{"id":3564,"date":"2013-07-13T01:49:35","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=3564"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:49:35","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:35","slug":"20-glossary-and-index-page-226-to-242-vol-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/02-other-editions\/glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works\/20-glossary-and-index-page-226-to-242-vol-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","title":{"rendered":"-20_Glossary and Index Page 226 to 242.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n\n
\n

\nNazareth historic city of Lower Galilee, northern Israel. It is closely associated with
\nthe childhood of Jesus and is a centre of
\nChristian pilgrimage. (Enc. Br.)  13:12, 153<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNazi<\/b> a political party (full name in
\nEnglish: National Socialist German Workers’
\nParty) founded in 1919. Under the leadership
\nof Adolf Hitler it dominated Germany from
\n1933 to 1945, governing the country by
\ntotalitarian methods. Although originally
\nconceived as an organization that would run
\non nationalist and Socialist doctrines, in later
\nyears it became anti-democratic, anti-liberal, and belligerent. The Nazis led Germany into
\nthe horrors of World War II and to its ultimate total defeat by the Allied nations.
\n(Enc. Br.) Der: Nazily; Nazism  5:114 15: 17, 36, 193, 196, 327, 480, 513 <\/b> 26: 38-39, 346, 393<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNazir-ud-Din, Jamadar<\/b> a character\u2014
\nin-charge of sepoys – in Bankim Chandra’s
\nnovel AnandaMath.<\/i> (A) a 8:355<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNeaera<\/b> the name given to various nymphs in
\nclassical poetry. It appears in Milton’s
\nLycidas.<\/i> (Enc. Am.)  <\/b>29: 759<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNeapolitan<\/b> of Naples. (C.O.D.) a 1: 362<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNear East a term usually referring to the
\nlands around the eastern shores of the
\nMediterranean Sea, including northeastern
\nAfrica, southwestern Asia, and, occasionally, the Balkan Peninsula. Since World War II, the name has been largely supplanted by
\n"Middle East", though the two are frequently used interchangeably. (Enc. Br.)  15: 367 17: 195<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNebassar<\/b> a character-captain of the
\n<\/b>Chaldean Guard – in Sri Aurobindo’s
\n<\/b>play
\n<\/b>Perseus the Deliverer.<\/i> Var:
\n<\/b>Nabassar
\n<\/b> 6:3, 108, 113, 131, 135, 140-43.147, 186<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNeelakantaiyar,
\n<\/b>K. A.
\n<\/b>name of a South Indian.
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. -27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNefdi<\/b> In the Cosmic Tradition (Tradition
\nCosmique), <\/i> to which the Mother belonged
\nin France, "the great
\n<\/b>Redeemed One"
\n<\/b>(Ie grande Redempte).
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\nNegro member of any of several groups of
\npeoples, characterized physically by a black
\nor dark brown skin, woolly hair, broad flat
\nnose, prominent eyes with yellowish cornea, thick lips, and prognathous jaw. Most
\nAfricans south of the Sahara are Negroes. (Col. Enc.)  1:58.559 27:11 IX: 43<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNelabha<\/b> apparently the name of a nymph of
\nheaven in Hindu mythology, 5:190<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nNeleus<\/b> in Greek legend, a son of Poseidon
\nand the father of Nestor. (A)  5:491<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNelson’<\/b> Horatio Nelson (1758-1805), 1st
\nViscount Nelson, British naval commander in
\nthe wars with Revolutionary and Napoleonic
\nFrance who won crucial victories in the
\nbattle of the Nile and Trafalgar, and is still
\nregarded as Britain’s most appealing national
\nhero. (Enc. Br.-, Pears)  1:704<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNelson2<\/b> name of an official, perhaps of the C.I.D., around 1920. (A)  27:494<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNema<\/b> a Vedic Rishi with the patronymic
\nBhargava. (M.W.)  XIII:60<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNemesis<\/b> Greek personification of law
\n<\/b>and
\n<\/b>order as avenging itself on the violator.
\nPossibly at first an abstraction, it became
\npersonified as a fatal goddess
\n<\/b>or a spirit of
\n<\/b>vengeance. (Col. Enc.)  <\/b>1:784 <\/b>5:<\/b>15 <\/b>6:<\/b>493<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNeo-Platonism 3rd-century mixture of
\nPlatonic ideas with Oriental mysticism. See
\nalso<\/i> Plotinus. (C.O.D.) Der: Neo-Platonist
\nn 14:51, 147.270 16:309, 366.370 22:159<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNeoptolemus in Greek mythology, son of
\nAchilles and Deidamia. In Homer’s Iliad,
\n<\/i>he is sent for by the Greeks after Achilles’
\ndeath, as his presence is necessary, according
\nto an oracle, for the taking of Troy.<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n In Sri
\nAurobindo’s \/\/ion, however, he comes before
\nhis father has been slain, but for the same
\npurpose. "Neoptolemus" in Greek means
\n"new in war" (young warrior). (M.I.; Col.
\nEnc.)  5:486-87<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNepal<\/b> independent kingdom in the Himalayan region, along the northern frontier of
\nIndia from the Sutlej in the west to Sikkim
\nin the east. (D.I.H.)  14:237 26:409
\nIX: 1.2<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNe <\/b>Plus Ultra<\/i> a poem
\n<\/b>by K. D. Sethna, composed in 1931.  26:271, 298<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNeptune<\/b> in Roman religion, ancient god
\nof fresh water. Neptune was probably an
\nindigenous god of fertility, but in later times
\nhe was identified with the Greek Poseidon, god of the sea. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  10:86, 106<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNereid(s) in Greek mythology, the daughters (numbering 50 or 100) of the sea-god
\nNereus, and of Doris. They were nymphs
\nwho presided over the sea, protecting sailors
\nin distress. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.)  3:37
\n5:505, 524, 546 XVI: 141, 144<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-226<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nNereus<\/b> in Greek mythology, god of the sea.
\nHe was the son of Pontus and Gaea, the
\nhusband of Doris, and the father of 50 (or
\n100) sea nymphs called the Nereids. He was
\nconceived of as a kindly old man. (Col.
\nEnc.)  5:506 17:257<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNero Nero Claudius Caesar<\/b> (AD 37-68), originally named Lucius Domitius Aheno-
\nbarbus; fifth Roman emperor (54-68), remembered for his unstable character and his
\ncruelty. He had ambitions to be a poet and
\nartist and was an enthusiastic admirer of
\nGreek culture. Nero was, according to Sri
\nAurobindo, an artistic temperament cursed
\nwith the doom of kingship. (Enc. Br.; Col.
\nEnc.; A)  1:287, 845 2:73 3:10, 70, 264-65 7:858 17:384 27:51 X: 147-48<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNestor<\/b> in Greek legend, son of Neleus; an
\naged statesman and counsellor who retained
\nsome strength and mental vigour long after
\nhis youth had passed. Nestor was the lord of
\nWest Messenia, his home being PYLOS. He
\nwas respected and full of advice, but his
\ncounsel was generally ineffective and un-
\nsuccessful, and his tactics archaic. (M.I.;<\/font><\/p>\n

Col. Enc.)  5:484, 486, 491<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNetherlands, <\/b> the also called HOLLAND, a kingdom in northwestern Europe, bounded
\nby the North Sea in the north and west, by
\nBelgium in the south, and by Germany in
\nthe east. Much of the country lies below
\nsea-level and is protected by dikes. Amster-
\ndam is the constitutional capital. The Hague
\nis the royal residence and the seat of govern-
\nment. (Col. Enc.)  1:411 15:264<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNetra<\/b> Netrakona<\/b>, a town of Bengal (now
\nin Bangladesh), about 25 miles east of Mymensingh. (S.Atlas)  2:375<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNeva a river in Leningrad oblast
\n(administrative region) of northwestern
\nRussian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic.
\nIt is the outlet for Lake Ladoga from which
\nit issues via a delta into the Gulf of Finland.
\nIt is only fory-six miles long, but derives
\nconsiderable importance from iis navigability
\nby large ships and from the presence of
\nLeningrad city at its mouth. (Enc. Br.)
\na 4:25<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNevinson<\/b> Henry W. Nevinson (1856-1941), active journalist (1897-1930); special correspondent of the Daily News<\/i> of London. He
\nlanded in Bombay on 25 October 1907 and
\nvisited Bengal (1907-08) as correspondent for
\nthe Manchester Guardian<\/i> and other papers.
\nHe was one of the most sympathetic visitors
\nfrom England to India at the time of the
\nNational Movement in Bengal. His impressions are contained in his book The New
\nSpirit in India.<\/i> Nevinson interviewed Sri
\nAurobindo in Bengal, and was present at the Surat Congress. (Maj.-II; N.S.I.; M.I., Aug.’80; Gilbert, p. 155)  2:286 26:354<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nNew England<\/b> region in northeast U. S., including Maine, New Hampshire,
\nVermont, Massach-issetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Named by Capt. John
\nSmith, who explored its shores in 1614 for some London
\nmerchants, colonial New England was settled
\nby religious refugees seeking a more abundant
\nlife. The Puritan ethic, which discouraged
\nidleness and luxury and glorified saving, served admirably the need of fledgling
\ncommunities where the work to be done was
\nso prodigious and the hands so few. (Enc.
\nBr.) 5:380<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNew English School a national school started
\nat Poona in the first decade of the 20th cen-
\ntury, as a part of the Swadeshi movement.
\n(A)  1:479<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNewgate historic London prison dating from
\nthe 12th century AD. It was not used after
\n1877, and in 1902 was torn down. (Col.
\nEnc.) 1: 580<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNew Idea<\/b> See<\/i> LTdee Nouvelle<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNew India’<\/i> English weekly of Calcutta, a
\nnationalist paper started by Bepin Chandra
\nPal in 1904. It was published from the
\nClassic Press in Corporation Street, now
\nknown as Ranee Rashmoni Road. (A.B.T.;<\/font><\/p>\n

