilak’s premises on<\/font>
\n13 January 1908 which was addressed by Sri<\/font><\/p>\n

Aurobindo. (D.N.B.; A)  27:62<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPaul, <\/b> St. (d. AD 67?), the apostle to the
\nGentiles. St. Paul’s figure dominates the
\napostolic age, and his epistles have left a
\ntremendous impress on Christianity. By way
\nof Macedonia he went to Corinth to help the
\nChristians there, then back to Ephesus, and
\nthence to Jerusalem. (Col. Enc.)  5:366 12:15 17:169 24:1237 27:485
\nXV: 24<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nPaulomie<\/b> in Hindu mythology, daughter of
\nthe Asura Puloman; consort of ndra, and
\nmother of Jayanta. She is also known as
\nSaci. (Dow.)  7:1001<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPaundra1<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> the name of
\nthe conch-shell of Bhima. (M.N.) 4:76<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPaundra2<\/b> name of a people and of a country
\nsaid to include part of south Bihar and
\nBengal. (M.W.) a XVIII: 138<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPausanias<\/b> (d. probably between 470 and 465
\nBC), Spartan commander during the Greco-
\nPersian Wars who was accused of treason-
\nable dealings with the enemy. A member of
\nthe Agiad royal family, Pausanias was the
\nson of King Cleombrotus I and nephew of
\nKing Leomidas. It is conceivable that the
\nSpartans made Pausanias a scapegoat for
\ntheir failure to retain the leadership of
\nGreece; nevertheless, some of his activities
\nseem to justify suspicion. (Enc. Br.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPavaka<\/b> a name and epithet of Agni, the
\npurifying Fire. (A)  [Indexed with Agni]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPax Britannica peace dictated to a subjugated people by the British. (Web.)
\n0 1: 336, 354, 372-73, 377, 431, 539, 563, 598, 790 111:7-8<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPayoshni<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> a sacred river
\nthat rises in the Vindhyas and flows south-
\nward. (M.N.) a 3:154<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPayu<\/b> Bharadwaja (Payu Bharadwaja) a
\nVedic Rishi, descendant of Bharadwaja.
\nn 11:415<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPe<\/b> in "Record of Yoga", used for<\/font><\/p>\n

POINCARE.<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeak of Gold<\/b> See<\/i> Meru<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeary, <\/b>Commander Robert Edwin Peary
\n(1856-1920), American naval officer and a
\ndistinguished explorer. He was the first man
\nto reach the North Pole (6 April 1909). See
\n<\/i>a\/w Cook, Dr. (Col. Enc.) D 2:217<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPecksniff<\/b> a hypocritical personage in
\nDickens’ novel Martin Chuzzlewit.<\/i> The term
\nis now used for any unctuous hypocrite<\/font><\/p>\n

\t\tprating of benevolence <\/b>etc. (Enc. Am.;<\/font><\/p>\n

C.O.D.) Der: Pecksniffian  1:547, 550<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPedro<\/b> a common Spanish masculine name, the equivalent of Peter in English, used by
\nSri Aurobindo in his play The Maid in the
\nMill. a<\/i> 7:857<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeele, <\/b> George (1556-96), English dramatist
\nand clergyman, predecessor of Shakespeare, who<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-243<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nexperimented in many forms of theatrical art: pastoral, history,
\nmelodrama, trage-
\ndy, folkplay, and pageant. (Enc. Br.) 9:69, 82<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPegasus in Greek legend, immortal winged horse,
\noffspring of Poseidon and Medusa, who became the faithful companion of Bellerophon. The spring Hippocrene, sacred to
\nthe Muses, was made by a print of his hoof;<\/font><\/p>\n

it gave the gift of song to all who drank of
\nit. (Col. Enc.)  3: 65, 105 9: 19
\n10: 87-88 XIII: 39 XVII: 4<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPehlava<\/b> Pehlavas were a people of Parthian
\norigin who came to India in the 1st century
\nBe and established some kingdoms in north-
\nwest India in cooperation with the Sakas.
\nThey are to be distinguished from the
\nPallavas of the Deccan. The Pehlavas are
\nalso mentioned in the Mahabharata.
\n<\/i>According to Manu they were among the
\nnorthern nations and were once Kshatriyas
\nbut had become outcastes. (D.I.H.; Dow.)
\na 3:198<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeitho<\/b> Greek goddess who was essentially
\na personification of the act of persuading
\n(Peitho is a Greek word meaning "Persuasion"). In literature she is often mentioned
\nonly figuratively, though as early as Hesiod
\nshe is curiously described as the daughter of
\nOceanus. In both art and poetry Peitho was
\nintroduced as an attendant of Aphrodite, goddess of love. (Enc. Br.) a <\/b>11:7<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPekin<\/b> a former variant of Peking, a
\nconventional Western spelling of the Chinese Pei-ching, the capital of China, which is now
\nknown as Bei-jing, a Pin-yin romanization of
\nPei-ching. (Enc. <\/b> Br.; Web.)
\nQ 7:598<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPelasgian<\/b> of the Pelasgians, early inhabitants
\nof the Aegean area, of vague identity, dispersed and assimilated by the Achaians.
\n(M.I.) a 5:485<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPelava<\/b> a character – a disciple of Bharat, the
\nPreceptor of the Arts in Heaven – in the play
\nVikramorvasie, <\/i> Sri Aurobindo’s translation
\nof the drama of Kalidasa. Var: Pellava
\na 7:909, 951-52<\/font><\/p>\n

\nPeleid in Greek legend, a title of Achilles (son of Peleus). The term is derived from
\nthe Greek Peleides. The Latin form is
\nPELIDES. (M.I.; Web.) n 5:458, 464, 467<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeleus<\/b> in Greek legend, son of Aeacus and
\nking of the MYRMIDONS. For his virtue, he
\nwas given <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nTHETIS, the sea-nymph, as wife, and she bore him Achilles. (M.I.; Web.)  5:405, 414, 420, 464-65.467, 473-74, 476, 479, 483, 516 12:37 11:26 VI: 134<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\nPelides <\/b> in Greek legend, an epithet of
\nAchilles (son of Peleus). See also<\/b><\/i> <\/b> Peleid.
\n(M.I.) Der:Pelidean  5:421, 452, 458, 463, 468, 477, 487-88, 490, 513, 517-18 11:26
\nVI:135<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPelion a mountain of eastern Thessaly
\n(Greece), near the Aegean coast. According
\nto ancient legend, the centaurs lived on this
\nmountain, and the giants Aloidae once piled
\nPelion on Ossa to reach heaven. (Col. Enc.)
\nn 5:498 9:150<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPellava<\/b> See<\/i> Pelava<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPellico, Silvio<\/b> (1789-1854), Italian patriot
\nand dramatist. His Le mie prigioni<\/i> (1832;<\/font><\/p>\n

English translation. My Prisons, <\/i> 1853), memoirs of his sufferings as a political
\nprisoner, inspired widespread sympathy for
\nthe-Italian nationalist movement, the
\nRisorgimento. (Enc. Br.)  1:335.362<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPelops<\/b> in Greek mythology, son of Tantalus.
\nIn childhood he was killed and cooked by his
\nfather, who served his flesh to the gods to
\nsee if they could tell it was not that of a
\nbeast. Demeter inadvertently ate part of his
\nshoulder. The gods brought Pelops back to
\nlife, replacing his lost part bv ivory, and punished his father with everlasting
\ntorture. Later, Pelops, to win the hand of Hippo- damia, had to outdistance her father Oeno-
\nmaus, king of Elis, in a chariot race. He
\nbribed the king’s charioteer to wreck the
\nchariot in the race and thus won the bride.
\nBut he refused to give the charioteer his
\npromised reward and threw him into the sea.
\nThe dying man cursed Pelops and this curse
\ncontinued to work its effects on Pelops’
\nfamily. Succeeding to the throne of Oeno-
\nmaus as king of Elis, Pelops subjugated
\nthe rest of the Peloponnesus (the peninsula
\nconstituting southern Greece), to which he
\ngave its name. meaning "Pelops’ island".
\n(M.I.) D 5:422, 436, 479 7:1016<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPenal Code, Indian<\/b> a code of law, introduced
\nin 1860, that established a uniform system of
\npenal laws all over British India. It was the
\nfruit of the labours of the Law Commission
\nappointed during the Governor-Generalship<\/font><\/p>\n

\t\tof Lord William Bentinck (1828-35), of
\nwhich Lord Macaulay was the most important member. (D.I.H.) a 1:215, 270, 393, 423, 529, 531<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-244<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPenates<\/b> more properly Di Penates, household gods of the Romans and other
\nLatin peoples. They are associated with
\nother deities of the house, such as Vesta and
\nthe LARES. The Penates were worshipped privately as protectors of the individual
\nhousehold and also publicly as protectors of the Roman state. (Enc. Br.)  XVI: 141<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeneus<\/b> a river in Thessaly in northern
\nGreece. (M.I.)  5:414, 464<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPentateuch<\/b> the first five books of the
\n<\/b>Old
\n<\/b>Testament (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy) – traditionally
\nascribed to Moses, the recipient of the
\noriginal revelation on Mt. Sinai. (Enc. Br.)
\nl-l 10:547<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPentaur<\/b> an ancient Egyptian poet who wrote
\non the conquests of RAMESES.  26:234<\/font><\/p>\n

\nPentecostal of Pentecost, a major festival
\nin the Christian Church, celebrated on
\nthe Sunday that falls on the 50th day after
\nEaster. The Christian Pentecost commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit on the
\ndisciples, which occurred on the Jewish
\nPentecost (a Jewish harvest festival), after
\nthe death, resurrection, and ascension of
\nJesus Christ. (Enc. Br.)  3:444<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPenthesilea<\/b> in Greek mythology, queen of
\nthe Amazons and daughter of Ares. She
\ncame to the aid of the Trojans in the last
\nyear of the war after Hector was killed and
\ngave them new hope, slaughtering the
\nGreeks, who fought without Achilles. Her
\nbeauty was such that it is told that when
\nAchilles, finally killing her in battle, removed
\nher helmet and looked on her face, he fell
\nwildly in love with her and was filled with
\nremorse. (M.I.)  5:400-01, 404, 406-08, 412, 427, 430, 439. 443-44, 455-60, 465-68, 470, 474-75, 477, 493, 514-17 VI:134<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPercival<\/b> a contemporary of LITTLETON.
\n(A)  3:486-88<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPercy, <\/b> Thomas (1729-1811), antiquary
\nscholar and bishop whose collection of
\nballads etc. (see Reliques)<\/i> awakened
\nwidespread interest in English and Scottish
\ntraditional songs, formerly ignored in literary
\ncircles. (Enc. Br.) II:, l8<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPere Goriot<\/b> hero of the French novel Le
\nPere Goriot, <\/i>
\na masterpiece of Balzac. (Ox.
\nComp.) n 3:307<\/font><\/p>\n

