{"id":3569,"date":"2013-07-13T01:49:38","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=3569"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:49:38","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:38","slug":"17-glossary-and-index-page180-to-194-vol-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/02-other-editions\/glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works\/17-glossary-and-index-page180-to-194-vol-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","title":{"rendered":"-17_Glossary and Index Page180 to 194.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n\n
\n

\n15: 5, 7-8, 117, 270, 353, 463-64. 583, 627
\n17: 121-22, 211, 393 20: 316 21: 714, 717, 720
\n22:154, 416 23:675 26:130 27:79, 359-63, 451 1:27 11:61, 66 111:5, 7-8, 12-13, 18
\nV: 2, 4 VI: 158-59 XVIII: 134 <\/b> XIX: 5-7<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKshetro<\/b> Kshetro Mohan Singh, the first
\n"declared" or legal proprietor of Bande
\nMataram<\/i> according to the declaration dated
\n6 August 1906.
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nK.U.<\/b> Kena Upanishad<\/i><\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKubera<\/b> See<\/i> Kuvera<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKublaKhan<\/b> poetic fragment (1816) by
\nColeridge, an inspired fantasy memorable for
\nits haunting sensuous imagery and melodic
\nlines. (Enc. Br.) D 9: 349<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKulasekhara Alwar<\/b> (fl. c. 8th
\n<\/b>cent.), a king of Malabar who became a poet-saint. (Enc.
\n<\/b>Br.) a 8: 402<\/font><\/p>\n

\nKulind<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> name of a
\npeople living in a region of the same name in
\nthe northwest of India. (M. N.; Dow.)
\nD 8: 41<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKumar See<\/i> Deb, Kumar Kshitendra<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKumar(a)<\/b> in Hindu mythology, name or
\nepithet of Skanda, the god of war. See
\n<\/i>Kartikeya. n [Indexed with Kartikeya]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKumar Atreya<\/b> a Vedic Rishi, descendant of
\n<\/b>Atri. (B.P.C.) D <\/b> 11: 203<\/font><\/p>\n

\nK.unwr(a)sambhava(m)<\/i> one of the six recognized epic poems in Sanskrit literature, in
\nseventeen cantos. The first seven are certainly
\nby Kalidasa, the last ten; also ascribed to
\nhim, are thought by some scholars to be
\nspurious. The poem’s theme is the marriage
\nof Lord Shiva and Uma and the birth of
\nKartikeya. Sri Aurobindo translated the first
\nand part of the second canto of this poem
\nunder the title The Birth of the War-God.
\n<\/i>(Enc. Br.;Gaz.-II) a 3:226-27, 251, 260, 293, 308, 316, 318. 323 8: 97, 99, 104, 113, 125
\n9:76, 113 X: 143<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKumartuli Park<\/b> Kumartuli is a locality in
\n<\/b>northwest Calcutta, and the park is situated at 22, Nandaram Sen Street. (Guide)
\na 2: 150<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKumbhakarna<\/b> in the story of the Ramayana, <\/i> ‘brother of Ravana, who under the
\ncurse of Brahma (or, as otherwise represented, as a boon) slept for six months at a
\ntime and remained awake for only a single
\nday. He was aroused from sleep with great
\ndifficulty, when Ravana was hard-pressed in
\nthe battle. <\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nKumbhakarna was slain by
\nRama. (Dow.) D V:6.11<\/font><\/p>\n

\nKumbhakonam a town in Thanjavur district of Madras province (now Tamil Nadu state), in the Cavery delta. It contains many Hindu
\ntemples, and every twelve years is the site of
\na great gathering of pilgrims. (Col. Enc.)
\na 26:16<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKunchenjunga<\/b> See<\/i> Kanchanjungha.<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKuntibhoja<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> king of the
\npeople called Kuntis. He was the adoptive
\nfather of Kunti (see the following entry).
\n(Dow.) 1-1 4:75<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKunti(e)’ (Kunti), in the Mahabharata, <\/i> born
\nPritha as daughter of the Yadava prince
\nSurasena, and renamed Kunti when adopted
\n(and brought up) by Kuntibhoja, her
\nfather’s childless cousin. In her maidenhood
\nshe gave birth through the ear to Kama.
\nSubsequently she married Pandu and bore
\nthree sons: Yudhishthira, Bhima and Arjuna.
\nAfter the end of the great war she retired
\nwith Dhritatashtra and Gandhari into the
\nforest and there they all perished in a fire.
\n(Dow.) Var: Coonty; County n 3:151-52, 172, 208 4:77-78 8:27-28, 48, 51, 60-61, 77-78, 80, 82-88, 95 12:456 13: 52, 60, 62, 104.127, 139, 261, 514 11:79 IV: 116<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKuntie2<\/b> (Kunti), in the Mahabharata, <\/i> name
\nof a region, its people, king and warriors.
\n(M.N.) Var: Kountie n 8:41.43<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKuntivardhan Purujit<\/b> See<\/i> Pourujit<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKural<\/i> a most venerated and popular Tamil
\nbook by the poet Tiruvalluvar. It was written
\nin the early centuries of the Christian era, not later than the 10th century. The Kural
\n<\/i>propounds a Sankhya philosophy in 1, 330
\npoetical aphorisms on three subjects: wealth, pleasure and virtue. It contains the moral
\nideals and ethical doctrines of the Tamil
\npeople. It has been translated into many
\nlanguages, Indian and foreign. (D.I.H.;<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\njGaz.-I & II)<\/b> Var: Kurral
\na<\/i> <\/b>8: 397 <\/b> 14: 321 17: 319<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKurokis perhaps a variant of "Cherokees", members of a tribe of Iroquoian Indians
\nwhose original home was in the southeastern
\nUnited States; they now live in the South-
\nwest. The etymological meaning of the word
\n"Cherokee" is probably "cave people".
\n(Web.) n <\/b> l: 219<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKuropatkin<\/b>, Aleksey Nikolayevich Kuropatkin (1848-1921), Russian general.
\n(Enc. Br.) a 1:211, 580<\/font><\/p>\n

\nKuru a prince of the Lunar race. He ruled
\nover a region around modern Delhi. A
\npeople called Kurus dwelling around Kuru-
\nkshetra were connected with him. Kuru was
\nthe ancestor both of Dhritarashtra and<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-180<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nPandu, but the patronymic "Kaurava" is
\ngenerally applied to the sons of Dhrita-
\nrashtra. (Dow.) D 3: 143, 162, 189-91.
\n193-96, 200, 203-05, 207-08, 214, 266 4: 83-86, 89, 93, 95-96, 100, 107 5:222 6:277 8:34, 59-60, 77-78, 90, 95 10: 15 13: 160 14: 325
\n27: 79 1^: 115-16 VI: 155-56 <\/b> X: 148
\nXVIII: 136<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKuruhur<\/b> a small town in Tinnevelly
\n(officially, Tirunelveli), Tamil Nadu, South
\nIndia; birthplace of Nammalwar. (A)
\nn 17: 373<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKurukshetra "the field of the Kurus", a plain
\nwhere the great battle between the Kauravas
\nand the Pandavas was fought. The site of the
\nbattle has been located near Delhi, not very
\nfar from Panipat in Karnal district of Har-
\nyana state. It was the scene of many battles
\nin later days also. Kurukshetra is always
\nregarded in the Brahmana texts as a particularly sacred country. Within its boundaries
\nflowed the rivers Drsadvati (see<\/i> Drishadwati)
\nand Sarasvati, as well as the Apaya. Roughly
\nspeaking it corresponds to the modern
\nSirhind. (Dow.; D.I.H.; V. Index)
\na 1: 98, 737 3: 199, 346, 352-54 4: 62, 67, 71, 73, 75, 82, 90, 95-99, 165, 303 13: 9, 12-13, 15, 33, 36-37, 42-44, 50, 59, 124, 126, 172, 287, 361, 369, 371, 384, 430, 436, 481, 521, 537, 549
\n14: 193 15: 591-92 16: 252 17: 83, 141
\n22: 492 23: 676 26: 130, 136, 396, 398
\nVI: 156 VII: 49, 51 VIII: 192<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKuruvriddha<\/b> an epithet of BHISHMA, mean-
\ning ancient among the Kurus. D 4: 76<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKushasthaly<\/b> an ancient city of India, identical with or standing on the same
\n<\/b>spot
\n<\/b>as Dwarka in Gujarat. It was built by
\nRaivata and was the capital of his kingdom.
\n(Dow.) a 8: 43<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKushikas<\/b> Vedic Rishis, descendants of Kusika. Vishwamitra was the most important of them. The Kushikas are repeatedly
\nreferred to in the third Mandala of the
\nRig-veda, <\/i> and figure in the legend of
\nSunahsepa in the Aitereya Brahmana.<\/i><\/font><\/p>\n