\nA&R)  1:184, 262, 907 2:23 IV: 110<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNew India2<\/i> English daily newspaper of
\nMadras started as Madras Standard<\/i> on
\n1 August 1914, and renamed New India<\/i> in
\nJuly 1915 after Dr. Annie Besant assumed its
\nfull control as proprietor, publisher, printer
\nand editor. (S.F.F.)  2:434 27:503<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n"New Lamps for Old"<\/b> a series of nine
\narticles on Congress politics written by Sri
\nAurobindo and published in the Indu
\nPrakash<\/i> in 1893-94. The articles severely
\ncriticised the policy of the Congress. The first
\ntwo articles created a furore in political cir-
\ncles and M. G. Ranade, who was connected
\nwith the Indu Prakash, <\/i> sent a warning to the
\neditor that he might be prosecuted for
\nsedition. (Purani)  26: 13, 24<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNewman, Cardinal<\/b> John Henry Newman
\n(1801-90), English theologian and writer.
\n(Web.) 1-1 1:374<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNewman, <\/b> Mr. special correspondent of the
\nEnglishman<\/i> around 1905-07. (A)  1:373, 375-76<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNewmania humorous coinage of Sri
\nAurobindo referring to the alarmist reports
\nof MR. NEWMAN as though they were the
\nravings of some form of insanity.  1:372-73, 482, 565<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-227<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nNew-Risen Moon’s Eclipse<\/i> a poem by Arjava
\n(J. A. Chadwick), published in his collection
\nPoems.<\/i> (A)  9: 409<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe New Statesman and (the) Nation<\/i> English
\nweekly (incorporating the Athenaeum, <\/i> a
\nweek-end Review), issued from London.
\n(Cal. Lib.) a 9: 444 26: 387<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNewton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727), English
\nphysicist and mathematician, recognized as
\none of history’s greatest scientists, whose
\nwork profoundly influenced 18th-century
\nthought. He is probably best known for his
\nformulation of the Law of Gravitation and
\nof the Laws of Motion. (Col. Enc.) Der: Newtonean o 1:281, 841 9:303, 379
\n12: 6, 30 14: 198-99 16: 82 17: 193 23: 520, 628 26: 134, 331-32 27: 163 IX: 42
\nXIV: 121, 145, 158 XV: 5<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNew Ways in English Literature<\/i> a collection
\nof essays by James Cousins, mostly on con-
\ntemporary poetry, published by Ganesh &
\nCo., Madras, in 1917.
\nn 9: 1 V: 17<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNew York the largest city in the U.S.A.
\nSituated at the mouth of the Hudson River
\nin N.Y. State, it is the chief commercial
\ncentre of the U.S.A. and the Western
\nHemisphere. (Col. Enc.; Pears) a 1:32, 814 3: 455 5: 120 14: 64 22: 190 26:413
\n27: 469<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNiagara<\/b> Niagara Falls in the Niagara River, one of the most famous spectacles in North
\nAmerica and an important source of hydro-
\nelectric power. (Col. Enc.)
\na 22: 427<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNibaran<\/b> someone who, in 1907, "hardly
\nescaped from the gallows by a strange mercy
\nof Fate". (A) o 1:560<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNibelungenlied<\/i> modern accepted title of a
\nMiddle High German epic written c. 1200 by an unknown Austrian. In German myth
\nand literature, Nibelungen is an evil family
\npossessing a magic hoard of gold, which is
\naccursed. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) n 9:49
\n26: 234 I:7<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNicanor’<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s play Rodogune,
\n<\/i>the deceased first husband of Cleopatra, Queen of Syria. (A) a 6:340, 349, 359, 381, 434, 442<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNicanor2<\/b> a character – a prince of the house
\nof Syria and father of Eunice – in Sri
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nAurobindo’s play Rodogune.<\/i>  <\/b>6: 333, 394-95. 397, 401-02, 404-06, 411, 418, 421, 426, 432, 441, 458-69<\/font><\/p>\n

\nNice Mediterranean tourist centre, capital
\nof Alpes-Maritimes departement of south-
\neastern France. It was ceded to France by
\ntheTreatyofTurinin 1860. (Enc. Br.)  2: 164<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNicholas, <\/b> Czar Nicholas II of Russia
\n(1868-1918), last emperor and czar of Russia
\n(1894-1917), generally judged as an inept and
\nautocratic ruler. He was executed by the
\nBolsheviks in 1918, after they had seized
\npower. (Enc. Br.) D 1: 420 2: 254<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNicias<\/b> (d. 413 Be), Athenian statesman, a
\nman of great wealth. After Pericles’ death he
\ncame forward as the opponent of Cleon.
\n(Col. Enc.) 15: 339<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNidah<\/b> a Vedic term, meaning "Restrainers"
\nor "Censurers". They are considered
\nstronger than Vritras. (SABCL, Vol. 10, p. 245 fn.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNidhu Babu<\/b> popular name of Ramnidhi
\nGupta (1741-1839), a famous writer of
\nmusical verse. A composer of light melodies, he is known for introducing Hindustani
\n"Tappa" in Bengal. A collection of his songs
\nGitaratna<\/i> came out in 1832; two larger
\ncollections were published after his death.
\n(Gospel, p. 1039;S.B.C.)
\na 8:265.267<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNietzche, <\/b>Friedrich (1844-1900), German
\nclassical scholar, philosopher, and critic of
\nculture, who had a powerful influence on
\ncontinental philosophy and literature. (Enc.
\nBr.) Der: Nietzchean D 9:32 13:38.52.
\n129 14:46, 57, 420 15:18, 24.34-35, 49, 218.
\n224-25, 244. 331 16: 275-76, 344, 346-47, 349.
\n357, 362, 369 17: 95, 318 19: 722, 1067
\n26: 145 IX: 17 XVII: 37<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNightingale<\/b>, Florence (1820-1910), English
\nhospital administrator, born at Florence in
\nItaly. She was the founder of trained nursing
\nas a profession for women. Her genius for
\nadministration was diplayed in 1854 in the
\nCrimean War. Miss Nightingale was the first
\nwoman to receive (1907) the British Order of
\nMerit. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.) n 12:484<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNight Thoughts The Complaint: or. Night
\nThoughts on Life, Death and Immortality
\n<\/i>(1742-45), a long, didactic poem by Edward
\nYoung. His grief, his thoughts of death, and
\nhis search for religious consolation are
\nincorporated in the poem, a blank-verse dramatic monologue of nearly 10, 000
\nlines, divided into nine parts or "Nights". (Enc.
\nBr.) Var: Night’s Thoughts<\/i> a n: 12, 16<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-228<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nNilakantha<\/b> name of a celebrated Sanskrit
\nwriter of commentaries on the Mahabharata,
\n<\/i>the Devibhagavata<\/i> and many other Sanskrit
\nworks, l-l 17:267<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNilarudra Upanishad<\/b><\/i> an Upanishad
\nbelonging to the Atharvaveda.<\/i> (Up. K.)  12:421<\/font><\/p>\n

\nNile the longest river of Africa and of the
\nworld, having a course of 4132 miles. It rises
\nin highlands south of the Equator and flows
\nnorthward to enter the Mediterranean Sea in
\na broad delta north of Cairo. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 6:13, 361, 404, 432 7:843<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNimai Pandit<\/b> the original name of CHAFTANYA before he became a Sannyasin.
\n1-1 1:853 22:420<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNineteenth Century<\/i> a monthly review
\nfounded in 1877 by Sir J. T. Knowles, who
\nwas the first editor. When the nineteenth
\ncentury ended, the review added to its old
\ntitle "And After". (Ox. Comp.)  1:395<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNipounica<\/b> a character – Queen Aushinarie’s
\nhandmaid – in the drama Vikramorvasie;<\/i> also
\na character-handmaid and companion of
\nQueen Iravatie – mentioned in the Dramatis
\nPersonae of Malavica and the King.<\/i> Var:<\/font><\/p>\n

Nipunika  3:283 7:909, 926-28, 944-49, 953, 961, 963-64, 966 8:135 X: 170<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNirapada Nirapada Roy, <\/b>an accused in
\nthe Manicktola Conspiracy Case. He was
\nsentenced to transportation for 10 years by
\nthe Sessions Court, but the sentence was
\nreduced to 5 years’ rigorous imprisonment
\nas a result of an appeal. (P.T.I.; S.B.C.;<\/font><\/p>\n

A.B.T.) <\/b> 4:264<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNinnol (Cumary)<\/b> a character – daughter of
\nHaripal, friend of Comol Cumary – in Sri
\nAurobindo’s play Prince of Edur.<\/i>  7:739, 748-51, 753, 755, 760-64, 768-69, 810, 813-16<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNirodbaran<\/b> (1903- ), an inmate of the
\nAshram who was one of Sri Aurobindo’s
\npersonal attendants between 1938 and
\n1950. During this period he also took Sri
\nAurobindo’s dictation for considerable
\nportions of Savitri.<\/i> Nirodbaran joined the
\nAshram in 1933 after returning from England
\nas a doctor of medicine. He teaches English
\nand Bengali at the Sri Aurobindo Inter-
\nnational Centre of Education. Nirodbaran is
\nalso a poet; three collections of his poems
\nhave been published. His other books, including Talks with Sri Aurobindo, Correspondence with Sri Aurobindo<\/i> and
\nTwelve Years with Sri Aurobindo, <\/i> contain a
\nlively record of his close and intimate contact with the Master and at the same
\ntime
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nreveal some aspects of his own personality.
\na 8:389<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNirukta <\/b>one of the Vedangas. The term
\nmeans "etymology", "glossary". It is devoted
\nto the explanation of difficult Vedic words.
\nThe only work of this kind now known to us
\nis that of Yaska. But such works were no
\ndoubt numerous, and the names of 17 writers
\nof Nirukta are mentioned as having preceded
\nYaska. (Dow.)  4:21.24 10:17, 29 11: 7, 445, 449, 479 12: 408 17: 342 27: 433-
\n111:56 XIV: 133 XVI: 135 XXI: 35, 47, 59, 65, 68. 77<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNirvana<\/b> a sonnet by Sri Aurobindo, first
\npublished in the Calcutta Review<\/i> in October
\n1934. The manuscript is not dated, but it was
\nwritten sometime in the same year. (Sonnets)
\nD<\/i> 9:363, 531 29:735<\/font><\/p>\n