\nThe Perennial Philosophy<\/i> a book by Aldous
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nHuxley, first published in 1944. It is a compilation\/nostly of writings of mystics and
\nreligious figures. (A)
\n0 22:126 26:85<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nPergama<\/b> a name of Troy, meaning "citadel".
\n(M.I.) Der: Pergaman  5:358, 392-93, 396, 401, 405, 419, 457, 460<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeri<\/b> in Persian mythology, supernatural
\nfemale being, comparable to fairies and
\nelves. (Col. Enc.) a 5:261, 263<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPericarpus<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s drama Perseus
\nthe Deliverer, <\/i> name of a Syrian soldier. (A)
\nD 6: 102<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPericles<\/b> (c. 495-429 sc), Athenian statesman
\nwho brought ancient Athenian democracy to
\nits height and nearly established Athens as
\nthe leading power in Greece. He was a great
\npatron of arts and encouraged music and
\ndrama. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) Der:<\/font><\/p>\n

Periclean  3:10 9:410 14:27, 192 15:89<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPerigune<\/b> in Greek legend, a daughter of Sinis (see<\/i> Sinnis. a misspelling), the "Pine-
\nbender". (N.C.C.H.) D 5:34<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPerissus a character – a citizen and a butcher
\n– in Sri Aurobindo’s play Perseus the Deliverer, <\/i>6:3, 101, 110-14.135, 139, 143, 145-47, 152-56, 167-69, 171-72, 177-78, 180-81, 190-91, 198<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPerizade<\/b> a Persian term, meaning literally
\n"born of a fairy", used for a character in the
\ndialogue "Dinshaw-Perizade" and for some-
\none in "Fragment of a Drama".  3:475-76 7:1086<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPermanent Settlement<\/b> a system of land
\ntenure and revenue collection introduced in
\nBengal (then including Bihar and Orissa) by
\nLord Cornwallis in 1793. According to it the
\nzamindar was recognised as the proprietor
\nof the land on condition that he paid to the
\nGovernment 90% of the estimated annual
\nrevenue that he received from the ryots<\/i> who
\nheld lands at his pleasure. Diametrically
\nopposite views were expressed as to its
\nbenefits to the Government, the zamindar, and the people. (The system was abolished
\nin West Bengal some time after indepen-
\ndence.) (D.I.H.)  1:90, 240<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPersepolis<\/b> ancient city, ceremonial capital of
\nthe Persian empire under Darius and his
\nsuccessors. The administrative capitals were
\nelsewhere – notably at Susa and Babylon.
\n(Col. Enc.)  6:350, 353-54, 394, 399-401<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPerseus<\/b> in Greek legend, son of Zeus and Danae; slayer of the Gorgon Medusa and
\nrescuer of Andromeda from a sea monster.
\nHe is the hero of Sri Aurobindo’s drama<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-245<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPerseus the Deliverer.<\/i> (<\/b>A) 
\n6:1, 3, 9-10, 15-21, 23-26, 66-74, 82-89, 95-96, 126-27, 129-30, 161-65, 172-73, 175, 177-81, 183-85, 188, 190-91, 193-201 XIV: 168<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPerseus the Deliverer a<\/i> play by Sri
\nAurobindo, written between 1906 and 1907.
\nIt first appeared serially in the weekly Bande Mataram, <\/i> and was reproduced with the
\nauthor’s revisions and some additional
\npassages in Collected Poems and Plays
\n<\/i>(1942). Two scenes of the 1906-07 version
\nwere rediscovered and included in the text
\nwhen the drama appeared separately in book
\nform in 1955. (I&G) a 26:44, 254, 256
\nXIV: 168<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPersia the name used for centuries, mostly in
\nthe West, for the kingdom of Iran in south-
\nwestern Asia. (Enc. Br.) Der: Persian (in
\nsenses other than the language) n 1:242, 261, 310, 391, 481, 506, 520, 527, 576, 619-20, 769, 815 2: 35, 117-18, 192-93, 248-49, 274, 278, 390, 406 3: 10, 198-99 4: 187-88, 214 5: 176, 272, 277 6: 362, 380 7: 561, 579, 590, 592, 603-05, 607, 621, 704 8:61 9:237, 410 11:4
\n14:148, 190-91, 223, 241, 253, 329, 366, 373
\n15: 33, 178, 324, 343, 412, 444, 447, 467, 501-02, 506, 646 16: 407 17: 185, 278, 299, 302, 306-07 22: 417" 26: 233 27: 122 I: 31
\nII: 38 III: 24 XV: 5 XVI: 134, 180 XVII: 11, 43<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPersia,<\/b> the evidently, the name of a ship that
\nwas stranded sometime before 16 July 1912.
\n(A) D XX:<\/b> 130<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPersian (language) member of the Iranian
\nbranch of the Indo-Iranian language family.
\nIt is the official language of Iran (Persia) and
\nis also widely spoken in Afghanistan. Written
\nin Arabic characters, modern Persian also
\nhas many Arabic loan-words and an exten-
\nsive literature. (Enc.Br.) a ll: 506
\n17: 307 26: 234 I: 25 XV: 17<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPersian Eclogues<\/i> by Collins, published in
\n1742 (2nd edition: Oriental Eclogues, <\/i> 1757).
\nHe composed them at the age of seventeen
\nunder the influence of Pope’s Pastorals.
\n<\/i>(Enc. Br.) n II: 13<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPersian Gulf<\/b> an arm (length 420 miles) of
\nthe Arabian Sea, between Arabia and Iran.
\n(Web.) a i: 804<\/font><\/p>\n

\nPeru a country, now a republic, of western
\nSouth America, astride the Andes Mountains. Lima is its capital. (Col. Enc.)
\nDer: Peruvian a 1:306, 389 14:10, 77
\n15: 323 III: 11<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeshawar capital of the North-West Frontier
\nProvince of British India, (now in Pakistan). It occupies an important strategic position.
\n(Enc. Br.)  1:140<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nPeshwas’<\/b> hereditary sovereigns (earlier, chief
\nministers) of the Maratha state in India. The
\nfirst Peshwa, also called "Mukhya Pradhan", was the chief minister of Shivaji. In the reign
\nof Shahu, with the appointment, in 1720, of Baji Rao I, the office practically became
\nhereditary. In 1749, on the death of childless
\nRaja Shahu, the Peshwaship became the
\nsupreme office in the Maratha state, and the
\nhistory of the Marathas merged in the history
\nof the Peshwas. They became very powerful
\nand aimed at establishing a Maratha empire
\nin place of the Moghul. After the Third
\nMaratha War (1817-19), in which the Peshwa
\nwas decisively defeated, the Peshwaship was
\nabolished. (C.O.D.;D.I.H.)
\nD 14:364, 380<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPestalozzi, <\/b> Johann Heinrich (1746-1827), Swiss educational reformer who was among
\nthe first to stress the need for better popular
\neducation. His theories laid the foundation
\nof modern elementary education. (Col.
\nEnc.; Enc. Br.) n 14:66<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeter, <\/b> St. (died c. 64), "prince of the
\nApostles", recognized in the early Christian
\nChurch as the leader of the disciples of Jesus
\nChrist and by the Roman Catholic Church as
\nthe first of its unbroken succession of popes.
\nHis original name was Simeon, but Jesus
\ngave him the nickname Cephas, i.e. "Rock".
\nHence Peter, from the Greek "petros" (Latin
\n"petrus"). (Col. Enc.; Enc.Br.) n i: 699
\n4:334 26:259 29:798 VII: 9, 22<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeters<\/b> Probably the following rulers (empe-
\nrors and czars) of Russia are meant: Peter I
\nor Peter the Great (1672-1725), emperor
\n(1721-25) and czar (1682-1725); Peter II
\n(1715-30), emperor and czar (1727-30); Peter
\nIII (1728-62), emperor and czar (1762).
\n(Col. Enc.) a 15:356, 513<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPeter the Great<\/b> See under<\/i> Peters a 15:357<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPetlad<\/b> a town in the former princely state of
\nBaroda (now in the state of Gujarat), about
\n50 miles south of Ahmedabad. (A; S. Atlas)
\nn 27:116<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPetman<\/b> apparently, one of the counsels for
\nthe prosecution in the Patiala Case (c. 1910)
\n(A) n 2: 370<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPetrarch<\/b> Francesco Petrarca (1304-74), Italian poet, scholar and humanist whose
\npoems, addressed to Laura, an idealized
\nbeloved, inspired the Renaissance flowering
\nof lyric poetry in Italy, France, Spain, and
\nEngland. (Enc. Br.) a 9:61 I: 7<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPetrograd<\/b> former name of Leningrad
\n(Russia), from 1914 to 1924. (Web.)
\na 4: 24<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-246<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPetrus probably the name of a woman of
\nPondicherry.
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct.’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPetucchur in the Mahabharata, <\/i> name of
\na country and its people and king who
\nmigrated south out of fear of JARASANDHA.
\n(M.N.) D 8: 41<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPfleiderer, <\/b> Otto (1839-1908), German
\nProtestant theologian and religious
\nhistorian. (Enc. Br.) a 16: 336<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhaethon<\/b> in Greek mythology, son of Helios
\n(Sun-god), who drove his father’s chariot one
\nday in spite of the warning of Helios. The
\nhorses bolted from the course. To save the
\nearth from being burnt up, Zeus hurled a
\nthunderbolt at Phaethon, who fell into the
\nRiver Eridanus (later identified variously by
\nthe ancients, often with the Po in Italy). His
\nsisters wept for him till they were turned into
\npoplars; their tears, oozing from the trees, are hardened into amber. (O.C.C.L.)
\na 5:7<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPharaohs<\/b> generic name or title of ancient
\nEgyptian kings. It is a Greek form derived
\nfrom a Hebrew version of the Egyptian word
\nmeaning "great house", signifying the royal
\npalace, but used, in the New Kingdom and
\nafter, as a title of respect to the Egyptian
\nking himself. In the 22nd dynasty the title
\nwas added to the king’s personal name.
\n(Enc. Br.) D l: 413 XIII: 44<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPharatus<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> one of
\nPenthesilea’s captains. (M.I.) a 5:455, 516-17<\/font><\/p>\n