(V. Index) a n: 149, 158<\/font><\/p>\n

\nKushtia formerly a subdivisional town of
\nNadia district in the province of Bengal.
\nNow it is a district town in Khulna division
\nof Bangladesh, a 4:260<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKusumanjali<\/b><\/i> title in gold letters
\n<\/b>of a Bengali
\nbook carried by a girl seen in
\n<\/b> swapnasamadhi<\/i>
\nby Sri Aurobindo.
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKuthumi<\/b> name of a Rishi. According to the
\nVishnu Purana<\/i> and the Vayu Parana, <\/i> he was<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\na disciple of Pausyamji, who belonged to<\/font><\/p>\n

Vyasa’s Samavedic school. (B.P.C.)<\/font><\/p>\n

Var: Kuthrni<\/b> (a misspelling) a 2: 413 5: 83<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKutsa the human soul; "the sattwic or
\npurified and light-filled soul" (13: 18). It is
\nsaid that Indra took him in his chariot to his
\npalace, and when the chariot reached the
\nend of the journey Kutsa had grown into an
\nexact likeness of his divine companion Indra.
\n(A) a 13: 16, 18 II: 40, 45 XVIII: 177<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKutsa (Angirasa) a Vedic Rishi, a descendant of Angiras; author of several hymns of
\nthe Rig-veda.<\/i> (B.P.C.) a 10:154.237, 430
\n11: 34, 66 18: 1 V: 31 VI: 147 VIII: 149 XVII: 53<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKutthumi Koot Hoomi (or Kut Humi), one
\nof the Theosophical Masters (see<\/i> Mahatmas), semi-divine beings who watch over the world’s
\nspiritual progress. Koot Hoomi made himself
\nparticularly helpful to Mme Blavatsky and
\nCol. Olcott in the early days of the Theosophical Society, and William Quan Judge
\nseems to have thought that he was Koot
\nHoomi himself. (Enc. Unex., p. 131)
\na XIII: 28, 30<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKuvera (the form of Kubera in later
\nSanskrit) in Hindu mythology, the king of
\nthe Yakshas and the god of wealth. Ac-
\ncording to most accounts he first lived in
\nLanka, but was expelled from there by his
\nhalf-brother Ravana. He now resides in Alaka, a beautiful mansion near Shiva’s
\nabode on Mt. Kailasa. (Enc. Br.; M.W.)
\nVar: Kubera; Kuver(e); Cubera
\nD 7: 913 8: 130 17: 40 27: 159 II: 37<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nKyd<\/b> Thomas Kyd (or Kid), (1558-94), English dramatist. He was the best-known
\nexponent of the English "tragedy of blood", and was among the writers who exercised
\nconsiderable influence on Shakespeare in his
\nformative years. (Col. Enc.) D 3:233<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nL<\/a><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLabkan<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s play The Viziers
\nof Bassora, <\/i> a tailor of Bassora and creditor
\nof Nureddene. (A) a 7:634<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLabour (Party) in Great Britain, reformist
\nSocialist political party that has strong institutional and financial links with the trade
\nunions. In 1900 the Trades Union Congress
\ncooperated with the Independent Labour
\nParty (founded in 1893) to establish the
\nLabour Representation Committee, which
\ntook the name Labour Party in 1906. The<\/font><\/p>\n