\nNisa name used by Sri Aurobindo for an
\nimaginary girl. n 5:20<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNisac^ra <\/b> See<\/i> Rakshas(a)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNishad(h)a<\/b> name of an ancient country of
\nIndia (and its people). The country is men-
\ntioned in the Mahabharata;<\/i> its ruler was
\nVirasena, father of Nala. (M.N.) Der: Nishadhan
\n<\/b>3 3: 161 5: 335, 337<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNishikanto<\/b> (1909-73), a Bengali poet and
\npainter. Rabindranath Tagore at Shantniketan and Sri Aurobindo at the Pondicherry Ashram (which Nishikanto joined in
\n1934) took a keen interest in the develop-
\nment of his talent. He wrote chiefly in the
\ntraditional style. Nishikanto has to his credit
\nten books of Bengali verse and one of
\nEnglish, a 8:388 9: 435? ("N" probably
\nstands for Nishikanto)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNishkriti<\/i> a Bengali novel by Sarat Chandra
\nChattopadhyaya. The character ofGirish
\ndepicted in it is most appealing. (N.B.A.)
\nn 9: 463<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNitishataka<\/i> a book of Sanskrit verses
\n(epigrams) on morality by Bhartrihari. Sri
\nAurobindo freely rendered it into English
\nverse, entitling his translation "The Century
\nof Morals", a literal translation of the origi-nal title. Later he changed the title to "The
\nCentury of Life". (A)
\nn 8: 157 I: 24<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNivedita, fille del”Inde Nivedita, la fille de
\nI’lnde, <\/i> a book in French by Lizelle Raymond, a French lady interested in Indian spirituality.
\nIt was published from Paris in 1945. (A)
\n26: 67<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-229<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nNivedita, <\/b>Sister name given to Miss
\nMargaret Noble (1867-1911) by Swami
\nVivekananda. An Irishwoman, she was the
\nclosest European disciple of the Swami. She
\ndevoted herself to social service and was an
\nardent supporter of India’s struggle for in-
\ndependence. Sri Aurobindo first met her at
\nBaroda iii 1902, and for many years there-
\nafter she was his friend and comrade in the
\npolitical field. When Sri Aurobindo left for Chandernagore, it was to her that he entrus-
\nted the editing of his journal Karmayogin.
\n(D.I.H.;Purani) a 14:43 23:557 26:16, 36, 56-58, 60-62, 67-71, 354 27: 437, 443
\nXIII: 47-48 XVI: 193 XIX: 25<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNixon, Ronald<\/b> See Krishnaprem<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNoailles, <\/b>Comtesse de Anna Elisabeth de
\nBrancovan (1876-1933), Comtesse de
\nNoailles, French poet, of a noble Rumanian
\nfamily. She wrote also a number of short
\nstories, a novel, and an autobiography.
\n(CoI.Enc.) a 9:327<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNoakhali <\/b>administrative headquarters of
\nNoakhali district in Chittagong division of
\nBengal (now in Bangladesh). (Enc. Br.)
\na 1:262, 357 27:426<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNobin <\/b>See Sen, Nobin<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNobokissen<\/b> MaharajaNabakrishnaDeb (1733-97), Diwan of Robert Clive, who made
\na fortune after the Battle of Plassey and
\nfounded the Sobhabazar Deb House in
\nCalcutta. He was a lover of learning, and, while quite young, taught Persian to Warren
\nHastings. Clive, attracted by his knowledge
\nof Persian, took him in the service of the
\nEast India Company. The emperor of Delhi, on dive’s recommendation, conferred on
\nhim a number of honours and titles, includ-
\ning that of Maharaja Bahadur. (N.B.A.)
\nD 1:280 :<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNodha (Gautama)<\/b> a Vedic Rishi, descendant
\nof Gotama and Kakshivan. a 10:173-74
\n11: 50 III: 48 VIII: 145-46, 149-50<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNokula (Nakula)<\/b>, in the Mahabharata, the
\nfourth Pandava, the twin son of Madri, the
\nsecond wife of Pandu. He was taught the art
\nof training and managing horses by Drona.
\n(Dow.) D 4:77 8:35, 77<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNolini <\/b>See Gupta, Nolini Kanta<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNolinie in Hindu mythology, a nymph of heaven.'(M.W.) n 5:190<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNonconformist English Protestant who does
\nnot conform to the doctrines or practices of
\nthe established Church of England. Non-
\nconformists are also called "dissenters" (a
\nword first used of the five "Dissenting<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nBrethren at the Westminster Assembly of
\nDivines in 1643-47). (Enc. Br.)
\na 1: f08 (non-Conformists) II: 88<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNordic a traditional racial type by physical
\nappearance, denoting the characteristics of
\ntall, fair, long-headed persons, such as
\nScandinavians and Scots. (The term is of
\nmore limited application than Teutonic.)
\n(Enc.Br.;C.O.D.) a 15:43 22:417<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNorman of Normandy. After conquering
\nNormandy in the 10th century, the Norse-
\nmen accepted Christianity and the customs
\nand language of France and became known
\nas Normans. (CoI.Enc.) a 1:53 3:88
\n17:244<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNorse Old Norse (also called Old Icelandic), classical North Germanic language of Iceland
\nfrom c. 1150 to 1350 in which are written the
\nNorse sagas, skaldic poems, and Eddas. The
\nlanguage was almost identical to that of
\nNorway during the same period. (Some
\nscholars use the term Old Norse to refer to
\nall the dialects or languages of the Old
\nScandinavian period.) (Enc. Br.)
\na 10:24 11:14-15<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNorsemen<\/b> name given on the European
\ncontinent to the Scandinavian Vikings who
\nraided the coasts of Europe in the 9th and
\n10th centuries. Afterwards they gradually
\nestablished settlements, became Christianized
\nand adopted French law and the French
\nlanguage. They continued in history under
\nthe name of the Normans. (Col. Enc.)
\n0 7:885-86<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNorth America third largest of the con-
\ntinents. It lies in the Western Hemisphere
\nand is connected to South America by the
\nIsthmus of Panama. It thus includes the
\nwhole of what is sometimes referred to as
\nCentral America, and the northernmost part
\nof the culturally defined entity known as
\nLatin America. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 10:87<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNorthbrook Hall a public hall in Dhaka, named after Thomas George Baring
\nNorthbrook, Viceroy and Governor-General
\nof India from 1872 to 1876. (A;Enc.Br.)
\n0 4:196<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNorth Pole the northern end of the earth’s
\naxis. It lies in the Arctic Ocean about 450
\nmiles north of Greenland. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 2:217 5:297-98, 307 23:797 27:420<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNorth Sea northern arm of the Atlantic
\nOcean, extending between the British Isles
\n(west) and the European continent (south
\nand east), a 15:467<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

Norton, Eardley, barrister-at-law of Madras
\nengaged by the Bengal Government as the
\ncounsel for prosecution in the Alipore Bomb
\nCase (1908-09) in all the three courts – the
\nMagistrate’s, the Sessions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-230<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

Judge’s, and
\n\t\tthe High Court. (A.B.T.)  2:76, 353-54, 368
\n4:260, 281, 283-85, 287-90, 296<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNorway kingdom of northern Europe, occupying the western part of the Scan- dinavian Peninsula. (Enc. Br.) Der: Nor-
\nwegian (in senses other than the language)  6:477, 480-90, 494-95, 505, 512, 514-18, 520-21, 524, 528, 530-32, 535, 539, 542-43, 546-47, 549, 552-53, 555-57 7:883, 885 13:53 15:’
\n308, 333, 412 24:1490 11:14 XVI: 144<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNorwegian (language) North Germanic
\nlanguage of the West Scandinavian branch, existing in two distinct and rival norms
\n(Dano-Norwegian and New Norwegian) in
\nNorway since 1917. Both of these mutually
\nintelligible languages are used in government
\nand education, and plans have been made to
\nbring them closer together gradually into a
\ncommon Norwegian language. The last
\ndocuments in pure Norwegian (without
\nDanish influence) date from the period
\n1450-1500. (Enc.Br.)  27:89<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNostradamus<\/b> (1503-66), French astrologer
\nand physician, a Jew whose real name was
\nMichel de Nostredame. He was the most
\nwidely read seer of the Renaissance. He
\nwrote a book of prophecy in some obscure
\nlanguage and prophesied about the execution of Charles I and the end of the British
\nEmpire after its existence of about 330 years
\n(reckoned from James I). (Enc. Br.; Eve.
\nT., p.535)  15:616<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNotables<\/b> See (Advisory) Council of Notables<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNoureddin <\/b>probably the same as
\nNUREDDENE.  5:277<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNowroji, Dadabhai <\/b>See Naoroji, Dadabhai
\nNowsari Navsari, a town about 20 miles
\nsouth of Surat, in the former princely state
\nof Baroda (now in the state of Gujarat).<\/p>\n

(A; S.Atlas)  27:113 Nrimedha a Vedic Rishi, descendant of
\nAngiras. He is mentioned as a protege of
\nAgni. (V. Index) a 11:414
\nNrsimhottaratapaniya an Upanishad
\nbelonging to Atharva-veda. (Up. K.) Var:
\nNrsimhataliya a 4:47, 50
\nNubian inhabitant of Nubia, an ancient
\nregion of northeastern Africa. It was called<\/p>\n

Kush (Cush) under the Pharaohs of ancient
\nEgypt and Ethiopia by the ancient Greeks.<\/p>\n

(Enc.Br.)  7:580<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNuddia<\/b> See Nadiya<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNul <\/b>SeeNala<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNundy, <\/b>Alfred a Bengali Christian, a
\njournalist and politician around 1906.
\n1:195<\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nNureddene <\/b>a character – son of Alfazzal Ibn
\nSawy – in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers
\nofBassora.  7:561, 564, 567, 571, 586-87, 591-92, 595-612, 614, 616-21, 624-25, 632-41, 643-46, 651, 653-58, 660-64, 667, 671-85, 694-95, 697, 699-703, 707, 710-12, 714, 716, 718-19, 724-25, 728-29, 731-34<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNuremberg<\/b> a city in northern Bavaria. After Hitler came to power in 1933
\nNuremberg was made a national shrine by the National Socialists, who held their
\nannual party congresses there. The city was heavily bombed
\nin the Second World War and was largely
\ndestroyed. It was the venue of the war-
\ncrimes trial held after the war. (Col. Enc.)  26:169<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNurmada<\/b> See Narmada<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNuzhath in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers
\nofBassora, name of a person (probably a
\nservant) mentioned by Doonya.  7: 609<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nNyaya<\/b> one of the six Indian orthodox
\nDarshanas (schools of Hindu philosophy), the science of logic. It was founded by the
\nsage Gotama (frequently called Gautama).
\n(Dow.)  1:852 4:46 12:427 14:167
\nVIII: 183 XVII: 27<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nO<\/a><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOates, Titus <\/b>(1649-1705), English conspirator, renegade Anglican priest who
\nfabricated the "Popish Plot" of 1678. Oates’
\nallegations that Roman Catholics were
\nplotting to seize power caused a reign of
\nterror in London and strengthened the
\nanti-Catholic Whig Party. But as the frenzy
\nsubsided, inconsistencies were discovered
\nin his story. In 1685 he was convicted of
\nperjury, severely flogged, and imprisoned.
\n(Enc.Br.;Col.Enc.)  3:459<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nO. B.<\/b> See Browning, Oscar<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOccident(al)(ism)<\/b> See West, the
\nOchterlony, Sir David(1758-1825), a dis-
\ntinguished British general in the service of
\nthe East India Company, who proved his
\nextraordinary ability in the Gurkha War
\n(1814-15, and in the Pindari War (1817-18).
\nThe Ochterlony monument, now called Shaheed Minar, in the Calcutta Maidan, was
\nbuilt to his memory. It is a tall obelisk about
\na hundred feet in height. (D.I.H.) 4:286 0′ Connell, Daniel (1775-1847), first
\nof the great 19th-century Irish leaders in the British House of<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-231<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nCommons. He forced the British
\ngovernment to accept the Emancipation Act
\nof 1829, by which Roman Catholics were
\npermitted to sit in Parliament and to hold
\npublic office. He is known as the Liberator.
\n(Enc. Br.)  l: 368<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOcroor <\/b>See Acrur<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOctavia<\/b> called Octavia Minor (69*11 Be), sister of Octavian (later emperor Augustus)
\nand wife of Mark Antony. She was married
\nto Antony in 40 BC, when he was ruling the
\nRoman state with Octavian and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. At first this marriage
\nhelped to reduce tensions between Antony
\nand Octavian. and, when the two rulers quarrelled in 37 BC, Octavia brought about
\npeace between them, which resulted in the
\nTreaty of Tarentum. But the following year
\nAntony left Italy to command troops in
\nParthia and, while in the East, resumed his
\nliaison with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra. In
\n32 BC Antony obtained a divorce from Octavia. Octavia was a faithful wife and mother
\nwho raised Antony’s children from Cleo-
\npatra with her own children. (Enc. Br.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOde Odes of William ColITns, published in
\n1747. (Ox. Comp.) : 14<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOde (the great) Ode: Intimations of
\nImmortality from Recollections of Early
\nChildhood, a poem by Wordsworth, written
\nin 1805-06 and published in his collection
\nPoem’s in Two Volumes (1807). (Enc. Br.;
\nCol. Enc.)  9:120, 122.522<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOde on Spring one of the earliest and best
\npoems of Gray, written c. 1742. (Enc. Br.)  I: 9<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOde on (the Pleasure Arising from) Vicissi-
\ntude one of Gray’s last poems. (A)  1: 9<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOde on the Popular Superstitions of the
\nHighlands a long ode written by Collins in
\n1749 and published posthumously. It contains
\nsome magnificent verse. (Ox. Comp.)  II: 16<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOde to Duty a poem by Wordsworth, included in his Poems in Two Volumes
\n(1807). (Col. Enc.)  9:274<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOde to Evening one of the best-known odes
\nof Collins, published in 1747. (Ox.
\nComp.) II: 14, 16<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nOde to Liberty one of the Collins’ "Odes"
\npublished in 1747. (Enc. Br.)  11:15<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOdin<\/b> The chief Germanic god Woden was
\ncalled Odin by the Norsemen. He was patron
\nof poetry, but especially he was the god of
\nbattle. He was the host of dead heroes, but
\nless interested in war than his strong-armed
\nson. Thor. See also Wotan. (Col. Enc.)  6: 477, 484, 488, 496, 499, 502, -511, 521, 524, 527, 529, 534, 536, 546, 555-56, 559 15: 46
\n17: 257<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nO’Donnell, <\/b>C. J. British M.P. who was sorely
\naggrieved at the open partisanship of British
\nofficials towards the Muslims during the
\nSwadeshi movement in India around 1907.
\nHe put the question straight in the House of
\nCommons: "May I ask since when has it
\nbecome a part of the policy of the British
\npeople to sub-divide our possessions to the
\nreligious tenets of their inhabitants ?" (A;
\nS.F.F., p.58) D 1:462-63 27:23, 26 .<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOdysseus<\/b> in Greek mythology, king of Ithaca
\nand son and successor ofLaertes. He was
\nthe leader of the Ithacan contingent in the
\nTrojan War, and famed for his cunning
\nstrategy and his wise counsel. The Latin
\nform of"the name is ULYSSES. (Col. Enc.;
\nM.I.)  5:400, 414.430.439, 464.473, 479-81, 483-84, 486-87, 493, 507 8: 409-10 9: 206, 225
\n10: 119 22: 414<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOdyssey <\/b>Greek epic in 24 books, traditionally
\nattributed to Homer. The poem is the story
\nof Odysseus, king of Ithaca, who after ten
\nyears of wandering returns home from the
\nTrojan War. The atmosphere of adventure
\nand beneficent fate in the Odyssey contrasts
\nwith the heavier tone and tragic grandeur of
\nthe Iliad, the other epic attributed to Homer.
\n(Enc.Br.)  5:145 8:409 9:9, 61.77, 225, 523 10:119 26:260 29:798 IV: 161
\nXVI: 182<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOedipus<\/b> in Greek legend, son of King Laius
\nof Thebes and his queen Jocasta. It was
\nforetold that the boy would murder his
\nfather. He was therefore exposed on a
\nmountain, but was found by a shepherd and
\nbrought to the king of Corinth. When
\nOedipus grew up, he learned from an oracle
\nthat he would kill his father and marry his
\nmother. So, thinking that the king and queen
\nof Corinth were his real parents, he fled
\nCorinth. At a cross-road he met Laius, quarrelled with him. killed him and then
\nproceeded to Thebes. There he gained the
\nwidowed queen’s hand by answering the
\nriddle of the Sphinx. The prophecy was thus<\/p>\n