\n(Pharisaical) of the PHARISEES
\na 1:257, 305, 903 2:4 IV:170<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n(Pharisees) members of ancient Jewish
\nsect distinguished by strict observance of
\ntraditional and written law and pretensions
\nto sanctity. Pharisees were one of the two
\ngreat Jewish religious parties that arose
\nwithin the synagogue. The opponents were
\nthe SADDUCEES. (C.O.D.;Col.Enc.)
\n0 1: 277, 863 2: 218 3: 177 14: 79
\n16: 211 17: 133, 138, 163<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhamabazus<\/b> (fl. late 5th and early 4th
\ncentury Be), Persian soldier and statesman, hereditary satrap of Dascylium under Darius
\nII and Artaxerxes II. He was governor of the
\nPersian province of the Hellespont and an
\noutstanding military and naval commander in
\nPersia’s wars against Athens and Sparta.
\n(Enc.Br.)
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPharphar<\/i> title of a poem written by ARJAVA
\non a river of this name. It is very probably
\nan imaginary river. (Col. Enc.; A)
\nn 9: 357-58<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nPharsalia<\/b> an ancient Greek district of
\nThessaly surrounding the city of Pharsalus. (Web.) a v:63<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPharsalus<\/b> an ancient city in Thessaly
\n(Greece). It was the scene of a battle (48 Be)
\nof the Roman Civil War in which Caesar
\ndefeated Pompey. (Web.) a 5:516<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhayllus<\/b> a character – Chancellor of Syria – in Sri Aurobindo’s play Rodogune.
\n0<\/i> 6: 333, 343-45, 365-70, 372-75, 377, 385, 388-90, 394, 397-98, 400, 404, 406, 408-12, 421-27, 436, 438-41, 444-47, 450-56, 459-60, 463-64, 466-68<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPheidias<\/b> See<\/i> Phidias<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhelps, Myron Myron H. Phelps, a member
\nof the New York Bar. He was a sincere
\nwell-wisher of the Indian nation. In June
\n1907 he addressed a letter to the Indians, pointing to the necessity of more orgnaised
\npropaganda for the Indian cause in America. He drew their attention to "some remarkable
\nparallelisms" between the American freedom
\nmovement and the Swadeshi movement then
\ngoing on in India, relating how the American
\npeople, indignant at the British policy of
\nsystematic exploitation, expressed their
\ngrievances by the refusal to buy English
\ngoods. (I.F.F.) a 1:615<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPherozshah, Sir<\/b> See<\/i> Mehta, Sir Pherozshah<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhidias (c. 500 – c. 432 Be), Greek sculptor, considered the greatest artist of ancient
\nGreece. (Col. Enc.) Var: Pheidias
\na 5:254 9:61, 333, 381 14:228, 231
\n15: 91 17: 303 XIV: 116<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhilip a character paricipating in "A
\nDialogue" (incomplete) which Sri Aurobindo
\nseems to have written at Cambridge in 1891.
\n(A&R-II, p.91) n 11:8<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhilip (of Macedon) Philip II (382-336 Be), king of Macedon (359-336 Be). He unified
\nhis nation and made it supreme in Greece, laying the foundations for the great expan-
\nsion accomplished by his son Alexander the
\nGreat. (Enc. Br.)
\na 14:328 15:343 16:90<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhillip II<\/b> (1527-98), king of Spain (1556-98), and also of the Netherlands, Franche Comte, Sicily, Sardinia, Naples, and Milan, as well
\nas the Spanish possessions in America. He
\nwas the most powerful monarch in Christen-
\ndom, determined to strengthen royal power
\nin Spain. His ambitious foreign policy led<\/font><\/p>\n

\t\thim to aim at the subjugation of England, to
\nintervene actively in the struggles of France, and to war <\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-247<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nwith the powerful Ottoman Empire. (R. Enc.) n 3:
\n193 15: 357<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhilip IV<\/b> apparently, Philip IV "the Fair"
\n(1268-1314), king of France (1285-1314). He
\nwas one of the greatest kings of France’s
\nCapetian dynasty; he established his author-
\nity in ecclesiastical matters over the papacy
\nand instituted important reforms in govern-
\nment. In 1303 he deposed Pope Boniface
\nVIII and transferred the papacy to Avigpon.
\n(P.P.; Enc. Br.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhilippines<\/b> group of about 7100 islands
\nand islets off Southeast Asia, in the Malay
\nArchipelago, now constituting the Republic
\nof the Philippines (proclaimed in 1946).
\n(Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.) a l: 260 15:328, 333, 508 26: 395<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhilip<\/b> Polo name (real or made up) of a
\nresident ofMymensingh around 1910. The
\nEnglishmen who assaulted an innocent
\nPundit at Goalundo came to Mymensingh
\nthe next day and stayed at Polo’s bungalow
\nfor a day. (A) a 4: 248<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhilistia<\/b> ancient region of southwestern
\nPalestine, comprising a fertile plain ex-
\ntending to the Mediterranean and including
\na portion of South Canaan. (Col. Enc.)
\nDer: Philistian<\/b> a 5: 14 6: 8<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhilistine<\/b> member of a warlike people of
\nAegean origin who settled on the southern
\ncoast of Palestine in the 12th century BC
\nshortly before the arrival of the Israelites.
\nThe use of the term Philistine for a person
\ndeficient in liberal culture and whose chief
\ninterests are material, prosaic, and common-
\nplace arose in the mid-19th century. It was
\npopularised by English authors. The term is
\nnow often used of those who oppose innova-
\ntions in the arts. (Enc. Br.) Der:<\/font><\/p>\n

Philistinism  <\/b> l: 13, 277 3: 99 15: 79-80, 82, 85, 88, 151 III: 7, 14 XIII: 47<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhillips, Stephen<\/b> (1864-1915), English poet
\nand actor who was briefly successful as a
\nplaywright. (Enc. Br.) a 9:2, 157, 163, 174, 184, 461 26:254, 264-67, 273, 312<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhilo<\/b> or Philo Judaeus (c. 20 BC – c. AD 50), Alexandrian Jewish philosopher. His doc-
\ntrines had an extraordinary influence on both
\nJewish and Christian religious writings.
\n(Col. Enc.) a 16:368<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhiloctetes’<\/b> in Greek mythology, king of
\nthe Malians of Mt. Oeta. He was a friend of
\nHercules and inherited his bow and poisoned arrows. On the way to the Trojan War, he
\nwas bitten by a snake, and his
\n<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\ncompanions left hnn on the desolate island of Lemnos.
\nWhen the oracle declared that Troy would
\nnot be taken without the weapons of Her-
\ncules, Philoctetes was brought by Diomedes
\nand Odysseus to Troy, where he was healed
\nof his wound by Machson, son of the physi-
\ncian Asclepius. Philoctetes killed Paris in
\nthe war. (Col. Enc.) a 5:491<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhiloctetes2<\/b> a character – companion of
\nAntiochus – in Sri Aurobindo’s play Rodo-
\ngune. 0<\/i> 6:333, 346-49, 394-95, 397, 404, 408-10, 413, 426-27, 435-37, 442-43, 449, 455, 461-62, 464, 469<\/font><\/p>\n

\nThe Philosophy of Benedetto Croce<\/i> a book by
\nCarr, published in 1917. (A)
\na 9:485<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhineus’<\/b> in Greek legend, the blind and
\naged king whom the Argonauts (a band of
\nfifty heroes sent to fetch the Golden Fleece
\nin the ship "Argo") met at the entrance to
\nthe Euxine. Phineus told them the course to
\nColchis and how to pass through the Cya-
\nnean rocks – two cliffs that moved on their
\nbases and crushed whoever sought to pass
\nthrough them. (Enc. Br.)
\nn 26:245 29:791, 807<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhineus2<\/b> a character – King of Tyre – in Sri
\nAurobindo’s play Perseus the Deliverer, <\/i> a
\n6:3, 13, 22, 24, 29, 36-37, 44, 48-56, 62-64, 100-04, 107-08, 111, 113-14, 134, 150, 152-54, 181, 190-97<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhliaps<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s play Rodogune, <\/i> a
\nSyrian leader. 1-1 6:412<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhoces<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s llion, <\/i> a Phthian
\nwarrior, Amarus’ son. He is the first man to
\nbe slain in llion<\/i> (by Helanus). (M.I.)
\na 5:518 VI: 135<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhocian<\/b> (inhabitant) of Phocis, a country
\nof central Greece comprising the middle
\nCephissus valley and the valley of Crisa, which are linked loosely by passes over the
\nsouthern spurs ofMt. Parnassus.
\n(O.C1.D.) a 5:488, 508<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhoebus in Greek mythology, epithet of
\nApollo in his aspect of sun-god and dispenser
\nof light. He took on many aspects of the
\nolder sun-god Helios. (M.I.)
\na 5:428, 437, 442-43, 446, 489 6:91 17:257
\n26:345<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhoenicia<\/b> ancient name given to a region
\ncorresponding to modern Lebanon with
\nadjoining parts of modern Syria and Israel.
\nThe Phoenicians were merchants and manufacturers, and very skilful in shipbuilding and navigation. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.;<\/font><\/p>\n