\t\tparty gained strength rapidly, and emerged
\nfrom the 1918 general election as the <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-181<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nsecond largest party in the House of Commons.
\nLater, during certain periods, the party
\nenjoyed a majority in the House. (Enc.
\nBr.) Der: Labourites a 1:143-44, 435, 565, 574 2:237, 271, 285, 299.379, 393-94, 434
\n4:206, 221 15:536, 647 26:54<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLacedaemon<\/b> Laconia, the southeastern
\ndivision of the Peloponnesus in ancient
\nGreece, of which Sparta was the capital.
\n(M.I.) Der: Lacedaemonian<\/b> a 5:405, 480<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLachhima<\/b> in the songs of the Maithil poet
\nVidyapati, "lady of Mithila city", wife of
\nShiva Singha Rupnaraian, the king. (A)
\na 8:226-28, 236, 263<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLady ofShalott<\/b><\/i> a poem by Tennyson.
\n<\/b> It first
\ncame out in his collection Poems<\/i> published
\nin 1832. (Col. Enc.) a 9:62<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLady of the Lake<\/b> in Arthurian legend, Vivian, mistress of Merlin (a magician and
\nseer, helper of King Arthur). She lived in a
\ncastle surrounded by a lake. (Web.)
\nD 5:185<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLaertes<\/b> in Greek legend, king of Ithaca and
\nfather of Odysseus. (M.I.) a 5:481<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLahiri, Pumachandra<\/b> a member of the
\nC.I.D. of Bengal around 1908. n 4:261<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLahore a city on the west bank of the Ravi. It was
\nthe capital of the province of Punjab under British rule. Now it is the capital
\nof the Punjab of Pakistan, and the largest city of Pakistan. Lahore was the
\nvenue of the annual session of the Indian National Congress in 1893, 1900, 1909, and 1929.
\n(D.I.H.) D 1:272, 279, 348, 394, 521, 648
\n2:102, 128, 191, 197, 205-06, 215, 297, 304-05, 307, 309, 318-19, 329, 390 4:179, 186, 199-200, 202, 228, 231, 234, 237-38, 240 27:1, 51-52
\nXIV: 102-03, 105-06<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLais name of a celebrated Greek courtesan, a Sicilian, carried to Corinth at the time of
\nthe Athenian expedition to Sicily. (Ox.
\nComp.) Var: Lais a 3:297 X:<\/b> 161<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLajpat<\/b> a character, see<\/i> Lal<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLajpat (Rai) Lala Lajpat Rai (1865-1928), a celebrated leader of Punjab, often called
\n"Punjab-Kesari" or "Sher-e-Punjab" (the
\nLion of Punjab), outspoken in his advocacy
\nof anti-British nationalism in the
\n<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nCongress party. He was a lawyer by profession and
\nan Arya Samajist in religion; he built up the
\nArya Samaj into an effective organization in the country. For taking part in the
\npolitical agitation in Punjab, Lajpat Rai was deported
\nto Mandalay (Burma) without trial in May 1907. In November, however, he was
\nallowed to return when the Viceroy Lord Minto decided that there was insufficient
\nevidence to hold him for subversion. In 1914
\nLajpat Rai went to the U.S.A. and stayed
\nthere till the end of World War I. On his
\nreturn to India, he joined the Swarajist party
\nand later presided over the special session of
\nthe Congress held at Calcutta in 1920. Lajpat
\nRai died on 17 November 1928 from injuries
\nsustained during the lathi charge by police
\non a procession led by him at Lahore on 20
\nOctober in protest against the arrival of the
\nSimon Commission. (Enc. Br.; Enc. Ind.)
\nn 1:169, 195, 281, 334-36, 342, 344-45, 347-48, 350, 354, 359, 361-62, 364-65, 369, 372-74, 377, 381, 391, 420, 435, 482, 503, 522, 572, 607, 610, 612, 635, 638-39, 648-50, 784, 817 2:178, 260, 281, 363-64 4:178-79, 247 26:48 27:49, 51-54, 57-58, 484 V: 100<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLakeDal<\/b> See<\/i> Dal, Lake<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLakshichand<\/b> a son of Guru NANAK. (A)
\nD 1:289<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLakshmana<\/b> in the Ramayana, <\/i> son of
\nKing Dasaratha by Sumitra, twin brother of Shatrughna and half-brother of Rama.
\nHe was very much devoted to Rama. When Rama and his wife Sita went into exile
\nfor fourteen years, Lakshmana accompanied
\nthem to serve them. He stood by them in all
\nperils and fought against Ravana’s army of
\nRakshasas to recover Sita, whom Ravana
\nhad carried off. Meghanada, Ravana’s
\nvaliant son, was killed by Lakshmana.
\n(Dow.) VarLuxman a 8:6, 20-22 14:290<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLakshmi in Hindu mythology, the goddess of
\nwealth and good fortune, consort of Vishnu.
\nAccording to a legend she sprang from the
\nfroth of the Ocean when it was churned, in
\nfull beauty, with a lotus in her hand. Of the
\nvarious names and epithets of Lakshmi, those indexed here are Indira and Kamala.
\n(Dow.) Var: Luxmi(e); Laxmi a 1:61
\n4:140 5:199, 222-23 6:212, 261, 263, 308, 327, 329 7:913, 951 8:310, 313, 339, 343, 345, 385, 399, 401 10:352-53 11:3 14:137 17:262
\n23:977 27:451 29:509 XXI: 14<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLakshmibai<\/b> (1835-58), the Rani (queen) of
\nJhansi, who played a prominent role in the
\nIndian Mutiny against British rule. Leading
\nher own troops, she cooperated with the
\nrebel general Tantia Topi in capturing
\nGwalior (1857), and was killed fighting
\nBritish forces at Marwar or Kotah the
\nfollowing year. (Enc. Ind.; Enc. Br.)
\nD 4:99<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-182<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nLal<\/b> or Lajpat, <\/b> a character – representing
\nLala Lajpat Rai – in "The Slaying of
\nCongress", a tragedy by Sri Aurobindo published in Bande Mataram<\/i> in February
\n1908. n 1:673, 679-80, 688<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLal Bazar<\/b> Hajat police lock-up of Lal Bazar, a locality in central Calcutta.
\nD 2:3 4:260-61, 269-70<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLalmohan; Lalmohun<\/b> See<\/i> Ghose, Lalmohan<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLamb, <\/b> Charles (1775-1834), English essayist
\nchiefly known for his Essays of Elia, <\/i> and his
\nletters, which have a blend of humour and
\ntenderness. (Pears) 1-1 9:545<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLambert<\/b> a person to whom Chatterton was
\napprenticed in 1767. (A) 1-1 11:18<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLamia<\/i> a poem by Keats published in 1820, shortly before his death (1821). In classical
\nmythology. Lamia was a female demon who
\ndevoured children. In Keats’ poem. Lamia is <\/font><\/p>\n

\na witch who is destroyed by the sage
\nApollonius. (Enc. Br.) a 9:130<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLamprecht, <\/b> Karl Gottfried (1856-1915), German historian who was one of the first
\nscholars to develop a systematic theory of
\npsychological factors in history. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 15:2<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLanca<\/b> See<\/i> Lanka<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLancelot Gobbo<\/b> LauncelotGobbo, a
\ncharacter – a clown, servant to Shylock – in
\n<\/b>Shakespeare’s comedy The Merchant of
\nVenice.<\/i> (Shakes.) D 17:96<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLandell & Clarke name of a firm dealing in
\njute, perhaps located in Pabna around 1909.
\n(A) D 4:247<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLandor, <\/b> Walter Savage (1775-1864), English
\nauthor and poet. His verse ranges from the
\nepic to the epigrammatic, and includes some
\nlyrics of great simplicity and intensity.
\n(Col. Enc.) a 9:305, 527 11:11<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLanka<\/b> in the Ramayana, <\/i> the island kingdom
\nof Ravana or its capital city. It is said to
\nhave been built of gold by Vishwakarma for
\nthe residence of Kubera, from whom it was
\ntaken by Ravana. Its site is the island for- merly called Ceylon, presently Sri Lanka.
\n(Dow.) Var: Lanca n 1:811-12 2:80
\n5:78, 84 20:317 V: 5-12, 14, 16 IX: 40<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLansdowne, <\/b> Lord Henry Charles Keith Petty
\nFitzmaurice (1845-1927), 5th Marquess of
\nLansdowne; Irish nobleman and British
\ndiplomat. Governor General of Canada
\n(1883-88), Viceroy of India (1888-94).<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\n After his return to England he served in
\nvarious capacities, as Secretary for War, Foreign
\nSecretary, etc. (Enc. Br.) a i:575<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLaocoon<\/b> in Greek legend, Trojan prince, brother of Anchises and priest of Apollo
\n(or, in some accounts, of Poseidon). In Sri
\nAurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> he is a son of Priam and
\npriest of Apollo. He prophesies that Troy
\nshall triumph and spurs the Trojans on to
\ntheir destruction. (M.I.) a l: 120
\n5: 416-17, 419, 423-24, 429-31, 433, 439, 512<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLaodamia<\/b><\/i> a poem written in 1815 by
\nWordsworth. (Col. Enc.) a 9:122<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLaomedon in Greek legend, king of Troy, father of Priam. He employed Apollo and
\nPoseidon to build the walls of Troy, but
\ncheated them of their payment, as a result of
\nwhich Poseidon sent a sea monster to ravage
\nthe land. Heracles killed the monster, but he
\ntoo was refused the reward Laomedon had
\npromised him, whereupon Heracles attacked
\nTroy and slew Laomedon and all his sons
\nexcept Priam. Laomedon’s grave lay over the
\nScaean Gate of Troy, the northwestern gate
\nwhich, when opened, signified war. (Col.
\nEnc.; M.I.) Der: Laomedonian;<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLaomedontian<\/b> a 5:392, 397, 399, 402-03, 408, 410, 412, 417, 426, 447, 450, 461, 467<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLao Tse<\/b> Lao-tze or Lao-tzu (fl. c. 6th cent.
\nBC), Chinese philosopher, the reputed foun-
\nder of Taoism. It is uncertain whether Lao-
\ntze (which in Chinese means "old person" or
\n"old philosopher") is a historical figure. He, like Confucius, was not-a founder of a
\nreligion in the ordinary sense of the word.
\nBoth simply laid down systems of morals and
\nsocial behaviour; but after their deaths, numerous temples were built to their
\nmemory and their books became the Vedas
\nof the Chinese. (Col.Enc.;G.W.H.)
\na 22:62, 65<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLaporte<\/b> an eloquent criminal lawyer of
\nPondicherry during a long career (c. 1910 to
\nc. 1945). He was a candidate for election to
\nthe French Chamber in 1914. (A)
\nD 27:442, 446<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLares<\/b> in Roman religion, tutelary deities.
\nThey were originally gods of the cultivated
\nfields, worshipped by each household at the
\ncrossroads. Later they were worshipped in
\nthe houses, and the household Lar was con-
\nceived of as the centre of the family and
\nof the family’cult. The image of the Lar was
\nusually a youthful figure. The public Lares
\nbelonged to the state religion. The state had
\nits own Lares, the protecting patrons and
\nguardians of the city. (Enc.Br.)
\na XVI: 141<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLarissa<\/b> Larissa Cremaste, an ancient town in
\nPHTHIA near the coast opposite the northern<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-183<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\ntip of Euboea. It is supposed to have been
\nthe home of Achilles. (M.I.) Der:<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