fulfilled. After many years Oedipus learned
\nthe truth from the seer Tiresias and the
\nshepherd, and in an <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-232<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

agony of
\n\t\thorror and revulsion he blinded himself. Jocasta committed suicide. Creon, Jocasta’s
\n\t\tbrother, became king. Oedipus wandered for many
\nyears and finally died. (Col. Enc.)  3:302 27:150<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\nOedipus Oedipus Rex (5th cent. BC), the
\ngreatest tragedy of Sophocles. This play is
\none of the most powerful and haunting of
\nGreek tragedies. (Enc. Br.) a 9:9<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOenone a poem by Tennyson, first published in his collection Poems (1832). In
\nGreek mythology, Oenone is a fountain nymph of
\nMt. Ida. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.)  9:137<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOeta, <\/b>Mount a triangular mountain knot in
\ncentral Greece, an outlier of the Pindus
\nMountains. (Enc. Br.) a XVII: 44<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOffa<\/b> a character – a Norwegian leader –
\nin the drama The House of Brut by Sri
\nAurobindo.  7:883, 885, 888
\n0′ Grady British M.P. (around 1907-08) who
\nasked questions in the House of Commons on
\nthe situation in East Bengal. (A)  1:343<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOileus in Greek legend, an epithet of Locrian Ajax, who was the son of Oileus, a
\nlegendary Locrian king. (M.I.)  5:478<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOkakura, Kakuzo<\/b> (1862-1913), art critic with
\ngreat influence upon modern Japanese art.
\nHe was also intimately concerned with the
\nideal of Asian reawakening and solidarity. He
\ncame to India and stayed at BRLUR MATH.
\nOkakura did not know much of English. His
\nmanuscript dealing with Pan-Asiatic cultural
\nconnections was rewritten by Sister Nivedita
\nand named The Ideals of the East (1903). It
\nbore the stamp of Swami Vivekananda’s
\nideology on Asia. Okakura inspired P.
\nMitter and Saria Ghoshal to start
\nrevolutionary centres in Bengal. (Enc. Br.;
\nS.V.P.P., pp. 116-17; Purani)  14:227<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOkhay Kumar <\/b>See Dutt, Okhay Kumar<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOlaf Thorleikson <\/b>a character – once ruler of
\nNorway, father of Swegn and Aslaug – in Sri
\nAurobindo’s play Eric.  6:481, 484, 486, 504, 512. 515, 518. 527, 530-31, 533, 539, 541, 543, 547, 549, 552, 554-58<\/p>\n

\nOliver Twist the main character in the novel
\nOliver Twist (pub. 1837-38) by Charles Dic-
\nkens. He is a child of unknown parentage
\nborn in a workhouse and brought up under
\nthe cruel conditions to which pauper children
\nwere formerly exposed. The tyrant at whose
\nhands he especially suffers is Bumble, the
\nparish beadle. (Ox. Comp.) n 1: 421<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nOlympus<\/b> a mountain at the east end of the
\nrange forming the northern boundary of
\nThessaly’and Greece proper. It was regarded
\nas the home of the Greek gods, and hence
\nthe word is often used to mean heaven.
\n(M.I.) Der: Olympian  l: 143 3: 11, 149 5:377, 381, 394-95, 406, 413, 428.440, 448, 465, 468, 478, 492 6: 9, 22, 24, 30, 34, 39, 53, 55, 63, 91, 121, 179, 184, 198, 200, 357, 381, 392
\n7: 860 8: 181, 409 9: 129, 149-50, 303, 313, 317, 419 12: 474 13: 129 14: 215, 231 15: 219, 244, 456 16: 276, 292 27: 154, 202 29: 739
\nII: 26, 28, 77 XIV: 168<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOlynthian of Olynthus, an ancient city on
\nthe mainland of the peninsula of Chalcidice
\nin Greece. (Col. Enc.)  5: 14<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOmar in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers of
\nBassora, a companion of Nureddene. (A)
\n7:643.645<\/p>\n

\nOmar (Khayyam) (1048?-1122), celebrated
\nPersian poet, mathematician, and astrologer.
\nHe was called Khayyam (tent-maker) probably because of his father’s occupation. His
\nfame as a scientist has been eclipsed by the
\npopularity of his Rubaiyat, epigrammatic
\nverse quatrains which have been published in
\nliterally hundreds of editions. (Col. Enc.;
\nEnc. Br.)  26: 254 27′. 90 I: 25<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOnan native of On (in Greek, Heliopolis), an ancient city of northern Egypt, in the Nile
\ndelta, a few miles below Cairo. It was noted
\nas the centre of sun worship. (Col. Enc.)  7: 1088<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nO’Neill, Turlough Sir Turlough Luineach
\nO’Neill (1530-95), Earl of Clanconnell. He
\npledged loyalty to Queen Elizabeth but
\nwithout any apparent intention of supporting
\nthe government or abandoning the practices
\nof his predecessor in his leagues with the
\nScots and defiance of authority. (Enc. Am.)
\nl-l 1: 23<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOn Himself volume 26 of the Sri Aurobindo
\nBirth Centenary Library, n 27:509<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOn the Late Massacre in Piedmont a famous
\nsonnet by Milton. (A)
\na 9: 325<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOnward an English journal of 1934. (A)  26: 387<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOoty short and popular name of Ootaca-
\nmund (recently corrected to Udhagaman-
\ndalam), administrative headquarters of Nilgiri district in Tamil Nadu state. South
\nIndia. It is situated in the Nilgiri Hills at
\nabout 7, 500 ft. above sea level. Founded by
\nthe British in 1821, it was used as the official
\ngovernment summer headquarters for the
\nMadras Presidency until 1947. (Enc. Br.)
\nn IV: 197<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-233<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nOphelia<\/b> In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the young
\nand innocent daughter of Polonius. Obedient
\nto her father, she spurns Hamlet’s advances.
\nAfter POLONIUS’ death, she loses her mind.
\n(R. Enc.) D 1:179.207 3:272 X: 154<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrcades <\/b>Latin name of Orkney Islands.
\nSee Orkney. (C.O.D.) n 7:886<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrcus in Roman mythology, another name
\nfor Dis, the god of the underworld. In Ilion, the reference is to Hades. (M.I.) n 5:476<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOread(s) <\/b>in Greek mythology, nymph(s)
\nof mountains and hills who lived in caves
\nand on mountain tops. They were close to
\nArtemis, the huntress, with whom they
\nplayed and danced. (Col. Enc.) n 5:495, 543 7:786 27: 103-05<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrestes’<\/b> in Greek legend, prince of Myce-
\nnae. He was the only son of Clytemnes-
\ntra and Agamemnon. When Orestes was a
\nchild, his father was murdered by Clytem-
\nnestra and her lover Aegisthus, and the boy
\nwas sent away to a distant land. When, how-
\never, Orestes grew up, he returned and
\navenged the murder by killing his mother
\nand her lover, 8:409-10<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrestes2 <\/b>in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, a Trojan
\nwarrior known for his swiftness.
\n(M.I.)  5:458<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOridamas in Sri Aurobindo’s play Perseus
\nthe Deliverer, name of a Syrian soldier.
\n(A)  6:102<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe Orient Orient Illustrated Weekly of
\nCalcutta, started probably in 1936.
\n(Purani)  27:417<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nTheOrient(al) <\/b>See East, the<\/p>\n

\nThe Origins of Aryan Speech title of a book
\nSri Aurobindo proposed to write. He was
\nable to draft only two or three chapters. One
\nchapter, entitled "Introductory", is published
\nin Vol. 10 of SABCL. Another draft (which
\nseems to be an earlier version) is published
\nin Vol. 27. A few pages written by Sri
\nAurobindo in continuation of this draft, but
\nin another notebook, were discovered after-
\nwards and published in Sri Aurobindo:<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nArchives and Research, Vol. 2, No. 1 (April
\n1978). (A &R, III: 90)  10:548, 551
\n27:161, 163 111:58<\/p>\n