\t\tM.I.) Der: Phoenician a 2:34 5:419
\n6:12-13, 191, 195 14:392 16:406 17:195<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-248<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPhraates in Sri Aurobindo’s play Rodogune,
\n<\/i>father of Rodogune and king of Parthia.
\nHistorically, the Phraates were kings of
\nParthia of the dynasty of Arsaces. (Col.
\nEnc.) a 6:333, 380, 394, 399, 430, 432, 436, 447<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhrinix in Sri Aurobindo’s epic Ilion, <\/i> father
\nof Ascanus, a Phthian warrior. (M.I.)
\n0 VI: 135<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhrygia ancient region which included
\nvarying portions of the central plateau and
\nwestern flank of Asia Minor. In Sri
\nAurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> the Phrygians are
\nidentified with the Trojans, as sometimes in
\nGreek literature, and seem to be regarded as
\ndescendants of PHRYX. (M.I.) Der:<\/font><\/p>\n

Phrygian a 5:392-93, 403, 407-08, 418, 456, 464, 468, 480, 485, 553 9:400 11:32 XV: 20<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhryne<\/b> nickname of the famous Athenian
\ncourtesan Muesarete (fl. 4th cent. Be). She
\nwas charged with impiety and defended by
\nHyperides, a distinguished Attic orator who
\nwas one of her lovers. He secured her ac-
\nquittal by appealing to the sentiments of
\nthe jury, throwing open her dress and show-
\ning the beauty of her bosom. (Enc. Br.;<\/font><\/p>\n

Col.Enc.;O.C.C.L.) D 3:297 X: 161<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhryx<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> the primeval
\nfounder of Troy. (M.I.) a 5:402, 410, 412, 417, 434<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPhthia<\/b> a district and town of Thessaly, Greece. It was the realm of Achilles. The
\nterm "Phthian" has therefore frequently been
\nused, in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> as an epithet
\nof Achilles. (M.I.) Der: Phthian(s)  5: 397, 401-02, 406-07, 438, 456, 459, 464, 466, 468, 470-71, 474, 483, 486-87, 491, 514, 516
\nVI: 134<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPickwick,<\/b> Mr. the main character of
\nDickens’ novel The Posthumous Papers of
\nthe Pickwick Club<\/i> (1836-37). The allusion
\nhere (3: 144) is to the scene where Mr.
\nPickwick accuses Mr. Blotton of acting in a
\n"vile and calumnious manner", whereupon
\nMr. Blotton retorts by calling Mr. Pickwick
\na humbug. It finally is made to appear that
\nboth use the offensive words only in a Pick-
\nwickian sense and that each has, in fact, the
\nhighest regard for the other. (The expression
\n"in a Pickwickian sense" refers to words or
\nepithets usually of a derogatory or insulting
\nkind, which, in the circumstances in which
\nthey are employed, are not to be taken as
\nhaving quite the same force or implication as they normally would have.) (R. Enc.)
\nDer: Pickwickian o 3: 144<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nPictish<\/b> of Picts, a Scottish people who
\nforged their own kingdom before uniting in AD 843 with the rest of Scotland. (Enc. Br.) a 7: 883, 886<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPiedmont<\/b> a region of northwestern Italy. It
\nwas a major battlefield in the Italian Wars
\n(16th century), the wars of Louis XIV, and
\nthe French Revolutionary Wars. The dukes
\nof Savoy, who in 1720 became kings of
\nSardinia, acquired all of present Piedmont
\nby 1748. From 1798 to 1814 Piedmont was
\nannexed to France. After its restoration to
\nthe kingdom of Sardinia it was the nucleus of
\nItalian unification during the Risorgimento.
\n(Col. Enc.) o l: 506, 766, 876 9: 325<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPierre, <\/b> Gaston, an active and strong
\nsupporter of Lemaire in the 1914 election to
\nthe French Chamber. He came to
\nPondicherry as a judge, but later resigned, started a practice and soon became an
\neminent lawyer. (A) D 27: 442, 445, 448-50<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPilate<\/b> See<\/i> (Pontius) Pilate<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPilgrim’s Progress, The<\/b><\/i> a book by John
\nBunyan, a symbolic vision of the good man’s
\npilgrimage through life, at one time second
\nonly to the Bible in popularity in England. It
\nis in two parts: Part I was published in 1678
\nand Part II in 1684. (Enc. Br.)  23:789
\n24: 1634 26:464<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPillai, Chidambaram<\/b> V. 0. Chidambaram
\nPillai (1872-1936), a nationalist pleader of
\nTuticorin, South India, who courageously
\nand successfully fought for the cause of the
\nlabourers in the Coral Mills and floated the
\nSwadeshi Steam Navigation Company. The
\nlatter step particularly went very much
\nagainst British interests in India and they
\nimplicated him in a false case. In 1908 he
\nwas sentenced to transportation for life, but
\nthe sentence was reduced by the High Court
\nto six years’ imprisonment. (P.T.I.; Auro-I;<\/font><\/p>\n

Tamil Reader-111)  1:727, 745, 752, 793, 797, 803, 805 2: 76, 137 <\/b> 4: 242<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPillay, Vishambhar<\/b> imaginary name of a
\nsupposed leader of the secret society sup-
\nplied to GOSSAIN in the jail by a pretended
\napprover in the Alipore Bomb Trial. (A)  4: 296<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPinaka<\/b> in Hindu mythology, the bow of the
\ngod Shiva. Pinaka was formerly the three-
\nforked spike (trident) of Shiva. Once it
\nfell down from his hands and took the shape
\nof a bow. From then onwards it was used as a bow. (Pur. Enc.) 3:308<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-249<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPindi<\/b> See Rawalpindi<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPindi Das<\/b> (1886-1969), better known as Lala
\nPindi Dass, a journalist, who started an
\nUrdu weekly The India<\/i> from Gujranwala in
\nPunjab (now in Pakistan) in 1907. A special
\nfeature of the journal was the publication, under the pen name of Shiv Shambhoo, of a
\nseries of articles called "Shiv Shambhoo ka
\nChittha" which exposed the misdeeds of
\nBritish officials. He was a revolutionary in
\nthe beginning, but later on joined the Congress and professed the principle of non-
\nviolence. (D.N.B.) a 1: 433<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPindus<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> a Phthian
\nwarrior, brother of Zethus. (M.I.)
\nD 5: 514-15<\/font><\/p>\n

\nPineus a river in the Peloponnesus
\n(southernmost region of continental Greece), emptying into the Ionian Sea. (M.I.; Col.
\nEnc.) a 5: 411<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPioneer<\/b><\/i> English daily newspaper (tri-weekly
\nfrom 1865 to 1869), founded in 1865 by
\nGeorge Alien. The paper was originally
\npublished from Allahabad. Later on it was
\nshifted to Lucknow. For all intents and
\npurposes, the Pioneer<\/i> was an official organ
\nof the British government. (Cal. Lib.;<\/font><\/p>\n

N.S.I.;S.F.F, p.l031) n 1:132, 155-56, 174, 189, 196, 242, 267, 479, 527, 630, 632<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPippa<\/b> the main character, an imaginative
\ncreation, in Pippa Passes, <\/i> a brief but delightful poetic drama by Robert Browning. Pippa
\nis a little Italian girl of Asolo who on New
\nYear’s Day passes singing through the streets
\nand by her songs changes the life of other
\npersons. (Enc. Am.) D 27: 132<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPippalada<\/b> name of a Rishi mentioned in the
\nPrashna Upanishad.<\/i> D 12: 295-96, 299, 302, 305, 309, 311-12 VIII: 184<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPisachas; Pisachi<\/b> See<\/i> Pis(h)achas<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPisgah<\/b> the mountain ridge from which
\nMoses viewed the Promised Land. It is in
\nJordan, just east of the northern Dead Sea
\nand of the southern Jordan valley. (C.O.D.;<\/font><\/p>\n

Col. Enc.) D 3: 66<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPis(h)achas<\/b> (anti-divine) beings of the lower
\nvital plane. In the mythology of India, the
\nPishacha is a fiend or evil spirit, said to drink
\nblood and to rend human flesh. In the
\nevolutionary scale of man, the Pishacha is
\nthe third type from below of the ten forms of
\n<\/b>consciousness. The Pishacha mind is
\nconcentrated on the senses and the
\nknowledge part of the citta.<\/i> (A & R, XII:<\/font><\/p>\n

216; Enc. Br.; A) Der: <\/b> Pis(h)achi (the
\nfeminine form) 0 4:12, 22, 24, 91, 121,
\n<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n165-66, 247 12: 532 13: 455 17:73 18: 603 20: 222
\n22: 382, 394-96 24: 1094, 1648 25: 27, 62 ‘VI: 183-84, 187, 189-90 XII: 194 XIX: 24<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPisistratus<\/b> (c. 605-527 BC) , Greek statesman, tyrant of Athens. He had an official text of
\nHomer written down, probably the first.
\n(Col. Enc.) n 3:142<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPitriloka<\/b> in Hindu religion, the second of the
\neight lokas<\/i> or regions of material existence
\nrecognised by the Sankhya and Vedanta
\nschools of philosophy; the loka<\/i> of the Pitris, Rishis, and Prajapatis; the world of divinised
\nancestors. The Pitris are the fathers, the
\nManes. (Dow.) D 4:80 11:453′<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPizarro, <\/b> Francisco (c. 1475-1541), Spanish
\nconquistador, conqueror of the Inca Empire
\nof Peru. (Enc.Br.) a 15:323<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPlanck, <\/b> Max (Kari Ernst Ludwig) (1858-
\n1947), German theoretical physicist who
\noriginated the quantum theory. He was
\nawarded the 1918 Nobel Prize for physics.
\n(Enc.Br.) a 22:471, 473<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPlantagenet<\/b> a surname commonly applied to
\nmembers of the royal house of England between 1154 and 1485, the members of which
\ndescended from the union between Geoffrey, Count of Anjou (d. 1151), and the Empress
\nMatilda, daughter of the English king
\nHenry I. (Enc.Br.) n 15:356 18:436<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPlassey<\/b> historic village in Nadia district of
\nWest Bengal. It was the scene of the decisive
\nvictory of the army of the East India Com-
\npany led by Robert Clive over the army of
\nNawab Sirajuddaulah of Bengal on 23 June
\n1757. The battle was a mere skirmish and
\nlasted only a few hours, but its results were
\nfar-reaching, since it marked the beginning
\nof British domination of India. (Enc. Br.;<\/font><\/p>\n