Larissan<\/b> a 5:440, 465-66<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLark Ascending, <\/b>The<\/i> a poem by
\n<\/b>George
\nMeredith, n <\/b>9:164<\/font><\/p>\n

\n"Last Supper" famous painting (fresco)
\nby Leonardo da Vinci, begun c. 1485 and
\ncompleted by 1498. Located in Milan, it is
\namong the most widely popular paintings of
\nthe Renaissance. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)
\na 9:485<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLatavya<\/b> a character – chamberlain of
\n<\/b>the
\n<\/b>King’s seraglio – in Vikramorvasie, <\/i> Sri
\nAurobindo’s translation of Kalidasa’s drama.
\nl-l 3:375 7:909, 953-54, 992-96, 998-99, 1004
\nX:157<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLatin When not used for the Latin language
\n(see the next entry), the term means "a
\nnative or inhabitant of ancient Latium or
\nancient Rome". (Latium was an ancient
\ncountry in central Italy, southeast of Rome.)
\nAs an adjective it means properly (1) "of
\nancient Latium or its people", or (2) "of
\nancient Rome or its people". The adjective is
\noften used to refer to the peoples who speak
\nlanguages derived from Latin or to the lan-
\nguages themselves (the Romance languages).
\n(Web.) Der: Latinised; Latinistic
\na 1:525 5:420, 435 9:42, 50-51, 54, 59, 87, 96, 138, 181, 239, 524 10: 553 14: 20, 220, 367 15: 44, 86, 147, 290, 296, 332-33, 344, 378, 410, 501, 521, 567 17:196, 298, 318 VIII: 173
\nX:113 XV: 11 XVII: 38<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLatin<\/b> (language) language of the city of
\nRome which spread with the power of Rome
\nuntil it became the language of most of
\nwestern Europe. Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and also Roumanian and some
\nminor tongues derive from it. Various forms
\nof Latin are distinguished: Old Latin (before
\nc. 75 BC, pre-classical); Classical Latin (that
\nof great writers of late republican and early
\nimperial Rome, c. 75 BC to AD 175); Late
\nLatin (c. AD 175 to 600); Medieval Latin (c.
\n600 to 1500); Modern Latin (since AD 1500).
\n(O.C.C.L.;C.O.D.) Der: Latinise(d);<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLatinisation; Latinism; Latinist; Latinistic
\n<\/b>a 1:350, 519 3:36, 79 5:342, 345, 361-62, 380, 551, 585, 587 7:1013, 1015 <\/b>8:407 <\/b>9:46, 49, 54, 58, 61, 86-87, 134, 138, 171, 191,
\n395, 399,
\n<\/b>407, 413, 420, 460-62 <\/b> 10: 36, 67, 77, 155, 352, 500-01, 518, 553, 555, 557-59, 561-62.564, 566-67, 571, 574 <\/b> 11: 448, 454, 486-87, 506 <\/b> 12: 401, 408-09, 423 <\/b> 14: 298 <\/b> 15: 296, 390, 411, 491, 494-96 17:127, 193, 295-97, 394 22:305, 451 26: 1-3, 262, 266, 312-14 27: 89,
\n166-67, 169, 171-72, 179, 334 29: 800 I: <\/font><\/p>\n

\n8, 12, 16 <\/b> II: 13, 15, 27, 30, 36, 38, 87 III: 52, 54, 56 IV: 150-51, 155 V: 42-44 <\/b> VI: 139, 143, 153 VIII: 180
\nXIV: 163 XV: 23, 47 XVI: 149, 162-63, 165, 172, 176 <\/b> XVII: 19, 22, 66, 72-73 <\/b> XVIII: 169, 173, 185 <\/b> XXI: 67<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nLatin-Celtic<\/b> group Latin and Celtic
\n<\/b>languages, a 17: 295<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLatona Latin name of Leto who, in Greek
\nmythology, was daughter of the Titans Coeus
\nand Phoebe. She was mother of Apollo and
\nArtemis. See also<\/i> Leto. (Col. Enc.)
\nD 5:506, 544<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLavonya<\/b> in Hindu mythology, name of a
\nnymph of Heaven, a 5:190<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLawrence, D. H.<\/b> David Herbert Lawrence
\n(1885-1930), English short-story writer, poet, essayist, and one of the most important and
\ncontroversial 20th-century novelists. He
\nattempted in his fiction to express the deep
\nnatural and instinctive forces in men and
\nwomen by writing symbolically or explicitly
\nof primitive peoples and of primitive passions
\nin more sophisticated individuals. (Enc. Br.;<\/font><\/p>\n

Col. Enc.) D<\/i> 9:297, 308.535-41 24:1515<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLaxmi<\/b> SeeLakshmi.<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLays Lays of Ancient R6me, <\/i> a book of
\npoems (1842) by Thomas Babington
\nMacaulay which made him a popular poet.
\n(Col. Enc.) a 3: 108 9: 474 26: 6<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeadbeater, Charles Webster (1847-1934), a Church of England clergyman who was
\nwon over to theosophy by Mme Blavatsky.
\nLeadbeater became a leading figure in the
\nTheosophical Society and the right-hand man
\nof Mrs. Besant. (Enc. Unex., pp. 251-52;<\/font><\/p>\n

Enc. Am, Vol. 26, p. 524) n XIII: 29<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeague <\/b> of Nations former international
\norganization, predecessor of the United
\nNations Organization, having as its purpose
\nthe maintenance of peace, arbitration of
\ninternational disputes and the promotion of
\ninternational cooperation. It may be called ft
\n<\/i>product of World War I, being established at
\nthe initiative of the victorious Allied powers.
\n(Col. Enc.) a 14: 365 15: 45, 49, 364, 408, 459, 470, 508, 518, 536-37, 556-57. 559, 569, 575, 579, 612, 614-17, 619-21, 623-26, 628-29, 631-34, 638, 648, 651 27: 347-48<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeakat Hussain, <\/b> Moulvi Maulvi Liaqat
\nHusain (c. 1852- ? ), a prominent political
\nfigure of Bengal in the early years of the
\npresent century. Hailing from Bihar, he
\nmade Calcutta the centre of his activities. He
\nwas foremost among the Muslim leaders who
\nwere antagonistic to the British policy of<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-184<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\n"Divide and Rule". He participated actively
\nin the agitation against the partition of Ben-
\ngal in 1905 and mobilised Muslim opinion in
\nfavour of the Swadeshi movement. In 1912
\nhe was convicted of sedition at Barisal and
\nsentenced to three years’ imprisonment. In
\n1916 he founded and became president of
\n"Bharat Hitaishi Sabha" with the object of
\nhelping the needy irrespective of nationality, religion, caste, or creed. (D.N.B.; D.I.H.;<\/font><\/p>\n