\nOrion a conspicuous constellation easily
\nrecognisable from the equator. It is represented pictorially as the<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nfigure of a warrior with a belt and a sword hanging from it. In Greek mythology,
\nOrion was a gigantic Boeotian hunter who, after his death,
\nbecame a constellation. (Col. Enc.)
\nn 5:112 12:475 27:262<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrion Originally written as an essay and
\nsubmitted to the Ninth Oriental Congress
\nheld in London in 1892, the Orion brought
\ninternational reputation to its author, Bal Gangadhar Tilak. After making
\nadditions and alterations suggested to him by further thought and discussion, Tilak brought it out
\nin book-form in 1893 under the title The
\nOrion or Researches into the Antiquity of the
\nVedas. It is a monument to his erudition, which acquired worldwide recognition in
\noriental research. (Karandikar, pp. 117-18)
\n0 17:349<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrissa a state of northern India. During
\nmost of the period of British rule, between 1765 and 1911, Orissa formed part of the
\nprovince of Bengal. In 1911, it was separated
\nfrom Bengal and joined with the province of
\nBihar, which itself was separated from
\nBengal at the same time. In 1936 Orissa
\nbecame a separate province, and in 1950, with the addition of former princely states, it
\nbecame the present state of Orissa. The land
\ncorresponding roughly with modern Orissa
\nbut at times much larger in area, passed
\nunder the names of Utkala, Kalinga, and
\nOdra Desa in ancient and medieval times.
\nThe last name gradually transformed into
\nUddisa, Udisa, which in English became Orissa. (Enc. Br., Macro., Vol. 13) Der:
\nOrissan; Oriyas (inhabitants of Orissa)  1: 645 3: 85 5: 254 14: 375 26: 409-10
\nVI: 141<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOriya northeastern Indo-Aryan language
\nspoken by about twenty million persons, mainly in the state of Orissa. It is one of the
\nregional languages recognized by the Indian
\nconstitution. It is closely related to Maithili, Assamese, and Bengali. Oriya’s literary style
\nborrows heavily from Sanskrit. (Enc. Br.)  VI: 140-41<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrkney <\/b>formerly an insular county of
\nnortheastern Scotland, consisting of Orkney
\nIslands or Orkneys, a group of more than
\n70 islands and islets (only about 20 of which
\nare inhabited). Since the administrative reorganisation of 1975, they form one of
\nthree Islands areas. (Col. Enc, ; Enc. Br.)  7:886<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrmuz or Hormuz, <\/b>an island off South Iran, in the Strait of Hormuz between the Persian
\nGulf and the Gulf of Oman. The town of
\nHormuz, originally built on the mainland, was moved to the island at the time of the
\ninvasion of Jenghiz Khan. When it was on
\nthe mainland it had an abundance of palm, indigo, grain, and spices, and by c. 1200 had
\nmonopolized trade with India and China.
\nThe New Hormuz, on the island, also
\ngradually superseded Qeys as the most
\nimportant Persian Gulf emporium, and
\nagain became a market for India and
\ndominated other Gulf islands. (Col. Enc.;
\nEnc.Br.) a 14:63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-234<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nOrmuzd<\/b> See Ahura Mazda<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nO’Roark<\/b> a character participating in "A
\nDialogue" (incomplete) which Sri Aurobindo
\nwrote sometime around 1891. (A & R, II)
\na II: 8<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrontes river formed in the valley of El Bika
\nin Lebabon. It flows through Syria and
\nTurkey into the Mediterranean. (Col.
\nEnc.) a 6:352<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrphean of ORPHEUS 0 5:405<\/p>\n

\nOrpheus in Greek mythology, celebrated
\nThracian bard. The music of his lyre
\ncharmed the wild beasts, the trees, and the
\nrocks. He married the nymph Eurydice. She
\nmet her death by a snake-bite while fleeing
\nthe advances ofAristaeus; and Orpheus, disconsolate, went to Hades in search of her.
\nThe gods of the underworld, charmed by his
\nmusic, restored his wife to him, but forbade
\nhim to look at her until he reached the
\nearth. He disobeyed, and Eurydice vanished.
\nWhen Orpheus returned to Thrace, his grief
\nled him to scorn all women. Orpheus is con- sidered the founder of Orphism. He is some-
\ntimes referred to as "inventor of music".
\n(Col. Enc.) a 3:95 10:439 27:153
\nXV: 20 XVI: 138<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrphic of Orpheus, or of Orphism, the
\ndoctrines or mysteries associated with his
\nname. Orphic mysteries were secret religious
\nrites in worship of Dionysus. (Col. Enc.)
\nn 7:1061 9:197 10:4-5, 25 11:4 16:339
\n29:777 XV: 20<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOrringham in Sri Aurobindo’s story "The
\nDoor at Abelard", a village two miles from STREADHEW. (A) a 7:1025, 1027, 1041<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOms in Sri Aurobindo’s epic Ilion, a Trojan
\nsenator and warrior. (M.I.) n 5:412, 461<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOsboume, Lloyd <\/b>(1868-1947), American
\nauthor. He wrote novels and stories, and
\ncollaborated with Stevenson in the writing of
\nThe Wrong Box, The Wrecker, and Ebb
\nTide. (Col. Enc.) n 3:184<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOscan(s) Italic tribe that first settled Pompeii
\nand Herculaneum in Campania (a region of
\nSouth Italy) (Enc.Br.) n 1:525 15:344<\/td>\n

\n

\nOssa a mountain of northeastern Thessaly in
\nGreece. The giants named the Aloidae tried
\nto pile Pe’lion on Ossa in order to reach
\nheaven(?). (Col. Enc.) a 9:150<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOssian controversy MACPHERSON produced two epics, Fingal (1762) and Tremor
\n(1763), purporting to be translations from the Gaelic of an Irish warrior-poet
\ncalled Ossian (Scottish Gaelic name for Oisin). They were much
\nadmired (by Goethe among others) for their
\nromantic spirit and rhythm, but their authen-
\nticity was challenged notably by Dr. Johnson.
\nThe epics infuriated Irish scholars because
\nthey mixed Fenian and Ulster legends indiscriminately and because Macpherson
\nclaimed the Irish heroes were Caledonians
\nand a glory to Scotland’s rather than Ireland’s
\npast. (Ox. Comp.;Enc. Br.) a 11:18<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOstende French form of Ostend, a city of
\nWest Flanders province in northern Belgium.
\nIt is a port and resort on the North Sea.
\n(Col. Enc.) a 7:1048<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOthello principal character – the Moor, in
\nthe service of Venice – in Shakespeare’s
\ntragedy Othello, The Moor of Venice.
\nOthello’s friend lago falsely accuses Othello’s
\nbride Desdemona of infidelity, and tricks
\nOthello into believing him. Othello murders
\nDesdemona, but when he learns that lago’s
\naccusation was false, he commits suicide.
\n(Shakes.) Der: Othellolike a 3: 302
\n12: 37, 39, 470, 481 26: 327 27: 207 I: 40<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOttoman Ottomans were the successors of
\nOsman I (1259-1326), the ruler of a Turkmen
\nprincipality in northwestern Anatolia, who is
\nregarded as the founder of the Ottoman
\nTurkish state. Both the name of the dynasty
\nand the empire are derived from the Arabic
\nform (‘Uthman) of his name. The Ottoman
\nEmpire disintegrated after World War I; its
\npossessions formed separate states, and its
\ncentre was reorganized as the republic of
\nTurkey. (Col. Enc.) o 2: 167, 169 15: 287, 417<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOudh (Avadha), the modern name of the
\nancient kingdom of Koshala, watered by the Sarju, a tributary of the Ganga. It is a region
\nto the northwest of Allahabad in Uttar
\nPradesh (formerly the United Provinces of
\nAgra and Oudh). (D.I.H.) a 27:42<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOuranos the Greek heaven, the sky. In
\nGreek religion, the sky-god was known as
\nUranus. See Uranus’. (A) a 10: 27, 106
\nXV: 44 XVII: 45<\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-235<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nOuspensky, <\/b>Peter Demianovitch (1878-1947), Russian philosopher, the most influential
\ndisciple of Gurdjieff and expounder of his
\ntheories. He broke away from Gurdjieff in
\n1924, and continued his work independent- ly. (Enc. Br.;Enc. Unex.) a 22:159, 459<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOvid Publius Ovidius Naso <\/b>(43 BC – AD 17), Roman poet whose work has had immense
\ninfluence both for its imaginative interpretation of the classical world and as
\nan example of supreme technical accomplishment.
\n(Enc. Br.) Der: Ovidian a 5: 342 7: 845, 860 26: 243 29: 789<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOxford (Dictionary) The Oxford English
\nDictionary, consisting of 12 volumes plus
\na supplement. Published in 1933, the dictionary is a corrected and updated revision
\nof A New English Dictionary on Historical
\nPrinciples, which was published in 10
\nvolumes from 1884 to 1928. The Concise
\nOxford (Dictionary) was adapted by H. W.
\nFowler and F. G. Fowler. (Enc. Br.)
\nn 26:313, 319-26<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOxford Street a street in London. The
\nBayswater Road, running along the Hyde
\nPark on the north, is continued as Oxford
\nStreet beyond its crossing with Park Lane.
\n(Pears) n 7: 1017<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOxford (University) one of the two ancient
\nuniversities of England, located in Oxford.
\nLike Cambridge it had its beginnings in the
\nearly 12th century. In the early 1970s the
\nenrolment in its various constituent colleges
\nwas about 11, 000. (Col. Enc.) n 3:130, 132, 184 12:53 XIV:163<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOxus the modern Amu Darya, a river in
\ncentral and eastern Asia, flowing from the Pamir Plateau to the Aral Sea. The poet
\nreferred to in the phrase "the Oxus of the
\npoet" (VIII: 186) is Matthew Arnold who
\nuses the river as an image in his poem
\nSohrab and Rustam. (M.I.) n 5:412, 418, 461 6: 380 VIII: 186<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nOyomei<\/b> (1472-1529), name in Japanese of the Chinese scholar-official
\nwhose idealistic interpretation of Nee-Confucianism influenced philosophical thinking in East Asia
\nfor centuries. (Enc. Br.) 1-1 1: 67<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nP<\/p>\n

<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nP in Record of Yoga, used mostly for Parthasarathi.<\/p>\n

\nPabna administrative headquarters of Pabna
\ndistrict in Rajshahi division of Bengal, now
\nin Bangladesh. Pabna is an industrial centre. (Enc. Br.) n 1:357, 369-70, 437,<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\n452-53, 478, 698, 702, 726, 733-34, 747-48, 754-55, 809, 825, 840, 850, 896 2: 176, 186-89, 191, 196-97:200, 315-16, 321 4:175, 247 XIV: 101<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPadachinha in Bankim Chandra’s novel
\nAnanda Math, name of a village of Bengal.
\n(A) D 8: 318-19, 333, 347<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPadma main channel of the Ganga below its
\nbifurcation into Bhagirathi and Padma Rivers
\nin Rajshahi division, Bangladesh. After receiving the Brahmaputra River near Rajbari, the Padma continues southeastward to join
\nthe Meghna River through a channel two
\nmiles wide. The combined streams continue
\nsouth to the Bay of Bengal as the Meghna.
\nThe Padma is navigable for its entire 190-
\nmile course by river’streamers. (Enc. Br.)
\nD XIX: 21<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPadmanabha <\/b>(1878-1970), South Indian
\nstatesman, social reformer, and gallant
\nfighter for the masses. (Enc. Ind.)
\n0 1:745, 752<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPadma Purana <\/b>one of the eighteen major Puranas, generally ranked second on the list.
\nThe tone of the whole Purana is strongly
\nVaishnava. It contains an account of the
\nperiod when the world was a golden lotus
\n"padma", and of all the occurrences of that
\ntime. It has about 55, 000 stanzas. (Dow.)
\n0 3:312<\/p>\n

\nPahlavas name of a people, the Parthians
\nor Persians. (M.W.) a XVIII: 138<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPaisachi one of the Prakrit languages, known through grammarians’ statements.
\n(Enc. Br.) n 14:186<\/p>\n