D.I.H.) a 1:492 8: 341 27: 124′<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPlataea<\/b> ancient city in southern Boetia
\n(Greece), below the modern village of
\nPlataiai. It was the site of a Greek victory
\nduring the Greco-Persian Wars. (Enc.Br.)
\nD 1: 116<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPlato<\/b> (c. 428-348\/347 Be), the second of the
\ngreat trio of ancient Greeks – Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle who laid the philosophical foundations of Western culture and
\ndeveloped a wide-ranging system of philosophy that was strongly ethical while remaining basically rationalistic. Plato was a
\npupil and friend of Socrates. In Athens he
\nfounded a school in the grove of Academus, the Academy, where he taught mathematics
\nand philosophy until his death. Plato’s
\ngreatest work is contained in his dialogues.<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-250<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\n"Irish Plato" (3: 3) is a reference to Oscar
\n<\/b>Wilde. (Enc.Br.;Col.Enc.) Der:<\/font><\/p>\n

Platonic; Platonist  3: pre., 3, 11, 72, 431
\n7: 855 8: 411 9: 167. 241, 331, 381, 545-47 10: 4, 25 11: 7, 17 12: 47, 499 14: 56-57, 99, 147, 270 15:90 16:102, 110, 339, 341, 354, 356, 362, 366, 370 17:245, 388 18:299 19: 763 22: 423, 454 26: 383 II: 6 III: 14
\nV: 93 XIII: 45 XIV: 127, 163 XVII: 7<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPlaza Mayor<\/b> name of a square in Madrid, Spain. (Enc. Br.) a 7: 873<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPleasures of Imagination<\/i> the poem of
\n<\/i>Akenside by which he is best known. It is an
\neclectic philosophical essay written in blank
\nverse derived from Milton’s and modelled on
\nthe Roman poets Virgil and Horace. It first
\nappeared in three books in 1744; a fourth
\nwas added later. (Enc. Br.) a 11:15<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPliny<\/b> Pliny the Younger (61\/62 -C.I<\/i> 13), Roman author and administrator who left a
\ncollection of private letters of great literary
\ncharm, intimately illustrating public and
\nprivate life in the heyday of the Roman
\nEmpire. The first nine of the ten books of
\nPliny’s correspondence belong to the years
\n97-109, and were published during his
\nlifetime. Unlike Cicero’s letters, they were
\nwritten, or rewritten, with a view to pub-
\nlication. (Enc. Br.;O.Cl.D.) I: 8<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPlotinus<\/b> (c. 205-270), philosopher and
\nreligious genius, a native of Egypt, who
\ntransformed a revival of Platonism in the
\nRoman Empire into what modern scholars
\ncall Neoplatonism, a school of thought which
\nexercised great inflluence on Islamic and
\nEuropean thought until the late 17th cen-
\ntury. (Enc.Br.)  9:381, 546 17:388
\n23: 555<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPlutarch<\/b> (c. 46- after 119), Greek essayist
\nand biographer whose works strongly influ-
\nenced the evolution of the essay, the biog-
\nraphy, and historical writing in Europe from
\nthe 16th to the 19th century. The English
\ntranslation of his great work The Parallel
\nLives<\/i> supplied the factual bases for Shakes-
\npeare’s Coriolanus, Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra, <\/i> and Timon of Athens.<\/i> (Enc.
\nBr.; Col. Enc.) 4:.284 27:80<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPluto in Greek mythology, god of the
\nunderworld, also called Hades. Pluto means
\nliterally "wealth"; the ancients commonly
\nused this term as a euphemism for Hades, who was possessor of all the rich metals and
\ngems of the earth. He is known to the
\nRomans as Orcus or Dis. (Pears)  5:33
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPlutus<\/b> in Greek religion, god of abundance
\nor wealth, a personification of ‘ploutos’
\n(Greek word for ‘riches’). (Enc. Br.)
\na 6: 188-89<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nP.M.<\/b> In Record of Yoga, used for Sir
\nPherozshah Mehta. See<\/i> Mehta, Sir
\nPherozshah<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPocock<\/b> Edward Pocock(e) (1604-91), English
\nOrientalist. (Col. Enc.)  3: 198<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoems’<\/b><\/i> a collection of six poems of Sri
\nAurobindo, published in 1941. Three of
\nthese poems first appeared in the Calcutta
\nReview<\/i> of October 1934; all the six were
\nincluded in Collected Poems and Plays
\n<\/i>(1942).  26:254<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoems’<\/b><\/i> a collection of poems by Arj ava, published in 1939.  9:356, 409<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoems – Past and Present<\/b><\/i> a collection of
\neight poems of Sri Aurobindo, published by
\nthe Ashram in 1946. Five of these had been
\nwritten in the late 1930s. (I & G)
\nn 26:153<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoerio, <\/b> Carlo (1803-67), the younger of the
\ntwo Italian brothers distinguished for their
\nservices to Liberalism in the Italian Risorgi-
\nmento. Poerio was active in the revolution
\nof 1848. In 1851 he was sentenced with his
\nfellow Liberals to twenty-four years in irons.
\nThe case became notorious throughout
\nEurope, but Poerio was not released until
\n1859. (Enc. Br.)<\/b> Var: Poeris<\/b> (a misprint)
\n0 1:<\/b> 335, 362<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoeseidon<\/b> See<\/i> Poseidon, the correct spelling
\nof the name.<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoetry<\/i> American literary magazine
\n(monthly), founded in 1912; it was published
\nfrom Chicago and edited by Harriet Monroe.
\n(Cal.Lib.;H.L., p.261)  17: 321<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nA Poet’s Stammer<\/i> poem (composed in 1937)
\nby K. D. Sethna, editor of the Ashram
\nmonthly journal Mother India.<\/i> It was iden-
\ntified by Sri Aurobindo as an example of
\npoetry of the intuitive mind.  9:351<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoincare, <\/b> Raymond (1860-1934), French
\nstatesman who was the 9th president of
\nFrance (1913-20), and four times its premier.
\nIn "Record of Yoga", Sri Aurobindo some-
\ntimes abbreviated his name to Pe. (Enc.
\nW.B.)  27: 450 XX:<\/b> 124 XXI: 89-90<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoison-Tree<\/b><\/i> See Bis(h)abriksha<\/i><\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPolak<\/b> probably, Graham Polak who, along
\nwith his wife, lived as part of Gandhiji’s
\nhousehold for many years in South Africa, perhaps from 1904 to 1914. (Enc. Ind.) 2:<\/i> 301-02 4: 224<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-251<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPoland<\/b> a country (presently a socialist
\nrepublic) in east central Europe. Warsaw is
\nits capital. (Col. Enc.) Der:
\n<\/b>Poles; Polish
\nI: 526 15: 291, 293, 298-99, 357, 375, 413, 419, 505, 512-13, 518, 625 17:386 <\/b> XUI: 45<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPole<\/b> See<\/i> North Pole<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPolites<\/b> in Greek legend, son of Priam and
\nHecuba. He was a swift runner, and so was
\nused as a scout. (M.I.)  5: 460<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPollux<\/b> See<\/i> Castor and Pollux<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPolonius<\/b> a character in Shakespeare’s
\nHamlet, <\/i> an old courtier given to offering
\nunwelcome advice. (Ox. Comp.)  26:67<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoludeukes<\/b> strict transliteration of the Greek
\nform of the Latin name Pollux. a 10: 318<\/font><\/p>\n