B.B.P-.p. 133) Var: Liakat (Hossain) <\/b> a 1: 579, 607, 609 <\/b> VIII: 131<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLear<\/b> English legendary king, supposed
\ndescendant, through Locrine and Brut, of
\nAeneas of Troy. His story is best known as
\nthe subject of Shakespeare’s tragedy King
\nLear.<\/i> Towards the end of the play, Lear
\ngoes mad as a result of his mistreatment by
\nhis ungrateful daughters. (Col. Enc.)
\nD 3: 272, 306 9: 317, 333 17: 96 24: 1638
\nI: 40 III: 19 X: 154<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLebanon a country of southwestern Asia, bounded on the north and east by Syria, on
\nthe south by Israel, and on the west by the
\nMediterranean. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)
\nn 6: 82<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLebian<\/b> pere name of a person of
\nPondicherry; "pere" is the French equivalent
\nof "senior", n XXII: 174<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLecky, William Edward Hartpole (1838-
\n1903), British historian of rationalism and
\nEuropean morals; a literary historian not far
\nbelow Gibbon. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)
\na 12: 497-98<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeconte de Lisle<\/b> Charles-Marie-Rene
\nLeconte de Lisle (1818-94), French poet, leader of the Parnassians, and from 1865 to
\n1895 acknowledged as the foremost French
\npoet apart from the aging Hugo. (Enc.
\nBr.) a 9: 104<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeda goddess of peace, love, beauty and
\nbliss, mentioned in one of Sri Aurobindo’s
\n"Conversations of the Dead". (A)
\na 3: 477-78<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLee Wamer Sir William Lee-Warner
\n(1846-1914), a Cambridge graduate; in the
\nI.C.S. (1869-95) served in various capacities, including acting Director of Public Instruction, Bombay (1885), Political Agent in
\nKolhapur (1886), Secretary of the Political, Judicial, and Educational Departments of
\nBombay (1887-93); Secretary in the Political
\nand Secret Departments of the India Office
\n(1895-1903); Member of the Council of India
\n(1902-12). (Gilbert, p. 49; Wolpert, p. 248)
\na 1: 328<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nLegende des Siecles<\/i> a<\/b> collection (1859) of
\nmetaphysical epics by Victor Hugo, which he
\nwrote in exile. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 9:313 26:340<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeigh, <\/b> Austen Augustus Austen Leigh, elected Provost at King’s College, Cam-
\nbridge, in 1889; he held this office till 1905.
\n(A&R, II:97) D 26:1 11:87<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeitus<\/b> in Greek legend, a leader of the
\nTheban contingent against Troy. (M.I.)
\nn 5:479, 491<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeie<\/b> surname of a person who translated the
\nMahabharata<\/i> or part of it. (A)
\na 3:201<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeie, Balkrishna<\/b> a person who was spoken of
\nby the Madras Times<\/i> in an issue of 1911 as
\nbeing present in Pondicherry to carry on
\nanarchist activities as a lieutenant of Mr.
\nTilak. Sri Aurobindo wrote a contradiction
\nof these statements which was published in
\nThe Hindu.<\/i> (A)
\nD 27:500<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeie, Vishnu Bhaskar<\/b> a Maharashtrian yogi
\nunder whose guidance Sri Aurobindo
\nachieved complete silence of the mind and
\nimmobility of the whole consciousness in
\nthree days’ time, probably during the first
\nweek of January 1908. Barindra Kumar, Sri
\nAurobindo’s younger brother, called Leie to
\nBaroda for this purpose. Leie was by profession a clerk. He had practised a certain form
\nof Bhakti-yoga, and had achieved some realisation. In February 1908 Leie came to
\nCalcutta, where he again met Sri Aurobindo.
\nAt this time the guru-disciple relationship-
\nif it may be so called – between Sri Aurobindo
\nand Leie came to an end. Afterwards Leie
\nwent to Deoghar to give initiation and yogic
\ntraining to Barin’s associates in revolutionary
\nwork. When he came to know that they had
\naccepted the cult of the bomb, he declined to
\ninitiate them saying that yoga and terrorism
\ncould not go together. He warned them of
\nthe dangers of the method, and foretold that
\nIndia would attain freedom without blood-
\nshed. (Purani;C.W.N., Vol.7, pp. 349-50)
\nD 4:327 24:1258 26:19-20, 49-51, 58, 61, 64, 78, 83, 279, 353 IV: 198 VII: 1, 11 XIV: 165 XVI: 194 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLemaire, <\/b> Jean (1856- ? ), a French
\npolitician, at first (1904) the Governor of
\nPondicherry and later (1906) a member (for
\nPondicherry) of the Lower Chamber of
\nFrance before the office was held by Paul
\nBLUYSEN. Der: Lemairiste
\nD 27:442, 444-50<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-185<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nLemnian<\/b> of Lemnos, an island in the north-
\neast Aegean Sea just west of the ancient
\ncity of Troy, from where the archer PHILOCTETES was brought late in the Trojan War.
\n(Col. Enc.;M.I.) a 5:486, 491<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLemuria<\/b> hypothetical prehistoric continent
\nin the Indian Ocean, supposedly now re-
\npresented chiefly by Madagascar. Lemuria
\nis said to have been the home of the lemur
\n(a nocturnal animal similar to a monkey), and it was P. L. Sclator who first put the
\ncase for Lemuria in the middle of the 19th
\ncentury. He maintained that a continent once
\nexisted which stretched from the Malaya
\nArchipelago across the south coast of Asia to
\nMadagascar. This might be thought of as the
\nancient home of the lemur, which now exists
\nonly on what were once the borders of this
\nvanished land, i.e. Africa, southern India
\nand Malaya. (Enc. Br.; Enc. Unex.) Der:<\/font><\/p>\n

Lemurian<\/b> a 3:423 5:84 6:9<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLenin<\/b> pseudonym of Vladimir Ilyich
\nUlyanov (1870-1924), founder of the Russian
\nCommunist Party (Bolsheviks), inspirer and
\nleader of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), and the architect, builder, and first head of
\nthe Soviet state. As a thinker, he was a for-
\nmulator of Marxism-Leninism, the official
\nCommunist ideology. (Pears; Enc. Br.)
\na 9:554 14:66 15:81 24:1294 26:388<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeogrys<\/b> an ancient name of a region of
\nBritain. (A) a 7:883<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeonardo da Vinci<\/b> (1452-1519), an Italian
\nfamous for the range of his genius – he ex-
\ncelled as a painter, sculptor, architect and
\nengineer. His notebooks reveal a spirit of
\nscientific inquiry into the workings of the
\nhuman body and physical and natural laws as
\nwell as a mechanical inventiveness that were
\ncenturies ahead of his time. (Enc. Br.)
\na 3:100 9:485-86, 546 14:66, 200 22:408<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeopardi, <\/b> Giacomo (1798-1837), Italian
\npoet, scholar, and philosopher whose works, including his superb lyric poetry, place him
\namong the great writers of the 19th century.
\n(Enc. Br.) a 29:805<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeosthenes<\/b> a character – a captain of Syrian
\narmy – in Sri Aurobindo’s play Rodogune.
\n<\/i>a 6:333, 396, 399, 405, 407, 410, 413, 426, 435, 442-43, 455, 461-62, 464, 466<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLesbia name used by the Roman lyric poet
\nCatullus in his most memorable poems to
\naddress his beloved, probably Clodia. The
\nname recalls SAPPHO of Lesbos. (Col. Enc., under Catullus)
\na g:411
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nLesbian<\/b> of Lesbos, an island in the Aegean
\nSea off western Turkey, but belonging to
\nGreece. It is the largest island, after Crete
\nand Euboea, in the Aegean. (Col. Enc.;<\/font><\/p>\n