\nPakistan The Muslim state created by the
\nBritish Government in August 1947 to
\nappease the Muslims agitating under the
\nleadership of M. A. Jinnah, splitting India on the basis of the two-nation
\ntheory. Pakistan, an Islamic theocratic state, originally comprised North West
\nFrontier Province, Baluchistan, Sind, West Punjab, and separated from these by more than a thousand
\nmiles of Indian territory – East Bengal (later
\ncalled East Pakistan). In 1971 East Pakistan
\nrevolted and became independent with
\nIndian armed assistance, and renamed itself
\nBangladesh. (D.I.H.) n 26:172, 409<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPal<\/b> a character – representing Bipin
\nChandra Pal – in "The Slaying of Congress", a tragedy published in Bande Mataram
\n(February 1908). n 1:673-74.679-80<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPal, Banamali a pleader in the French
\nCourt of Chandernagore, through whom Sri
\nAurobindo communicated with Motilal
\nRoy. Var: Banomali Pal a 27:426, 444<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-236<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPal, Bepin (Chandra) <\/b>(1858-1932), a national
\nleader, considered by Sri Aurobindo at one
\ntime to be "the best and most original political thinker in the country, an excellent
\nwriter and magnificent orator" (26: 29). He
\nwas one of the prominent leaders of the new
\nnationalist movement in Bengal, belonging to
\nthe militant extremist section of the Congress
\nand working in cooperation with Tilak, Lajpat Rai, and Sri Aurobindo. He took a
\nleading part in organising the movement
\nagainst the partition of Bengal in 1905, and
\npopularized the concepts of "Swadeshi" and
\n"Swaraj". For refusing to give evidence in
\nthe prosecution of Bande Mataram, he was
\nsentenced to six months’ imprisonment
\n(11 September 1907). Bepin Pal was also a
\njournalist, and editor of The Independent.
\n(A;Enc. Br.;Purani; N.S.I.) a 1:81, 150, 163, 167, 169, 177-78, 195, 210, 217, 303, 324, 329, 333-34, 336, 338, 352, 408, 492, 500, 505, 529-31, 542, 556, 580, 587, 609, 616, 628, 634, 656, 660, 715, 724-26, 740, 742, 744, 749-51, 770, 772.787, 795-96, 813, 816, 819-21, 823, 828, 837, 847, 855
\n2: 2, 22, 77, 120-21, 224, 233, 235-36, 239, 314, 371 4:63, 178, 204-05, 261, 300-01 17:364
\n26:16, 27-29, 40, 42-43, 46, 56, 59 27: pre., 39, 54, 437, 461 II: 3 VIII: 125<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPal, Kristo Das <\/b>(1838-84), Bengali journalist, editor of the Hindu Patriot. In politics he
\nwas a loyalist but he championed the cause
\nof the progressive realisation of self-
\ngovernment. He was made a Rai Bahadur
\nin 1887 and a C.I.E. the following year.
\n(D.N.B.)  3:80, 99-100<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPal, (Rai Bahadur) <\/b>Srinath a Moderate
\nleader who addressed the Bengal Provincial
\nConference of the Congress held at Ber-
\nhampur in March 1907. (A) Var: Rai
\nSrinath Pal Bahadur  1:236, 244, 255<\/p>\n

\nPaladin any of the Twelve Peers of
\nCharlemagne’s court, of whom Count
\nPalatine was the chief; knight-errant.
\n(C.O.D.) 5:183<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPalancotta now spelled Palayamkottai, a
\ntown near Tirunelveli (modern name of
\nTinnevelly) in Tamil Nadu state (formerly in
\nMadras province). (S.Atlas) n 1:793<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPalestine name of a territory on the eastern
\nMediterranean coast, occupied in biblical
\ntimes by the kingdoms of Israel and Judah
\nand, in the 20th century, the scene of conflicting claims between Jewish and Arab
\nnational movements. Also called the Holy
\nLand, it is sacred in varying degrees to
\nJudaism, Christianity, and Islam. Palestine’s
\nfrontiers have fluctuated widely throughout
\nhistory. In the Bible, Palestine is called
\nCANAAN before the invasion of Joshua.
\n(Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)
\nD 1:605 14:402 15:646<\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nPali sacred language of the Theravada
\nBuddhist canon, a Middle Indo-Aryan
\nlanguage of North Indian origin. Pali seems
\nclosely related to the Old Indo-Aryan Vedic
\nand Sanskrit but is apparently not directly
\ndescended from either of these. (Enc. Br.)
\na 14:186, 256, 294, 315<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPalit, <\/b>T. Sir Taraknath Palit (1831-1914), a
\nhighly successful barrister of Calcutta who
\nmade munificent donations for the spread of
\nthe knowledge of science and for national
\neducation. He took the initiative in founding
\na Technical Institute in Calcutta. After some
\ntime, however, he was disappointed by its performance and withdrew his
\npatronage. In the political field, Palit was a leader of the
\nModerate group. (D.N.B.; B.P.P., p. 59)  1:156 2:337<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPallachus in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, an aged
\nTrojan senator. (M.I.)  5:412<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPalladian of PALLADIUM.  5:512<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPalladium in Greek and Roman religion, an
\nancient sacred image of Pallas Athene which
\nwas the guardian of a city. The Palladium of
\nTroy is especially famous. It was sent down
\nfrom heaven by Zeus to Dardanus or to his
\ndescendant, Ilus (the founder of Troy). In
\nGreek legend Diomedes and Odysseus stole
\nor carried it off, thus making possible the
\nsack of Troy. In Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, however, the statue is shattered by dark
\ngods, Themis, Dis, and Ananke in order to
\nfulfil the will of Zeus. (Col. Enc.; M.I.)  5:399<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPallas <\/b>(Athene) in Greek mythology, Pallas
\nis a name or title of Athene, of uncertain
\nmeaning and origin. Pallas Athene is also a
\ncharacter in Sri Aurobindo’s play Perseus the
\nDeliverer. (Col. Enc.)  [Indexed with Athene]<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPallava(s) <\/b>Indian dynasty of kings who ruled
\nfrom the early 4th century to the late 9th
\ncentury over the region covered by the
\nmodern districts of North and South Arcot, Madras, Tiruchchirappalli and Thanjavur, and at times even beyond. The earliest
\nPallava kings were great builders. They
\nfounded the town of Mahabalipuram, cut
\nwonderful buildings out of living rock and
\nbuilt temples with remarkable relief
\nsculptures. In about 880 the Pallava
\ndominion passed under the rule of Chola
\nkings. (D.I.H.;Enc.Br.) 13:39 14:235, 237 15:264 17:278, 300<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-237<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPalleas<\/b> a character – a forester – in
\nSri Aurobindo’s play The Witch ofllni.
\n0 7:1057, 1072<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPalli Samaj or Palli Samiti<\/b>. a village society
\nor association. Regarded as "the seed of
\nSwaraj", such societies were organised in
\n1905 as part of the Swadeshi or Swaraj
\nmovement. (A) a 1:733, 884<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPamela or Virtue Rewarded, Richardson’s
\nfirst novel (1740), epistolary in form. Pamela
\nwas recommended even from pulpits and was
\ndramatised several times. (Enc. Br.)
\na 9:480<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPan in Greek religion, pastoral god of
\nfertility. He was worshipped principally in
\nArcadia. All his myths deal with amorous
\naffairs. In a famous myth he pursued the
\nnymph Syrinx, but before she was overtaken
\nher sister nymphs changed her into a reed.
\nThus Pan plays the reed, or syrinx, in
\nmemory of her. (Col. Enc.)  5:20, 33<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPancanada<\/b> See Punjab<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPanchadasi<\/b> a well-known book in Sanskrit
\nverse on Vedanta by the sage Vidyaranya.
\n(M.W.) D 26:113<\/p>\n

\nPanchajanya (Pancaj any a), name of Sri
\nKrishna’s conch, formed from the shell of
\nthe sea-demon Pancaj ana. The demon, who
\nlived in a conch-shell, seized the son of
\nSandipani, under whom Sri Krishna had
\nlearnt the use of arms. Krishna rescued the
\nboy, killed the demon, and afterwards used
\nthe conch-shell as a horn. (Dow.)
\na 4:76, 82 8:77<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPanchala <\/b>name of an ancient country which
\nhas sometimes been identified with the Pun-
\njab, and with a little territory in the more
\nimmediate neighbourhood of Hastinapur. Its
\npeople were known as Pancalas. (Dow.;
\nM.N.) Der: Panchals; Panchalas  3:143, 162, 189-91, 193, 195-96, 203, 205, 207 4: 83, 93, 95 8:41, 59 27:79 IV: 115 VI: 156 VII: 52<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPanchali Sapatham the title (literally
\nmeaning "Draupadi’s Vow") of a Tamil
\npoem by Subramania Bharati. It is written in
\nepic style and in a simple form intelligible to
\nthe common man. The narrative, taken from
\nthe Mahabharata, is divided into two parts:
\nthe first comprising two cantos of 204 verses;<\/p>\n