\nPolydamas in Greek legend, a son of
\nPanthous, noted for his sage advice. In Sri
\nAurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> he seems to be a son of
\nAntenor (see<\/i> Eurus) already slain before the
\nopening of the poem. (M.I.) n 5:439, 443-46, 456, 459<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPolydaon<\/b> a character – priest of Poseidon, the sea-god – in Sri Aurobindo’s play Perseus
\nthe Deliverer.<\/i> D 6:3, 11-12, 22-24, 29, 36-37, 43-56, 64, 84, 97-114, 119, 122-24, 127, 135, 137, 139-41, 143-44, 146-51, 155-56, 166-73, 176-78, 180 <\/b> XIV: 168<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPolydeuces<\/b> Latinised transliteration of the
\nGreek form of the Latin name Pollux. See
\n<\/i>Castor and Pollux.<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPolyxena<\/b> in Greek legend, Trojan princess, daughter of Priam and Hecuba. After the fall
\nof Troy Achilles’ ghost claimed her as his
\nprize and she was sacrificed on his tomb.
\nHence the story, adopted in Ilion, <\/i> that the
\ntwo were in love in life. (M.I.) Q 5:402, 404, 414, 421, 455, 467, 489-90<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPompey Pompey the Great, anglicized form
\nof the Latin Gracus Pompeius Magnus
\n(106-48 BC), one of the greatest statesmen
\nand generals of the late Roman Republic.
\nHe was an associate and later opponent
\nof Julius Caesar, who defeated him at
\nPHARSALUS. Pursued by Caesar, Pompey
\nmoved on to Cilicia and Cyprus and thence
\nto Egypt, where he was murdered. (Enc.
\nBr.) D XIII: 44<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPondicherry a former French territory (from
\n1816 to 1954), the largest of the settlements
\nconstituting French India, having the town of
\nPondicherry as its capital. In 1954 the French
\nsettlements were merged
\n<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nwith the Republic of India as a centrally governed
\nUnion territory named Pondicherry, with four constituents: Pondicherry (an
\nenclave within South Arcot district of Tamil Nadu state,113.1 sq. miles), Karaikal (an enclave within
\nThanjavur district of Tamil Nadu, 62.8 sq.
\nmiles) , ‘Mahe (an enclave within Cannanore
\ndistrict ofKerala, 3.5 sq. miles), and Yanam
\n(an enclave within East Godavari district of
\nAndhra Pradesh, 7.8 sq. miles). The town of
\nPondicherry lies 105 miles to the south of
\nMadras. Its main attraction is the Sri
\nAurobindo Ashram. (The Hindu, <\/i> 18-10-78)  2:413 4: pre., 325, 327 9:330 17:403
\n22: 40 23: 1051 24: 1657, 1659, 1662 25: 98
\n26: 12, 18-19, 26-27, 36-37, 57-58, 60-61, 63, 65-66, 68, 71, 153, 169, 244, 252, 364-65, 374, 417, 421, 423, 429-30, 432, 435-36, 438, 479-80 27: pre., 161, 197, 349, 416-17, 422, 425, 427, 431, 438-39, 443-47, 449-50, 469, 471, 474, 485, 494-95, 498, 500-01 29: 790 I: 18, 32 II: 24 V: 101
\nVII: 1, 11, 23 X: 186-87 XV: 61 XVI: 193-94
\nXVII: 65-66, 69-70 XIX: 56 XXI: 11
\nXXII: 138<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPontic<\/b> of Pontus, an ancient region on the
\nBlack Sea coast in northeastern Asia Minor.
\n"Pontic waters" therefore means Pontus
\nEuxinus or Black Sea. (M.I.; Col. Enc.)
\nD 5:439<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n(Pontius)-Pilate<\/b> (d. after AD 36), Roman
\nprocurator of Judaea (c. 26-36\/37) who
\ncondemned Jesus Christ to be crucified.
\nVarious legends stressing Pilate’s efforts to
\nrelease Jesus, whom he considered innocent
\nbut whom he condemned in order to escape
\naccusation of disloyalty to the Emperor, made him almost a hero in some Christian
\ntraditions. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.)
\n0 1: 597 17: 163-65<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoona<\/b> an important city of the former
\nBombay Presidency, some 100 miles south-
\neast of the city of Bombay. Now known as
\n"Pune", it is the administrative headquarters
\nof Pune district and division in the state of
\nMaharashtra. Called the "Queen of the
\nDeccan", Pune is the cultural capital of
\nMaharashtra. (Enc. Br.)
\n0 1: 363, 475, 479-80, 600, 635, 658, 684, 818-19, 825-26, 897 2: 75-76, 79, 113, 138, 153, 297
\n4: 179, 203, 211, 222, 225, 250-51, 268 26: 49, 58 27: 62, 64, 66 I: 1 VIII: 121 XV: 64<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPope, Alexander<\/b> (1688-1744), outstanding
\npoet of the English AUGUSTAN period.
\n(Enc.Br.) D 3:71, 106, 156 9:26-27, 51, 53, 78, 80, 86-87, 91, 113, 132, 161, 246, 272, 377, 387, 421, 425, 472, 478-79 26: 254 29: 754, 758, 800 I: 9-13, 15 II: 11-17, 19<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPorte, the "Sublime Porte", name used by
\nEuropeans to designate the government of
\nOttoman Turkey. It is a translation of the<\/font><\/p>\n

\t\tTurkish "Babiali" (High Gate), meaning the
\nentrance to the grand vizier’s palace in Istanbul. (Enc. Br.)  XXII: 132<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPortugal a country occupying the western
\nsection of the Iberian Peninsula at the , extreme west of the European continent.
\n(Enc. Br.) Der:
\n<\/b>Portuguese
\n<\/b>D 15:328, 445, 505<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-252<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPoseidon<\/b> in Greek mythology, the sea-god, protector of all waters. He bore the trident, and when he shook it he caused storms and<\/font><\/p>\n

, earthquakes. A brother of Zeus, he was a
\nson of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. With
\nApollo, he built the walls of Troy for Lao-
\nmedon, whose failure to pay for the work
\nturned Poseidon against the Trojans. The
\nRomans identified Poseidon with Neptune.
\n(M.I.; Col. Enc.) Var: Poeseidon (a misprint) n 5:394, 401, 422, 427, 429, 433-34, 439, 444, 469, 471, 494, 504-06, 510 6: 1, 3, 5-12, 14, 16, 21-23, 27-28, 34-35, 40, 42-46, 49-52, 60-61, 70, 73, 82-83, 85, 87, 90, 95, 97-104, 107, 111-15, 117-19, 121-24, 127, 135, 138-39, 141, 143-47, 149-52, 154-55, 161-62, 166, 169-71, 173-74, 178-79, 187, 192-93, 200 7: 1075 8: 409
\n17:257 XIV:168<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPosen<\/b> German form of Poznan, city and
\ncapital of the province of Posen in west
\ncentral Poland. (Enc. Br.)  15: 299 27: 466<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPound, Ezra<\/b> Ezra (Loomis) Pound
\n(1885-1972), American poet and critic of
\noutstanding importance in the history of
\n20th-century English letters. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 29: 780<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoundra<\/b> (Pundra), name of an ancient
\ncountry that was conquered by Pandu.
\nAccording to modem scholars Pundra
\nincluded the region covered by the modem
\ndistrict of Malda (West Bengal state), part of
\nPurnea (Bihar state) east of the Kosi River, part ofDinajpur, and Rajshahi (both in
\nBangladesh). (M.N.) Der:
\n<\/b>Poundrian
\n<\/b>n 5: 246 8: 40<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPoundrian Vasudeva<\/b> (Paundraka Vasudeva), king of the country called Pundra (see
\n<\/i>Poundra). He was ruler also ofBanga and
\nmany other countries, and an ally of Jara-
\nsandha. He was a pretender who, on the
\nstrength of being a Vasudeva (descendant
\nof one named Vasudeva), set himself up in
\nopposition to Krishna and assumed his style
\nand insignia. He was supported by the king
\nof Kashi, but he was defeated and killed by
\nKrishna. (M.N.;Dow.)  3:191 8:40<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLe Pourquoi<\/b> des Mondes<\/b> title of a series of
\narticles by Paul Richard, published in the
\nFrench adition ofArya<\/i> from August 1914
\nto July 1915. An English translation by Sri
\nAurobindo, "The Wherefore of the Worlds", came out at the same time in
\nthe English edition.<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\n(Arya)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPourujit<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> a Kshatriya
\nking, son of Kuntibhoj and brother of Kunti.
\nHe was killed by Dronacharya in the great
\nbattle. (M.N.) Var:
\n<\/b>Kuntivardhan Purujit  4:75 8:40, 77<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPowell<\/b> a character participating in "A
\nDialogue" written by Sri Aurobindo around
\n1891.(A&R-II)  11:6-9<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPR<\/b> In "Record of Yoga", used for Paul
\nRichard.<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrabartak<\/b><\/i> Bengali monthly journal founded
\nby Motilal Roy at Chandernagore in 1915, having as its object to put Sri Aurobindo’s
\nideals before Bengal. After 1920, when
\nMotilal separated from Sri Aurobindo, it
\nbecame the mouthpiece of the then alienated
\nPrabartak Sangh of which Motilal Roy was
\nthe leader. Afterwards the journal was pub-
\nlished from Calcutta and edited by Arun
\nChandra Datta and Radharaman Chaudhuri.
\n(Purani; L. to Sl.; Cal. Lib.)  4:pre. 27:477, 483, 492-93 VII: 4, 6-7, 10, 14, 18-19, 23<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrabartak<\/b> Sangh(a) a spiritual commune
\nfounded in Chandernagore by Motilal Roy sometime after 1914 under the
\ninspiration of Sri Aurobindo. At one time all Bengali books and many English
\nbooks connected with Sri Aurobindo as well as the two journals, Prabartak<\/i> and
\nThe Standard Bearer, <\/i> were published by the Sangha.
\nAround 1921, however, some spiritual
\ndifferences grew up between Motilal and Sri
\nAurobindo, and after the former’s departure
\nfrom Pondicherry in August 1921, the inner
\nspiritual connection between the Chander-
\nnagore Centre and Sri Aurobindo was
\ngradually cut off. "Commune, Culture and
\nCommerce" became the motto of the
\nSangha. (Purani) a 27:349, 417, 487, 489
\nVII: 14<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrabasi<\/b><\/i> Bengali (illustrated) monthly of
\nCalcutta, edited by Ramananda Chatter ji.
\nStarted in 1901, it was distinguished for its
\neditorials and views and a wealth of infor-
\nmation culled from various sources. (Cal.
\nLib.;S.F.F.)  3:421, 426 26:61-62 27:483<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrabhas Babu<\/b> See<\/i> Deb, Prabhas(chandra)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-253<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPrabhas-Patan<\/b> a religious and historic place
\non the southwestern coast of Gujarat, also
\ncalled Somnath Patan. The Mahabharata
\n<\/i>describes Prabhas as one of the most
\nimportant places of pilgrimage.
\n0 1:44<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrabhou<\/b> See<\/i> Deshpande, Baji (Prabhou)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrabuddha Bharat<\/b><\/i> or A wakened
\nIndia, <\/i> an
\nEnglish monthly journal started by Swami
\nVivekananda in 1896 at Calcutta. It is a
\njournal of the Ramakrishna Order, and
\ncontinues to be published from Calcutta. Its
\neditorial office, however, is now at Mayavati, another centre of the Mission (known as
\nAdvaita Ashram) in the Pithoragarh district
\nof Uttar Pradesh, about forty-five miles from
\nAlmora.  26:106<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPradhan, Ramchandra Ganesh<\/b> one of the
\npersons who received Sri Aurobindo at Nasik
\nRoad station on 24 January 1908. (A)  1:1, 6<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPradyot<\/b> ruler of Magadha, and founder of a
\ndynasty in East India about a century after
\nthe war of the Mahabharata. o 6:205<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPradyumna<\/b> in Hindu mythology, a son of
\nKrishna by Rukmini, said to be a reincar-
\nnation of Kamadeva, the god of love, who
\nwas reduced to ashes by the fiery glance of
\n~ Shiva. Symbolically, Sri Aurobindo
\n(3:452-53) sees Pradyumna as the third
\nPower of the Chaturvyuha, with love as His
\nmanifestation, and sweetness and delight as
\nHis attributes; the Dwapara Yuga is full of
\nPradyumna, the Vaishya. He is identified
\nwith Vishnu, and his Shakti is Mahalakshmi.
\n(Dow.;A;A&R, XIX:93) D 3:200, 207, 452-53 8:43, 59 IV: 115 XIX: 54 XXII: 135<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrahlada<\/b> in Hindu mythology, son of the
\nDaitya king Hiranyakashipu. While yet a boy
\nhe became an ardent devotee of Vishnu.
\nThis enraged his father, who tried to get him
\nkilled in various ways. Prahlada, however, escaped unhurt every time. Ultimately
\nVishnu in his incarnation as Narasimha
\n(Man-Lion) killed Hiranyakashipu. (Dow.)
\nD 12:408 13:349 27:326 111:6<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrajapati(s)<\/b> one of the creator-figures of
\nancient India. In the Veda the term Prajapati
\nis applied to Indra, Savitri, Soma, Hiranya-
\ngarbha, and other deities. In the post-Vedic
\nage he came to be identified with Brahma, who gradually surpassed him in importance.
\nUsed in the plural, the term refers to the
\n"mind-born" children of Brahma. Their
\nnumber (generally considered ten) and
\nnames vary. (Dow.; A)  1:892-94
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