Enc. Br.) Q 6:378<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLetherbridge, Sir Roper (1840-1919), English
\nofficial in the Bengal Education Service from
\n1868 to 1876 (probably Principal of Krishna-
\ngar College around 1870), Press Commis-
\nsioner in the Government of India (1877-80), and an M. P. (1885.1886-91). He was author
\nof several books, and also translated some
\nbooks, n 1:503<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLethe<\/b> in Greek mythology, a river in Hades, producing forgetfulness of the past. The dead
\ndrank from Lethe upon their arrival in the
\nunderworld, and souls who were being re-
\nincarnated drank of its water upon their
\ndeparture for the world of the living.
\n(Col. Enc.) a 5:18, 21<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLeto<\/b> (Latin "Latona") the daughter of a
\nTitan, and loved by Zeus. Hera, jealous of
\nher, sent the serpent Python to persecute her
\nduring her pregnancy. Leto wandered about
\nthe earth until Zeus fastened the floating
\nisland of Delos to the bottom of the sea as a
\nresting-place for her. Here she gave birth to
\nApollo and Artemis. <\/b> (Ox. Comp.)
\nn <\/b> II: 26<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLetters<\/b> Letters of Sri Aurobindo<\/i> (First, Second and Fourth Series) published by Sri
\nAurobindo Circle, Bombay, the First Series
\nin 1947, the Second in 1949, and the Fourth
\nin 1951. (The Third Series was "On Poetry
\nand Literature", and was published in
\n1949.) (I&G) a 22:485<\/font><\/p>\n

\nThe Letters ofD. H. Lawrence<\/i> a book (1932)
\nedited by Aldous Huxley. (Col. Enc.)
\n0 9:539<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLetters on Yoga<\/i> a collection of extracts from
\nletters written by Sri Aurobindo to his
\ndisciples, published as Volumes 22, 23 and
\n24 of the Sri Aurobindo Birth Centenary
\nLibrary (1972). (A) a 26:108, 387 27:413<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLever, Mr.<\/b> a person who, in a case of
\ndefamation in England, got his damages
\nfrom the Harmsworth Trust and not from the
\nactual libeller. (A) a 1:553<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLevite<\/b> member of a religious caste, among
\nthe ancient Hebrews; descendant ofLevi, son of Jacob. In the Gospel according to
\nLuke (10.32), a Levite passed by a traveller
\nwho had been wounded and robbed. Later
\na good Samaritan came and tended the
\ntraveller. (Col. Enc.; Bible; Concord.)
\na 1:347<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-186<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nLiakat (Hossain) See<\/i> Leakat Hussain, Moulvi<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLibanius<\/b> (fl. 4th cent.), one of the two
\nleading figures in the history of ancient
\neducation (the other was Themistius).
\nLibanius was a famous Greek rhetorician
\nwho conducted a celebrated school in
\n<\/b>his
\n<\/b>native Antioch. In his writings he gives
\nscarcely a hint of the existence of such things
\nas the Latin language or Christianity, both
\n<\/b>of
\n<\/b>which he would have considered barbarous.
\n(Enc. Am.) D 16:365<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLiberal (Party) in Great Britain, the political
\nparty that emerged in the mid-19th century
\nas the successor to the historic Whig party. It
\nis characterized by certain attitudes rather
\nthan a precise ideology, including trust in
\nrationality, faith in the idea of progress, attachment to individualism, emphasis on
\nhuman rights, and concern for under-
\nprivileged groups. The period 1906-15, during which the foundations of the welfare
\nstate were laid, was the last during which the
\nLiberals held power alone. (Enc. Br.)
\nDer: Liberalism; Liberaldom a i: 16, 143, 176-77, 201-02, 283, 323, 350, 367, 384, 409, 417, 419, 447-48, 503, 565, 573-74, 637, 708, 849
\n2: 23, 27, 30-31, 53-56, 101, 123, 234, 237, 253, 267, 269-72, 286, 298-99, 302, 306, 326, 332, 374, 379-80, 393-95, 422 4: 205-06, 212-14. 221. 233, 248 27:4, 17, 26, 33, 54 11:84<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLiberator The Liberator, <\/i> an international
\njournal edited and published from Paris by
\nEdward Holton James, an American propagandist. More than half of its inaugural issue
\n(c. 1910) was devoted to India. It was given
\na warm welcome by Shyamji Krishnavarma, who applauded Mr. James’ writings and
\nactivities in nearly every issue of his Indian
\nSociologist.<\/i> (Shyamji, pp. 280 and 298)
\na XIX: 29<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLibya<\/b> in ancient times the Greek name for
\nthe continent of Africa. Presently Libya is the name of a socialist republic
\nstate (formerly an Italian possession) on the north
\nshore of Africa on the Mediterranean Sea.
\n(M.I.;O.C1.D.) n 5:420 8:411<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLiege name of a province and its capital, in
\neastern Belgium, bordering West Germany
\non the east. Surrounded by twelve forts, the
\ncity of Liege was considered in 1914 to be
\nthe most formidable fortified position in
\nEurope. Assault by Germany began on
\n5 August 1914; by the seventh (eighth?) the
\ncity was taken. Bombardment of the forts
\nby special German siege guns began on
\n12 August. By the sixteenth, after the Belgian defence surrendered, all the twelve<\/font>
\nforts had been destroyed. (Enc. Br.)<\/font><\/p>\n

[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nThe Life Divine<\/i> 1. name of a commentary
\non the Isha Upanishad<\/i> which Sri Aurobindo
\nworked on between 1912 and 1914.
\n2. the philosophical magnum opus of Sri
\nAurobindo, which first appeared serially in
\nArya<\/i> from August 1914 to January 1919.
\nThis work was in a way an outgrowth of the
\nearlier commentary. In book-form The Life
\nDivine<\/i> first came out in 1939 (Book One)
\nand 1940 (Book Two, in two parts).
\n(A&R.VI: 205; I &G) n 17:401 22:44, 122. 126, 208, 485 24: 1626 26: 85, 99, 246, 385 27: 377 29: 753, 792 XVII: 70 <\/b> XX: 133<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe Life Heavens<\/i> a poem <\/b> in a new metre by
\nSri Aurobindo, composed on 15 November
\n1933. (A) a 5:579 22:387 26:275-76, 294<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLife-Literature-Yoga<\/b><\/i> a compilation (1952) of
\nletters that were written by Sri Aurobindo
\nduring the 1930s and 1940s. They were
\nreprinted from the journal Mother India.
\n<\/i>(I&G) n 29:785<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLife of Garibaldi<\/b><\/i> <\/b>a book by Bent; Sri
\nAurobindo speaks of it as being crammed
\nfull of facts and very tedious reading. (A)
\nD XVII: 64<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe Life of Sri Aurobindo<\/b><\/i> <\/b>a book by A. B.
\nPurani, first published in 1958. The fourth
\nedition (fully revised and enlarged) was
\nbrought out in 1978.
\nD <\/b> II: 28<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLight<\/b><\/i> a journal of Punjab, a contemporary
\nof Bande Mataram.<\/i> (A)
\nn 1:131, 194<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLight Brigade<\/b> The allusion is to an English
\ncavalry brigade in the Crimean War, whose
\nheroism was made famous by Tennyson in
\nhis poem The Charge of the Light Brigade
\n<\/i>(1855) written as part of his duties as
\nlaureate. (Col. Enc.) a 1: 160<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLights on Yoga<\/i> a book containing extracts
\nfrom Sri Aurobindo’s letters to his disciples, first published in 1935. (I&G) a 22:99
\n26: 108, 369.371 IV: 192<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLight to Superlight<\/i> a book published in 1972
\nby the Prabartak Sangh of Chandernagore.
\nIt contains-26 letters from Sri Aurobindo, one of them to Anandarao and the rest to
\nMotilal Roy, and, as an appendix, Sapta-
\nChatushtaya (incomplete). All these writings
\nin a complete form and with editorial re-
\nvisions are included in Sri Aurobindo Birth
\nCentenary Library, Vol. 27. (I & G)
\nD 27:349, 417<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-187<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nLila<\/b> a proposed character – daughter of<\/font><\/p>\n