the second, three cantos of 104 verses. The
\nfirst part was published from Pondicherry in
\n1912, and it is evidently to this publication
\nthat Sri Aurobindo refers in the "Record of
\nYoga"., n XXI: 51<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nPanchatantra a collection of Indian animal
\nfables which, translated into several
\nlanguages, has had extensive circulation
\nthroughout the world. The original Sanskrit
\ntext, now lost, may have been written at any
\ntime between 100 BC and AD 500. It was a
\nmixture of prose and stanzas of verse. The
\nintroduction attributes the stories to Visnu-
\nsarman, who used the form of animal fables
\nto instruct the three sons of a king. The
\nHitopadesa ("Good Advice"), composed by
\nNarayana in the 12th century, appears to be
\nan independent treatment of the Pancha-
\ntantra material. (Enc. Br.) n 3:314, 318
\n4: 252 14:256, 306<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPandava(s) in the Mahabharata, the five sons
\nof Pandu – Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva, who were victorious
\nin the great epic war with their cousins, the
\nKauravas. (Enc. Br.) Var: Pandav(s)  3:143, 161, 169, 178, 191-92, 195, 197, 200-01, 203-04, 208, 354 4:67-68, 75, 82-85, 93-94, 97
\n8:27-28, 30-31, 50-51, 53, 57, 60, 77-78 13:151, 161, 166, 350 26:396-97 27:80, 83 IV: 116
\nVII: 51<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPandemian of Pandemos, "goddess of all the
\npeople", an epithet of Aphrodite originally
\nalluding to her role in marriage and family
\nlife, later used to distinguish her aspect of
\nsensual lust from the higher love represented
\nby Aphrodite Urania (see Uranian). (M.I.)  5:500<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPandharpur religious and administrative
\ntown in Sholapur district of Maharashtra
\nstate, on the Bhima River, west of Sholapur
\ntown. (Enc. Br.) D 1:1<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPand(o)u in the Mahabharata, brother of
\nKing Dhritarashtra of Hastinapur and father
\nofthePandavas. (Dow.)  3:151-52, 169, 190, 208 4:76-77 8:51, 59-60, 77, 90, 93
\nIV: 115<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPandurang Antoba one of the persons of
\nNasik who welcomed Sri Aurobindo with
\npansupdriat his house on 24 January 1908.
\n(A) D 1:1<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPandya(s) Pandya, Chola, and Chera were
\nthree kingdoms in the south of the Indian
\npeninsula for some centuries before and after
\nthe Christian era. Pandya was a Tamil
\ndynasty of the extreme south. Whether
\nindependent or tributary, seventeen rajahs
\nare known to have ruled the country from
\n1100 to 1567. The capital of Pandya was
\nMadurai. Pandya seems to have fallen under
\nthe ascendancy of Chola kings in the 7th or
\n8th century\/The people of the country were
\nknown as Pandyas. (Dow.; Enc. Br.)
\nDer: Pandyan a 8: 40 15: 264 17: 372-73<\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-238<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPani <\/b>See Pani(s)<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPanini (fl. 6th or 5th cent. BC), celebrated
\nSanskrit grammarian, author of the work
\ncalled Pdniniyam or Astddhydyi, the oldest
\nknown grammar of Sanskrit and perhaps the
\noldest extant grammar in the world. In olden
\ntimes he was placed among the Rishis. He is
\nsaid to have received a large portion of his
\nwork by direct inspiration from the god
\nShiva. (Dow.; Enc. Br.)  3: 199 10: 191<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPanipat a town in Kamal district of Punjab
\n(now in Haryana state), 56 miles north of
\nDelhi. It has been the scene of three
\nsuccessive battles (in 1526, 1556 and 1761), each of which profoundly influenced the
\ncourse of Indian history. (Col. Enc.; Enc.
\nBr.)  1:633 26:353<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPani(s) in the Veda, the lords of the lower
\nsense mentality. They steal from us the rays
\nof the illumined consciousness, the brilliant
\nherds of the sun and pen them up in the
\ncaverns of the subconscient in the dense hill
\nof matter. They are set in opposition to the
\nAryan gods and Aryan seers and workers.
\n(V.G.;Dow.)  10:26, 44, 99-100, 104, 119-20, 122, 134-37, 139-41, 147-48, 150-51, 155, 160-61, 164, 166, 169, 172-74, 176, 182-83, 185, 187, 190, 194, 199, 203-04, 207, 209-10, 212, 215-34, 236-37, 250, 297, 346, 431, 433-34, 450, 493 11:9-10, 13, 17, 27, 29, 467 22:361, 364
\n27: 191 VII: 39 IX: 7 XV: 27, 49 XVI: 144, 152 XVII: 44-45, 56, 58<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPanjab<\/b> See Punjab<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPannyre aux talons d’or a famous poem by
\nthe French poet Albert Samain. (A)  26: 341<\/p>\n

\nPansies a poem by D. H. Lawrence.  9: 539<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPantheos (in Greek, pan = all; theos =
\nGod); the Godhead as cosmic spirit. (A)
\n16: 156 18: 352, 441 19: 770<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPanti’s Math formerly an open field
\n("matha" in Bengali) in Cornwallis Street, Calcutta, opposite the Brahmo Samaj and
\nnear the Academy Club. The club and the
\nfield were a meeting-place of leading writers, politicians, lawyers and others. Later, the
\nhostel for students of the Metropolitan or
\nVidyasagar College was erected on Panti’s
\nMath. (B.P.P., p. 48) n l: 850 4: 206<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPaphia <\/b> in Greek mythology, an epithet ofAphrodite, who had a sanctuary at PAPHOS.
\n(M.I.)  5: 499<\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nPaphian marriage marriage like that of
\nPaphia (i.e. Aphrodite). Aphrodite was the
\nwife of Hephaestus, but she loved Ares to
\nwhom she bore Eros and Anteros. She also
\ngave her favours to Anchises. (Col. Enc.)
\na 7: 1078<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPaphlagon Paphlagonia, an ancient
\nmountainous territory of northern Asia
\nMinor, between Bithynia and Pontus on the
\nBlack Sea coast. It was not a political unit.
\nIn the Trojan War the Paphlagonians were
\nallies of Troy. (Col. Enc.; M.I.)  5:418<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPaphos There were two ancient cities of this
\nname in southwestern Cyprus, on the sea
\ncoast: Old Paphos which was probably
\nfounded by the Phoenicians and was the
\ncentre of the worship of Astarte or Aphro-
\ndite (ruins of her temple have been found);
\nand New Paphos, now Baffo, which lay ten
\nmiles to the northwest (it was the capital of
\nthe island in Roman times). The reference in
\nllion is to Old Paphos. (Col. Enc.)  5: 499, 501<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParacelsus Philippus Aureolus Paracelsus
\n(real name: Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus
\nBombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541), Swiss physician, alchemist, and chemist. He
\nestablished the role of chemistry in medicine, and was the author of numerous medical and
\noccult works. (Enc. Br.)  3: 464 27: 181
\nXVII: 11 XVIII: 154<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParadise Lost Milton’s masterpiece and the
\nlast great literary epic, published in 1667. Its
\ntheme is the Fall of man. A blank-verse
\npoem in twelve books, it closely follows the
\nconventions of the classical epic. It is notable
\nfor its characterization of the fallen archangel
\nLucifer, who dominates the work. (Col.
\nEnc.; Enc. Br.)  3:226, 293 4:284
\n9: 83-85, 347 26: 245, 258-60, 277 29: 791, 797-98 X: 143<\/p>\n

\nParadise Regained blank-verse poem in four
\nbooks, by Milton, published in 1671. It is a
\nsequel to his epic Paradise Lost, and deals
\nwith the temptation of Christ in the desert by
\nSatan. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) a 9:85, 474
\n26: 277<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParameshthi "who stands in the highest
\nplace", an epithet of Brahma; this title can
\nbe applied to any superior god. (A)
\n0 12: 415-16<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParanjape, Prof. S. M. Shivaram Mahadeo
\nParanjape (1864-1929), scholar, author, orator, journalist, and above all, eminent
\npolitical thinker and propagandist, both
\nunder Tilak and Gandhi. He started and
\nconducted two weeklies, Kal (Marathi) and
\nSwarajya.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-239<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nHe was Professor of Sanskrit at Maharashtra College, Poona, in 1896-97.
\n(D.N.B.-III: 311)  27: 62<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParasara1<\/b> (fl. 13th or 14th cent. BC), Hindu
\nsage, father of Vyasa and author of a Smriti
\nknown as Parasara Dharma-samhitd. He also
\nwrote eight other books on various branches
\nof knowledge. (Apte; B.P.C.)  2:404
\n3: 120 14: 166 VIII: 187<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParasara2<\/b> in Record of Yoga, used as variant
\nof Parashara (Shaktya). See next entry.<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParashara (Shaktya) a Vedic Rishi, son of
\nthe Rishi Sakti; author of Suktas 65 to 73, Mandala 1, and verses 31 to 44ofSukta 97, Mandala 9 of Rig-veda. Var: Parasara (in
\n"Record of Yoga")  10:191-93, 195, 198, 210-11 11: 13, 51 XXI: 23<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParas(h)urama<\/b> (Rama of the Axe), the "first
\nRama" and the sixth incarnation of Vishnu;<\/p>\n

\n"the violent man" and destroyer of
\nKshatriyas. He was the son of the Brahmin
\nsage Jamadagni, and is said to have cleared
\nthe earth of Kshatriyas twenty-one times and
\ngiven it to the Brahmins. His story is told in
\nthe Mahabharata and the Puranas. He also
\nappears in the Ramayana, but chiefly as an
\nopponent ofRamachandra, whose true
\nidentity (the "second Rama" and the seventh
\nincarnation of Vishnu) he did not at first
\nknow. (Dow.) Var: Purshurama; Rama
\nn 3: 190 8: 39-40 13: 157, 161 27: 152
\nVI: 156<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPariah a generic term applied by Westerners
\nto the low-caste groups of Hindu India. The
\nterm once referred to the Paraiyan (literally
\nand perhaps originally drummers, beating on
\nskin drums and therefore unclean), a Tamil
\ncaste group of labourers and village servants
\nof low status, but the meaning was extended
\nto embrace many groups with widely varying
\ndegrees of status outside the so-called clean
\ncaste groups. (Enc. Br.; C.O.D.) n 1:66, 537 8: 92 13: 321<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParichaya famous Bengali monthly journal
\nof a high literary standard, edited by Pra-
\nmatha Chowdhuri. It was started about 1920.
\nRabindranath Tagore, Sudhindranath Datta
\nand many other distinguished writers were
\nconnected with this journal and contributed
\nto it. 0 9: 441<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParikshit in the Mahabharata, son of
\nAbhimanyu and Uttara. He was grandson of
\nArjuna and father of Janamejaya. When
\nYudhishthira retired, Parikshit succeeded
\nhim as king of Hastinapur.<\/td>\n

\n

\nHe died of snak’e-bite as a result of a curse. (Dow.)  4:99 6:205, 227, 257, 277 22:425 26:397<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParinaca<\/b> a character – an attendant in
\nVuthsa Udayan’s palace – in Sri Aurobindo’s
\nplay Vasavadutta.  6:207, 219-20<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParis’<\/b> also known as Alexander, in Greek
\nlegend, a Trojan prince, son of Priam and
\nHecuba, reputed to be the handsomest of
\nmortal men. Hera, Athene, and Aphrodite
\nchose him as judge in their dispute over the
\nApple of Discord, inscribed "for the fairest".
\nAthene offered him victory in war, Hera
\nroyal power, and Aphrodite promised Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world. Paris
\nchose Aphrodite, and then, on her advice, he travelled to Sparta, met Helen, and
\ncarried her off. This caused the Trojan War
\nin which Paris killed Achilles and was him-
\nself mortally wounded by Philoctetes.
\n(Col. Enc.) a 5: 400, 402, 416-17, 420, 423, 427, 432-36, 448-50, 452-53, 455, 458-60, 467, 478, 480, 483, 488-89, 493, 501, 504.513, 595 7: 825, 876 9: 482 10: 26 VI: 134-35 XVII: 44<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParis2<\/b> capital and dominant city of France, situated on the banks of the River Seine.
\n(Enc.Br.) Der: Parisian a 1:30, 32, 37, 349 2: 342, 371, 385 3: 454-55, 458-60
\n5: 120 14: 9, 64 15: 88, 265, 611 17: 403
\n19:762 25:360, 372 26:419 27:115, 466, 471 V:94 VI:199<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParjanya I.<\/b> a Vedic deity, giver of the rain
\nof heaven, or rain personified. Three hymns
\nin the Rig-veda are addressed to this deity.
\nHe is the protector of the sign Jar (Aquarius)
\nof the Zodiac. 2. one of the Adityas.
\n(Dow.; A) a 10:4 11:32
\n17: 257 V: 24<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParmanand better known as Bhai
\nParmanand (1874-1947), the Arya Samaj
\nteacher who was dismissed by the D.A.V.
\nCollege (Lahore) authorities in 1910 when
\nthe case against him for possessing in-
\ncriminating documents was finally decided
\nand he was bound over for three years. In
\n1915, in the Lahore Conspiracy Case, he was
\ncondemned to death, but the Viceroy was
\napproached and he reduced the sentence to
\ntransportation for life. Later Bhai Parma-
\nnand became a prominent worker of the
\nHindu Mahasabha of Punjab, and was
\nelected itspresidentinl933. (D.N.B.;
\nP.T.I. ;R.O.H.) a 2:363 4:247<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParnassus a mountain in southwestern
\nPhocis (Greece), anciently sacred to Apollo,
\nDionysus, and the Muses. Its modern name
\nis Liakura or Liakoura. (Col. Enc.)
\nD 5: 28 9: 484<\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-240<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nParnassians a group of 19th-century French
\npoets headed by Leconte de Lisle, who in
\nreaction against the emotional and verbal
\nimprecision of the Romantics, stressed’
\nrestraint, objectivity, technical perfection, and precise description. The Parnassians
\nderived their name from the anthology to
\nwhich they contributed, Le Parnasse
\nContemporain (1866). (Enc. Br.)  9: 96<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPamell,<\/b> Charles Stewart (1846-91), Irish
\nnationalist leader who excelled in uniting
\ndifferent elements of Irish patriots. He
\nencouraged boycott as a means of bringing
\npressure on landlords and land agents.
\nParnell was arrested and put in prison; from
\nthere he issued a no-rent manifesto, the
\npopularity of which caused him to be
\nreferred to as the "uncrowned king of
\nIreland". After his death in 1891 Sri
\nAurobindo wrote a poem on him. (Col.
\nEnc.) Der: Pamellism; Pamellite 1: 97, 367-68, 501, 637 2:394 4: pre. 5:15 26:17<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLes Paroles etemelles "Collections of the
\ncentral sayings of great sages of all times by
\nPaul Richard" (27: 456). He compiled them
\nwith the collaboration of his younger brother
\nat Paris in 1912-13. Their publication was
\nstarted at Pondicherry in a series in the
\nFrench edition ofArya. But with the closing
\ndown of this edition after its seventh issue in
\nFebruary 1915, the publication of the series
\nalso abruptly came to an end. Only the
\nIntroduction and part of Book I were
\nprinted. An English translation of the
\n"Paroles", however, kept coming out
\nregularly in the English edition ofArya up
\nto its last issue of January 1921, under the
\ntitle THE ETERNAL WISDOM. This too
\nremained incomplete. (E.W.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov.l913-0ct. ’27]<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParr, Dr. an unknown person, apparently
\nqualified in some utilitarian art or subject
\nlike cooking, dressing, engineering, schoolmastery, etc. (A) 1-1 14: 66<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParsi(s) a religious community of India, practising Zoroastrianism. They are descen-
\ndants of Zoroastrians who fled Persia and
\ntook shelter in India in the 7th century to
\navoid persecution by Muslims (Arabs). The
\ncommunity is closely united and is one of the
\nmost educated groups of India. (Enc. Br.)
\nVar: Parsees a 1:189, 210-11, 218, 755
\n2: 245, 385 3: 123 27: 40 VIII: 190 XVI: 166<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParsvanath Hill Parsvanatha Hill (4, 479 ft.), in Bihar state, named after the 23rd
\nTirthankar, or saint, of<\/p>\n