\n10:68 11:22 12:107, 126, 335, 363, 367, 416 13:374 17:278 27:360 VI: 182-84
\nVII: 66 XV: 11<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrakrit<\/b> one of the various middle Indo-
\nAryan languages that represented a
\ndeparture from the fixed form of Sanskrit.
\nThey began as vernacular dialects which
\nwere often distinguished by regional names, and<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\neventually developed distinct literary
\nstyles. The modem languages of India
\ndeveloped from the Prakrit languages, of
\nwhich Apabhramsa was the latest stage.
\n(Enc. Br.) Der: Prakritic  3:198 10:51 11:505 14:47, 186<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPramadvura<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> wife of
\nRuru, and mother of the Rishi Sunaka.
\n(M.N.)  5:258<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPramathanatha<\/b> an epithet of Shiva, meaning
\n"master of the Pramathas". His Pramathas or
\nattendants are numerous; they are imps and
\ndemons of various kinds. (Dow.)  17:378<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPramathas<\/b> the fourth type from below
\nof the ten forms of consciousness in the
\nevolutionary scale of man. The Pramatha
\nmind is concentrated on the heart and the
\nemotional and aesthetic part of the citta.<\/i> In
\nHindu mythology, Pramathas are a class of
\nbeings (demons) attending on Shiva. (A;<\/font><\/p>\n

\nI&G) 0 22:395 VI: 183-85, 188-89 XIX: 24<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPramatheshwari<\/b> spouse of Shiva who is
\nPramatheshwar (Lord of the Pramathas).
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPramati<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> son of the sage
\nChyavan. Pramati fathered a son named
\nRuaru or Ruru by an Apsara. (M.N.)  27:152 .<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrapthie<\/b> (Prapti), in the Mahabharata,
\n<\/i>daughter of Jarasandha, and younger sister
\nof Sahadeva. She and her sister Asti (see
\n<\/i>Ustie) were wives of Kansa. (Dow.)  8:41<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPmshna Upanishad<\/i> "Upanishad of the
\nQuestions", an Upanishad of the Atharva
\nVeda. (Up.K.)  12: pre., 56, 295
\n14: 275-76, 278 18: 412, 501, 511 20: 7
\nV: 36 XV: 58 XVIII: 156<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPraskanwa Kanwa<\/b> (Praskanva Kanva), a
\nVedic Rishi, descendant of Kanva.
\na 10: 124 XVI:<\/b> 160-62, 164<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPratap, Rao of Ichalgurh<\/b> a character – a
\nChouhan noble – in Sri Aurobindo’s play
\nPrince of Edur.<\/i> Var: Ichalgurh<\/b> a 7:739, 783-86, 789-90, 794-804, 812<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPratapaditya<\/b> (1564-1612?), a valiant
\nlandlord of Jessore in Bengal (now in<\/font><\/p>\n

\t\tBangladesh). He refused to pay tribute
\nto Akbar and defeated a Moghul army.
\nUltimately, however, he was overpowered, made captive and sent to Delhi, dying on the
\nway. According to some accounts he had a
\nvery large area – covering Jessore, Khulna, and 24-Parganas – under his rule. (D.I.H.;<\/font><\/p>\n

S.B.C.) a 3:214 4:99, 129 1:22<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-254<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPratap Singh<\/b> better known as Rana Pratap
\nSingh (15457-97), ruler of the Rajput
\nconfederacy of Mewar (now in northwest
\nIndia and Pakistan) from 1572 to 1597. He
\nwas a unique figure in the history of India, a great hero and a true patriot who stood
\nagainst immense odds to uphold the indepen-
\ndence of his country. (D.I.H.; Enc. Br.)
\nD 1:623 4:99, 129 12:484<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPratibasi<\/b><\/i> a journal published from Calcutta
\naround 1907. (A) a <\/b> l: 478<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPratisthana<\/b> an ancient Indian city, the
\ncapital of the early kings of the Lunar
\ndynasty. It was perhaps situated on the
\neastern side of the confluence of the Ganga
\nand the Yamuna, opposite to the site of
\nmodem Allahabad. (Dow.)  5:217-18
\n7: 909, 926, 990<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPraxilla <\/b> a character – head of the palace
\nhousehold in the women’s apartments – in
\nSri Aurobindo’s play Perseus the Deliverer.
\n0<\/i> 6: 3, 27-38, 41-42, 57-58, 61, 64-65, 127, 131-32, 135, 137-38, 141, 143, 182, 185-86, 192<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPraxiteles<\/b> sculptor of Athens (fl. 370-330
\nBe), greatest of the Attic sculptors of the 4th
\ncentury BC, and one of the most original of
\nGreek artists. (Enc. Br.)  14: 228 II: 6
\nXIV: 116<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrayag(a) <\/b>a place of Hindu pilgimage in
\nUttar Pradesh at the confluence of the rivers
\nGanga and Yamuna (it is said that an under-
\nground stream, the Saraswati, also joins
\nthem). The city that has grown up nearby is
\nnow known as Allahabad. (Dow.) Var:<\/font><\/p>\n

Proyaga (as pronounced by the Bengalis)
\n\u2022  8:246, 355 27: 159 XVI: 146<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrayaswats<\/b> (Prayasvantah), names of Vedic
\nRishis, descendants of Atri. (B.P.C.;<\/font><\/p>\n

V. Index) a n: 232<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrayer of Columbus<\/i> one of the most notable
\npoems of Walt Whitman. (Enc. W.B.)  9: 152<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrayers and Meditations<\/i> English translation
\nof the Mother’s Prieres et Meditations,
\n<\/i>written mostly in France. Some of these
\nprayers were translated by Sri Aurobindo, and this translation was first published in
\n1941. An enlarged edition, including additional prayers that were translated by
\nothers, first came out in 1948. n 25: 48, 219, 369, 383, 403 26: 508<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrayoga Bhargava<\/b> a Vedic Rishi, descendant
\nof Bhrigu. II: 370<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPremanand<\/b> famous medieval Gujarati poet of
\nthe latter half of the 17th century. He wrote on an epic <\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nscale, drawing upon
\nPuranic and indigenous themes. His mastery of verse is highlighted by a luxurious
\ncolourful diction and a unique creative
\ntouch, a 3: 155 14: 320<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPresidency College established under the
\nname of Hindu College at Calcutta in 1817, mainly through the efforts of Raja Ram-
\nmohan Roy and David Hare. It afterwards
\ndeveloped into Presidency College.
\n(A.H.I.) n 3:76, 80 27:351<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPretas<\/b> in the mythology of India, the spirit
\nof a dead person for whom funeral rites have not yet been performed. If denied
\nthe final obsequies, apreta<\/i> may become a bhuta, <\/i> or
\nwandering ghost. (Enc. Br.) a 27:430<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrezonysl<\/b> name of a place in Europe.
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPriam<\/b> in Greek legend, the last Trojan king, who resigned during the Trojan War. He was
\na son of Laomedon. His wife was Hecuba, and he had many children including Hector
\nand Paris. In Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> he is
\npictured as an old man of imposing presence
\nwho has retired from active rule. (M.I.;<\/font><\/p>\n

Col. Enc.; Web.) 0<\/i> 5:392, 399-400, 402-04, 408, 411-13, 424, 429-30, 433, 435, 439-40, 442, 445-50, 453-56, 460-61, 464-65, 467, 479, 483, 514 II: 26 IV: 114 VI: 135<\/font><\/p>\n

\nPriamid an epithet of Priam’s sons. (M.I.)  5: 401, 408, 433, 454, 458-59, 513 VI: 134<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrice, <\/b> Dr. Richard Price (1723-91), English
\ntheologian and political philosopher. He
\nardently supported the French.Revolution
\nand was subsequently criticized by Edmund
\nBurke in his Reflections on the Revolution in
\nFrance.<\/i> (Col. Enc.)  1: 648<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrieres et Meditations<\/i> selected "Prayers" of
\nthe Mother, originally written in French and
\nfirst published in 1932.  25:367, 383, 403<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrimrose, Dr.<\/b> a character, the hero of
\nGoldsmith’s Vicar of Wakefield<\/i> (1766).
\n(Ox. Comp.; Col. Enc.)  II: 19<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrince, <\/b> the "The Prince", title translated
\ninto English of a book in Italian Ilprincipe
\n<\/i>(1532), Machiavelli’s best-known work. It
\nhas made his name a symbol of political
\nimmortality. His exact intentions in writing<\/font><\/p>\n

\nIlprincipe<\/i> remain a mystery and a matter
\nof controversy. (Col. Enc.) Q 1:579<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrince of Darkness<\/b> an epithet of Satan.
\n(C.O.D.)  1:601<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-255<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPrincep, Justice<\/b> chairman of the Official
\nEmoluments Commission at Baruipur
\n(Bengal). He was replaced by Bankim
\nChandra. (A)  3: 84<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrince Paradox<\/b> See<\/i> Treneth<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrincess, the The Princess<\/i> (1847), a long
\nnarrative poem by Tennyson, reissued in
\n1850 with the interspersed songs which are
\nits chief beauty. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  9: 63, 456<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrior, Matthew (1664-1721), one of the
\nneatest of English epigrammatists who, in
\noccasional pieces and familiar verse, had no
\nrival. (Ox. Comp.)  11:13<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrishni<\/b> in the Vedas and Puranas, the earth, mother of the Maruts. In the Vedas the
\nname is also used for a cow. (Dow.)  10: 157<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPritha<\/b> a name of Kunti. See<\/i> Kunti(e)’<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrithivi<\/b> in the Rig-veda, <\/i> the "earth" as
\nthe "broad" or "wide" one; later she is
\npersonified as a deity both alone and with
\nDiv or "Heaven". She is the goddess Earth, the mother of all beings. In the Vishnu
\nPurana<\/i> she is represented as receiving her
\nname from PRITHU, who granted her life, and so was as a father to her. (V. Index;<\/font><\/p>\n