Hooshka – mentioned in the Dramatis
\nPersonae of The Prince of Mathura, <\/i> an
\nincomplete play by Sri Aurobindo. D 7:891<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLilliputian<\/b> The reference is to the diminutive
\nnatives of Lilliput in Gulliver’s Travels.<\/i> The
\nword has since come to be used for any
\ndiminutive person or thing. (C.O.D.)
\nn 1: 144<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLimber Horses<\/i> title of a poem published in
\nThe New Statesman and the Nation, <\/i> perhaps
\nin 1932. (A) D 9: 444<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLimpopo a river in southeast Africa. It rises
\nas the Crocodile River in the Witwatersrand, South Africa, and flows on a semicircular
\ncourse for about 1000 miles to the Indian
\nOcean. It is known as the Limpopo after it is
\njoined by the Marico River. (Enc. Br.)
\na in: 30<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLincoln, Abraham<\/b> (1809-65), 16th President
\n(1861-65) of the United States of America.
\nHe preserved the Union during the American Civil War and brought about the emancipation of the slaves. (Enc. Br.) D 14:66<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nThe Line of Raghu<\/b><\/i> See Raghuvamsha<\/i><\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLion<\/b> the 5th sign of the zodiac, known as
\nSimha in Hindu astronomy, and a constellation (in Latin: Leo) lying between
\nCancer and Virgo. (A; Enc. Br.)
\n0 17:257-58, 260<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLionel<\/b> a character participating in "A
\nDialogue" (incomplete) which Sri Aurobindo
\nwrote around 1891. (A & R, II) a II: 5<\/font><\/p>\n

\nThe Listener<\/i> a magazine founded by the
\nBritish Broadcasting Company in 1929 to
\nreprint radio talks. (Enc. Br.) D 22:203<\/font><\/p>\n

\nListeners The Listeners, <\/i> a poem (1912) by
\nWalter de la Mare. (Ox. Comp.) a 9:356<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLiterary History of India<\/i> title of a book
\n(1898) by Robert Watson Frazer. See also
\nHistory of Indian Literature.<\/i> (Enc. Ind.)
\na 27:355<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLithuania former country in northeast
\nEurope. Since 1940 it has been a constituent
\nrepublic of the U.S.S.R. It lies on the Baltic
\nSea, bounded on the north by the Latvian
\nS.S.R., on the east and south by the Belo-
\nrussian S.S.R., and on the southeast by the
\nRussian S.F.S.R. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.)
\nn 15:51’2<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLithuanian<\/b> perhaps the most archaic
\nEuropean language. A Lithuanian literary
\nlanguage has been in existence since the
\nsixteenth century. Used solely for writings
\nof a religious character, it differs in many
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nrespects from modern Lithuanian, an East Baltic language most closely related to
\nLatvian and spoken primarily in Lithuania
\n(presently {he Lithuanian S.S.R.) by over
\ntwo and a half million people. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 15:496<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLittle Brothers<\/b> of <\/b> the Poor a small associa-
\ntion, mainly of the young men of Barisal
\nBrajmohan College, Bengal, started about
\nthe beginning of the 20th century by Aswini
\nKumar Dutt to serve and nurse the sick and
\nundertake other philanthropic activities. This
\nseed later grew into the Swadesh Bandhab
\nSamiti. (A) n 2:88-89<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLittleton one of the fictional characters in
\nthe dialogue "Littleton-Percival". The name
\nmay be a recollection of a certain Francis
\nLittlewood, one of Sri Aurobindo’s fellow-
\nstudents in England, who shortly after pas-
\nsing the I.C.S. final examination (at the
\nsame time as Sri Aurobindo: in 1892)
\nperished when the ship that was taking him
\nto India sank. a 3:486-88<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLiverpool<\/b> second largest seaport (after
\nLondon) of England and the United King-
\ndom, on the Mersey near its mouth. It is a
\ngreat industrial city and one of the world’s
\nleading trade centres. (Enc. Br.; Col.
\nEnc.) a 1:18, 293-94, 388, 879 17: 181<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLivy<\/b> (59or64BC-AD 17), one of the three
\ngreat Roman historians (the other two being
\nSallust and Tacitus). He wrote a history of
\nRome that established itself as a classic in his
\nown lifetime and exercised a profound
\ninfluence on the style and philosophy of
\nhistorical writing down to the 18th century.
\n(Enc. Br.) a i: 8<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLloyd George<\/b> David Lloyd George
\n(1863-1945), 1st Earl Lloyd-George of
\nDwyfor, British prime minister (1916-22), who dominated the British political scene in
\nthe latter part of World War I and in the
\npostwar period and laid the foundations for
\nthe modern welfare state. Having a long
\nparliamentary career (1890-1922), he re-
\nsigned from political life in 1922 during the
\nEnglish-Turkish crisis and thenceforth
\nsuffered criticism from both the Liberals and
\nthe Conservatives. (Enc. Br.) a 2:298
\n4:156, 212-13, 215, 218 15:609 25:106-07<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLocke, <\/b> John (1632-1704), political and
\neducational philosopher who laid the
\nepistemological foundations of modern
\nscience. As a philosopher, Locke has been
\nconsidered a leader of the English sensational school, but this classification by no
\nmeans does justice to his many-sidedness as<\/font><\/p>\n