\nthe Jain religion, who died on this hill.<\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nIt is perhaps the most
\nancient of Jain sacred shrines. (Enc. Ind.)
\na VIII: 134<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPartha in the Mahabharata, "son of Prtha or
\nKunti", a title applicable to the three elder
\nPandavas but especially used for Arjun.
\n(Dow.) a [Indexed with Arjun(a)]<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParthasarathi S. Parthasarathi Aiyangar
\n(1880-1929), younger brother of Mandayam
\nS. Srinivasachariyar (see Srinivasa), and an
\nassociate of Sri Aurobindo in Pondicherry. It
\nis said that he met Sri Aurobindo in Calcutta
\nin 1909 or 1910 and suggested to him to
\ncome to Pondicherry. Parthasarathi was an
\nadvocate of Madras; he received his earlier
\neducation in Pondicherry. An ardent con-
\ntributor, like his two elder brothers, to the
\nrevolutionary struggle for the liberation of
\nhis motherland, Parthasarathi was a great
\nadmirer of the ancient Indian spiritual
\nculture. In his "Record of Yoga" Sri
\nAurobindo referred to him as "P", and in
\none of his letters to "M" (27: 433) as "P.S.", also possibly as "Psalmodist" in another
\nletter (27:439). (B. Gita) a 27:426, 433, 454 (Sarathi) XX: 147 XXI: 56 XXII: 157<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParthenon a temple dedicated to the goddess
\nAthene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It is the
\nculminating masterpiece of Greek architecture, built between 447 and 432 BC under
\nthe rule of Pericles. (Col. Enc.)  5:484 9:192, 381 14: 213<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParthia an ancient country of western Asia, southeast of the Caspian Sea, corresponding
\nroughly to the modern region of Khorasan in
\nIran. In 250 BC the Parthians freed them-
\nselves from the rule of the Seleucidae and
\nfounded the Parthian empire. At its height, in the 1st century BC, this empire extended
\nfrom the Euphrates across Afghanistan to
\nthe Indus and from the Oxus to the Indian
\nOcean. (Col. Enc.) Der: Parthian 6: 64, 333, 338, 340-41, 343. 347, 353-54, 356, 362-63, 365, 368, 372-73, 376-78, 380-82, 386-89, 392, 396, 399-401, 407-08, 430, 432, 436-37, 440-41, 443, 445, 448, 451, 456, 469 8:61
\n14: 367, 376<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParuchchhepa Daivodasi a Vedic Rishi, descendant of Divodasa, to whom a series
\nof hymns in the Rig-veda is attributed.
\n(V. Index) Var: Puruchchhepa Daivodasi
\na 10: 148 11: 71<\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nParushni (Parusni), in the Veda, name of a river that has a multitude of currents;<\/font><\/p>\n

according to Yaska it is the river later called
\nthe Ravi (Iravati). (A; V. Index)
\nD 10:542 11:365<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-241<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nParvati<\/b> in Hindu religion, daughter of
\nHimavan (Himalaya) and consort of the god
\nShiva. The couple had two sons, the elephant-
\nheaded Ganesa and the six-headed Skanda.
\nParvati is the benevolent aspect of the
\ngoddess Sakti. The other names of Parvati
\nthat occur in Sri Aurobindo’s writings are:<\/font><\/p>\n

Gauri, Haimavati, and Uma. (Dow.)
\na 3:226-27, 231, 271, 308-09, 311, 313, 315, 319 8: 44, 107, 119, 386 12: 150 17: 271-72
\n20: 481 22: 389, 391 25:74 26:307
\nIV: 174 XX: 137<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPascal, <\/b> Blaise (1623-62), French mathema-
\ntician, physicist, religious philosopher, and
\nwriter. He was the founder of the modem
\ntheory of probabilities. His ideas on religion
\ninfluenced Rousseau, Bergson and the
\nExistentialists. (Enc. Br.) n 15:126<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPasha, Boutros<\/b> See<\/i> Boutros Pasha<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPasha, Mahmud Shevket<\/b> See<\/i> Mahmud
\nShevket Pasha<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPasha, Mustafa Kamil<\/b> See Mustafa Kamil
\n(Pasha)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPashavi<\/b> See under<\/i> Pashu<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPashu the lowest of the ten forms of
\nconsciousness in the evolutionary scale of
\nman. In this stage mind is concentrated
\nentirely on the Annam or matter. (A)
\nDer: Pashavi D VI: 183-84, 186, 189-93
\nXIV: 149<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPas(h)upati<\/b> "Lord of Wild Life" (3:245);<\/font><\/p>\n

the lord of the animal (in man); a name of
\nthe Hindu god Shiva. (A) a 3:245 10:<\/font><\/p>\n

336 17:378 27:105<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPasithea<\/b> a character – a Syrian woman – in
\nSri Aurobindo’s play Perseus the Deliverer.
\n<\/i>D 6: 3, 115-16, 124-25, 139-40<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPassage to India<\/i> the last long poem of
\nWhitman which appeared in the 1871 edition
\nof Leaves of Grass.<\/i> Part of the poem was
\nfirst published in 1868 in the Atlantic
\nMonthly.<\/i> (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.) a 9:181<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe Passions, an Ode for Music<\/i> one of the
\nodes of Collins, published in his collection
\nOdes<\/i> in 1747. (Ox. Comp.) a n: 14<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPastorals<\/i> the Pastorals of<\/i> Pope, poems
\nwhich, according to the author, were written when he was <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nsixteen and published in 1709.
\nThey show his precocious metrical skill. (Ox.
\nComp.) D I: 12<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPasupati<\/b> See<\/i> Pas(h)upati<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPatala<\/b> in Hindu mythology, name applied to the infernal regions, especially to the
\nnethermost of the seven infernal regions, in
\nwhich Vasuki rules over the chief Nagas or
\nsnake-gods; "the grey under-world and
\nkingdom of serpents" (27:159); "the
\nsubconscient below the earth" (23:970).
\n(Dow.; A) 0 3:176 4:219, 365 5:249, 258, 325 10: 336 12:466-68 22: 361-62 23:970
\n26: 271 27: 159, 326 I: 21 II: 78-80 XIX: 53 <\/b> XX: 129 XXI: 14<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPatanjali <\/b>(fl. 2nd cent. BC or 5th cent. AD), traditional author (or one of the authors) Of
\ntwo great Hindu classics: the Yogasutras, <\/i> a
\ncategorization of Yogic thought arranged in
\nfour volumes; and the Mahabhasya, <\/i> which is
\nboth a defence of the grammarian Panini
\nagainst his chief critic and detractor Katya-
\nyana and a refutation of some of Panini’s
\naphorisms. The Yogasutras<\/i> seems to span
\nseveral centuries, the first three volumes
\napparently written in the 2nd century BC
\nand the last volume in the 5th century AD.
\nAuthorities therefore tend to credit more
\nthan one author writing under the name
\nPatanjali, although there is a wide variance
\nin opinion. The possibility that many men
\nused the name is given strength by the fact
\nthat it was used by the authors of a number
\nof other works on such diverse subjects as
\nmedicine, prosody, music, and alchemy. The
\nname itself is obviously a pseudonym. (Enc.
\nBr.) a 3: 406-09, 450 11: 455 13: 5, 63
\n19: 879 20: 50, 473 21: 826 22: 104, 143
\n23: 735 24: 1236 26: 113 27: 371 VIII: 171, 183 XVII: 10, 12 XVIII: 163<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPatel<\/b> Vithalbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (1873-
\n1933), a pleader of Bombay and a nationalist
\nleader. He was elected to the Bombay
\nAssembly in 1912 and to the Imperial
\nAssembly (Council) in 1917. He joined
\nMahatma Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation
\nMovement in 1920 and was arrested several
\ntimes. He died in exile in Switzerland.
\n(Enc. Ind.) a XVI: 190<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPater, <\/b> Walter Horatio (1839-94), English
\ncritic and essayist, known for his painstakingly fastidious style. His highly personal
\ncriticisms of painting and of literature were
\nhalfway between scholarship and original
\nartistic creation. (Enc. Br.)
\na 9:545<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nPathan<\/b> name applied to the Pashtu-speaking
\ntribes of southeastern Afghanistan and north-
\nwestern Pakistan. The term has some-
\ntimes been loosely used to denote all the
\nMuslim sultans of Delhi from Qutbuddin<\/font><\/p>\n

\t\tto Ibrahim Lodi. (Enc. Br.; D.I.H.)<\/font><\/p>\n

 4:140 5:284-85,288-89 14:-187,329,370,
\n378 15:341 IX: 1,2<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-242<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nazareth historic city of Lower Galilee, northern Israel. It is closely associated with the childhood of Jesus and is a centre of Christian pilgrimage. (Enc….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","wpcat-87-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3564"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3564\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}