Dow.) Var: <\/b> prthivi<\/i>  3:30, 32 10:114, 171, 275 12:84 19:780 V: 25, 68 XV: 44<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrithu<\/b> or Prithi or Prithi-vainya. In Hindu
\nmythology there are many Prithus. The ref-
\nerence here (8: 99) is to Prithi-vainya, the
\nson of Vena. He was said to be the first
\nking, and from him the earth received her
\nname Prithivi. His subjects suffered from
\nfamine because the earth withheld edible
\nplants. Prithu became angry. The earth
\nassumed the form of a cow and promised to
\nrestore all the needed fruits if a calf were
\ngiven to her through which she might be able
\nto secrete milk. Prithu thereupon made
\nSwayambhuva Manu the calf and milked the
\nearth. Thence proceeded all kinds of corn
\nand vegetables. (Dow.) n 8:99<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrithuraj<\/b> a character – companion of
\nBappa; a young Rajpoot refugee – in Sri
\nAurobindo’s play Prince ofEdur.<\/i>  7:739, 756-59, 765, 767-68, 797, 801, 811-14<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrithvish Babu<\/b> Prithvish Chandra
\n<\/b>Roy
\n(1870-1928), a Congress leader of Bengal, belonging to the Moderate party, and closely
\nassociated with Gokhale, Watcha, and Surendranath Banerji. He was the editor of
\nthe Indian World<\/i> and author of a number of
\nbooks in English. (S.B.C.)  4:238<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nPriyamvada<\/b> a character – a friend and
\ncompanion of Shakuntala – in Kalidasa’s
\nfamous play Abhijndna Sdkuntalam.
\n<\/i> 3: 231<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPriyumvada<\/b> a character in the long narrative
\npoem Love and Death<\/i> by Sri Aurobindo.
\nThe name is a substitute for Pramadvara of
\nthe story of Ruru and Pramadvara told in the
\nMahabharata, <\/i> on which the theme of the
\npoem is based, 5:231, 233, 235, 238-39, 258 27:153-54<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrizrend<\/b> Prizren, a city in southern Serbia
\n(now in Yugoslavia), northwest of Skoplje.
\nIts population consists chiefly of Albanians.
\nPrizren was taken by the Serbians in 1912
\nand assigned to them by the Treaty of
\nBucharest (1913). (Col. Enc.)  XXI: 71<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe Problem of Rebirth<\/b> a book by Sri
\nAurobindo published in 1952 containing
\nessays from Arya, <\/i> reprinted with minor
\nrevisions and a letter by the author in reply
\nto a question about this series of articles.
\n(I&G)  22:302<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProcrustean<\/b> of or relating to Procrustes, a
\nrobber in Greek legend. He had an iron bed
\n(or according to some accounts, two beds)
\non which he compelled his victims to lie, stretching or cutting off their legs to make
\nthem fit the bed’s length. The "bed of Procrustes" has become proverbial for
\ninflexibility, and the word "Procrustean"
\nhas come to mean "tending to produce
\nuniformity by violent methods". (Enc. Br.;<\/font><\/p>\n

\nC.O.D.) D 10: 86 15: 608 17: 338 V: 87<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProgress of Poesy<\/i> a Pindaric ode by Gray, written in 1754 and published in 1759. (Ox.
\nComp.)I: 14-15<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrometheus<\/b> in Greek religion, Titan or
\ndemigod who made man from clay, stole fire
\nfrom Olympus and taught men the use of it
\nand also various arts. Zeus punished him by
\nchaining him to a rock in Caucasus where a
\nvulture daily devoured his liver. He suffered
\nthis torment until Hercules set him free.
\n(Col. Enc.)  1:744-45 15:97 29:506<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrometheus Unbound<\/i> a closet drama
\ncomposed in 1820 by Shelley. Known for its
\nrich variety, it is the poet’s supreme effort
\nand one of the masterpieces of poetry. (Col.
\nEnc.; A)  1:558 3:294 9:127-28 X: 144<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe Prophecy of Famine<\/i> a poem by Charles
\nChurchill, published in 1763. (Ox. Comp.)  II: 19<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-256<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPropontis<\/b> in ancient times, name of the Sea
\nof Marmora, from its position relative to the
\nBlack Sea. (Propontis is a Greek word
\nmeaning "fore-sea".) (Enc. Br.) o 5: 444<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProspero<\/b> a character – the deposed duke of
\nMilan – in Shakespeare’s comedy The
\nTempest.<\/i> By magic he raises a tempest off
\nthe island he inhabits with his daughter
\nMiranda, and then acts as host to the
\nshipwrecked malefactors. (Web.)
\nD 4:64 26:335, 337-38<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProtestantism<\/b> one of the three major
\nbranches of Christianity, originating in
\n16th-century Reformation, characterized by
\nits doctrines of justification by grace through
\nfaith, the priesthood of all believers, and the
\nauthority of the Scriptures. (Enc. Br.)
\nVar: Protestant Christianity; Protestant
\nReformation a 4: 147 12: 55-56 14: 79
\n15: 10 16: 365 XIV: 127<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProteus<\/b> in Greek mythology, the prophetic
\nold man of the sea and shepherd of the sea’s
\nflocks (e.g. seals). He knew all things – past, present, and future – but disliked telling
\nwhat he knew. Those who wished to consult
\nhim had first to surprise and bind him during
\nhis noonday slumber. Even when caught he
\nwould try to escape by assuming all sorts of
\nshapes, for he had the power of assuming
\nwhatever shape he pleased. (Enc. Br.)  II: 6<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProthero, <\/b> George Walter (1848-1922), member of the faculty of King’s College, Cambridge: Fellow, 1872-96; Tutor, 1876-94;<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nSenior Proctor, 1888-89. He was professor of
\nhistory at Edinburgh University, 1894-99;<\/font><\/p>\n

\neditor of Quarterly Review, <\/i> 1899-1922;<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nDirector of the historical section of the
\nForeign Office, 1918-19. (Prothero was never
\nProvost as asserted by Sri Aurobindo. Leigh
\nwas elected in 1889 and followed by M. R.
\nJames in 1905.) (A&R-IL97)  26:1 II: 87 ("C.W." is a misprint for "G.W.")<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProthoenor<\/b> in Greek legend, a Theban
\nprince and a leader of the Boeotians in
\n<\/b>the
\n<\/b>Trojan War. (M.I.)  5:479-80, 491<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProthous<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> a
\n<\/b>Greek
\nwarrior. (M.I.) n 5:491<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProvencal<\/b> a Romance language spoken by
\nmore than 12 million persons in southern
\nFrance. All Provencal speakers use French
\nas their official and cultural language, but
\nProvencal dialects are used for <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\neveryday purposes and show no sign of extinction.
\nThe earliest written material in Provencal is said to date from the 10th
\ncentury. Literature in Provencal is plentiful, for it was a standard
\nand literary language in France and northern
\nSpain from the 12th to the 14th century.
\n(Enc. Br.)
\n0 15:310, 480, 496<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProvence<\/b> a former province of France, on
\nthe Mediterranean coast between the Alps
\nand the Rhone. A centre of the civilisation
\nof southern France, Provence has kept the
\ntradition of its distinctive language and
\nliterature. (Enc. Br.) Der: Provencal (in
\nsenses other than the language) Q 1:38, 526 7:1027 15:291, 526<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nProyaga<\/b> See<\/i> Prayag(a)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPrussia<\/b> name applied from 1701 to the
\nkingdom ruled by the German Hohenzollern
\ndynasty, including former Prussia (the land
\nof the Prussians on the southeastern coast of
\nthe Baltic Sea) and Brandenburg, with Berlin
\nas its capital. Prussia expanded far beyond
\nthese boundaries in the 18th and 19th cen-
\nturies. After the fall of the Hohenzollerns in
\n1918, the name Prussia was applied to the
\n"Land" (state) in the German "Reich" which
\nincluded most of their former kingdom. This
\nwas abolished by the Allies in 1947 as part of
\ntheir political reorganization of Germany
\nafter its defeat in World War II. (Enc. Br.)
\nDer: Prussian; Prussianism; Prussianise (assimilate to the Prussian system of sacrificing the individual to the state)
\na 1:526 2:406 15:288, 299, 417, 420, 497
\n17:244<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPryas in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> a Thessalian, killed by Pharatus. (M.I.)
\nD 5:516<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nP.S.;Psalmodist<\/b> See<\/i> Parthasarathi<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPsychology<\/b><\/i> an abridged edition (1905), read by Sri Aurobindo, of Principles of
\nPsychology<\/i> (1890), a two-volume work by
\nthe American psychologist William James
\nthat became a basic text. (Enc. Br.)  9:560 26:384<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPtolemaic<\/b> of Ptolemy, a celebrated
\nAlexandrine astronomer, geographer, and
\nmathematician of the 2nd century, who held
\nEarth to be stationary. (Col. Enc.; Enc.
\nBr.)  16:97<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPtolemy<\/b> one of the Ptolemies, fourteen
\nrulers of Egypt from the death of Alexander
\nthe Great to Cleopatra, i.e. from 323 to 30
\nBC. (C.O.D.;Enc.Br.)  6:361, 402, 427, 447, 469<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPulinda, the<\/b> name of a barbarous tribe; a
\nmember or the king of this tribe. (M. W.)
\na XXII: 135<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-257<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Patiala a protected princely state till its merger with the Indian Federal Republic in 1948. It first formed part of PEPSU (Patiala and East Punjab…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","wpcat-87-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3558","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3558"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3558\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3558"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3558"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3558"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}