\t\ta thinker, and the <\/b> term "sensationalism"
\n<\/b>is
\n<\/b>inadequate to<\/i> represent either his speculative inquiries or those less definable meditations which led him to search the field of
\nethics and spiritual laws in an endeavour to
\nassign the relations and functions of these
\nin the world of practical politics and that of
\ninstituted religion. (Enc. Br.; Enc. Am.)
\nD XIV: 164<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-188<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nLocrian <\/b> See<\/i> Locris<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLocrine a proposed character – a son of
\nBrutus and prince of Leogrys – listed in the
\nDramatis Personae of The House of Brut, <\/i> an
\nincomplete play by Sri Aurobindo.
\nD 7:883<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLocris<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s Ilion, <\/i> Eastern or
\nOpuntian Locris, an ancient region of central
\nGreece situated on the coast north of Boeotia opposite the island of Euboea. Ajax the
\nLesser was the leader of the Locrian forces
\nagainst Troy. (M.I.) Der: Locrian
\n<\/b>a 5:404-05. 407. 436, 442, 459, 469-70, 477-78, 480-81, 484<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLodge, Sir Oliver Sir Oliver Joseph Lodge
\n(1851-1940), English physicist, knighted in
\n1902. After 1910 he became prominent in
\npsychic research, believing strongly in the
\npossibility of communicating with the dead.
\nHe was involved in a serious endeavour to
\nreconcile science and religion. (Enc. Br.)
\nn 22:215<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLoghman<\/b> one of the local officials who dealt
\nwith the Hindu-Muslim riots at Jamalpur
\n<\/b>and
\nDewangunj in 1907. (A) a 1:331<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLokanatha<\/b> an epithet of many gods, meaning "Lord of the Universe", used
\n<\/b>here
\nperhaps as the name of a hill or of some
\nshrine on it. (M.W.) D 6:301, 320<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLokarahasya<\/i> a collection (1874) of eighteen
\narticles by Bankim Chandra (mostly satire
\nand wit) published in his monthly
\nBangadarshan.<\/i> (B.R.-II) a 17:346<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLolita’<\/b> in Hindu mythology, a nymph of
\nheaven, a 5:190<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLolita2 name<\/b> of one of the companions of
\nRadha.<\/b> a 8:280-81<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLolit Babu<\/b> one of the persons (a Bengali)
\nwhom Sri Aurobindo met at Srinagar during
\nhis visit to Kashmir in 1903. (A) a IV: 195<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLomaharsana<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> father of
\nSUTA and a member of the court of Yudhi-
\nshthira. He was, according to tradition, the
\nbard or panegyrist who first chanted the
\nPuranas. (Pur. Enc.; Dow.) a 4:53<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLombardy region of northern Italy, ex-
\ntending from the Swiss border to the Po and from the Ticino<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\n to the Minico River. The
\nregion was once the centre of the kingdom of
\nthe Lombards, after whom it was named. It
\nremained under Austrian rule from 1713 to
\n1796. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.) a 1:311, 505<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLondon capital of the United Kingdom and
\nthe centre of the Commonwealth of Nations, on both sides of the Thames at the head of
\ntidewater. It is the country’s largest port and
\nindustrial complex as well as its principal
\nfinancial, commercial, and industrial centre.
\n(Enc. Br.) Der: Londoner a l: 32, 190, 343, 365, 387-88, 465, 499, 544 2: 22.29, 76-77, 97, 112, 121, 160. 170-71, 346, 375, 385.394
\n3: 69, 455 4: 82, 177, 201-02, 248 5: 110
\n7: 1013, 1016 14: 9, 64 15: 80, 88, 265
\n17: 181, 295, 321-22 26: 1-2, 4-6, 81, 352, 367, 387 27: 25-26, 30-31, 33, 60 II: 18, 87
\nV: 100 XIV: 162-63 XVII: 66<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLondonderry<\/b> a city and county borough in
\nnorthern Ireland. (Enc. Br.) D <\/b> XXII: 127<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLondon Nocturne<\/i> title of a poem by Henry
\nRuffy. published in the American journal
\nPoetry, <\/i> that was quoted from or reproduced
\nin the second number of Shama’a.<\/i> Sri
\nAurobindo commented upon this poem at
\nsome length in his review of Shama’a<\/i> in
\nArya.<\/i> (A) n 17:321<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n(London) Times The Times<\/i> of London, newspaper started by John Walter in 1785
\nunder the name Daily Universal Register, <\/i> and
\nformally designated The Times<\/i> in 1788. In
\n1906 the control of the paper was secured by
\nAlfred Harmsworth. In January 1981 it was
\npurchased by the international publishing
\ntycoon, Rupert Murdoch. (Enc. Br.; The
\nHindu<\/i> ofc. 20 January 1981)
\nD 1:152-53.174, 242, 365-66, 499-500 2:121 26: 246 27: 60-61<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLongfellow, <\/b> Henry Wadsworth (1807-82), the most popular of American poets in the
\n19th century. He was besides, a professor of
\nmodern languages, having command of some
\nten languages. He was a national figure and
\nhis work was read all over the world. (Enc.
\nBr.; Col. Enc.) a 5: 345-46, 376-78, 380-82
\n9:398, 478 II: 27<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLonguemare, Father<\/b> a character – a pious
\npriest – in Anatole France’s Les Dieux ont
\nsoif.<\/i> (A) a 9: 557<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLopamudra<\/b> name of a girl mentioned in the
\nVeda. It is said that the sage Agastya formed
\nher from the most graceful parts of different
\nanimals (the eyes of a deer etc.) and secretly
\nintroduced her into the palace of the king of
\nVidarbha, where she was believed to be the daughter of the king. Agastya had made this
\ngirl with the object of having a wife after his
\nown heart. When she was marriageable, he
\ndemanded her hand, and the king was
\nobliged to yield. (Dow.) n 17:278 XV: 53<\/font> <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-189<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nLords, <\/b> House of or <\/b> Upper House (known in
\nBengali as Jamidar Sabha), the upper chamber of Great Britain’s bicameral legislature.
\nThe powers of the modern House of Lords
\nare extremely limited, but it is argued
\n<\/b>that it
\n<\/b>serves a valuable function by providing a<\/font><\/p>\n

national forum of debate free from the
\nconstraints of party discipline. The total
\nnumber of persons qualified to sit in the
\nHouse of Lords is upwards of 1, 000. (Enc.
\nBr.) n 1:575, 862-63 2:253-54, 267-70, 272, 298-300, 393 4: 212-13 <\/b> XXII: 133<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLords of the Flame according to theosophy, Adepts from Venus, transferred to our earth
\nin order to assist in the specially busy time
\njust before the "closing of the door", in the
\nmiddle of the fourth root-race. They are said
\nto have produced a wonderful effect upon
\nour evolution, and that a few still remain to
\nhold the highest offices of the Great White
\nBrotherhood (see<\/i> White Lodges) until the
\ntime when men of our own evolution shall
\nhave risen to such a height as to be capable
\nof relieving these august visitors. (Theos., pp. 15 and 58) i-i XIII: 33<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLorenzo di Medici (1449-92), Italian merchant prince, called Lorenzoil Magnifico.
\nHe was the virtual ruler of Florence. One of
\nthe towering figures of the Italian Renaissance, he was an astute politician, a patron
\nof the arts, literature and learning, and a
\nreputable scholar and poet. (Col. Enc.)
\na 14: 192<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLorraine<\/b> historic region of Europe, now part
\nof northeastern France. Its position between
\nFrance and Germany has made it share in
\nthe history of both countries. (Enc. Br.)
\na 15: 512<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLoti, Pierre<\/b> pen-name of Louis-Marie-Julien
\nViauc (1850-1923), French novelist, an
\nofficer in the French Navy. His novels, which
\nwere very popular, excel in accurate, exotic
\ndescription, though imbued with a Romantic
\npessimism. (Col. Enc.) D 17: 403-04<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLotos-Eaters<\/b><\/i> a poem by Tennyson that first
\ncame out in 1832. It has become an English
\nclassic. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) a 9:137, 173<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLotus and Dagger<\/b> a secret society of Indian
\nstudents in London of which Sri Aurobindo
\nbecame a member along with his brothers
\nshortly before his return to India, i.e. between October 1892 and January 1893.
\nThe society, however, was still-born.
\n(Purani;Auro-I;A) a 26:4<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nLouis <\/b> IX (1214-70), King of France (1226-
\n70), canonized as St. Louis. He was the most popular of the Capetian monarchs and one
\nof the most celebrated figures of medieval
\nhistory. In 1248 he led the Sixth Crusade to
\nthe Holy Land. In 1270 he embarked on
\nanother crusade to Tunisia, where he died.
\n(Enc. Br.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLouis XII<\/b> (1462-1515), King of France
\n(1498-1515). He was noted for his disastrous
\nItalian wars and his domestic popularity.
\n(Enc. Br.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLouis XIII<\/b> (1601 -43), King of France from
\n1610 to 1643. (Col. Enc.) n 16:324<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLouis XIV<\/b> (1638-1715), King of France
\n<\/b>from
\n1643 to 1715. His reign not only marked the
\napogee of the monarchial idea in politics, but
\nalso was a golden age for the arts. The glory
\nand prestige of Louis XIV earned him the
\nname of the Sun King. The king identified
\nwith his office to such an extent that it is
\ndifficult to find the individual. The phrase
\nthat characterised his reign was the royal
\n"L’etat, c’est moi" ("I am the state"). (Col.
\nEnc.; Enc. Br.; Enc. Am.) a 1:246, 435
\n3:224, 454 15:357, 421 16:324 111:28<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLouis XVI<\/b> (1754-93), King of France, grandson of Louis XV whom he succeeded
\nin 1774. His character was unsuited for the
\nexercise of the strong government which
\nFrance needed in that critical time. (Col.
\nEnc.) a 1:336.420 16:324<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLouis, Sir<\/b> See<\/i> Dane, Sir Louis<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLouis<\/b> Napoleon Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, or Napoleon III (1808-73), Emperor of
\nFrance (1852-70). He gave his country two
\ndecades of prosperity under a stable, authoritarian government, and revived its prestige
\nin Europe, but finally led it to defeat in the
\nFranco-German War (1870-71). (Enc. Br.;<\/font><\/p>\n

Col. Enc.) a 3:480 4:215<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLourdes<\/b> name of a person whose illness, in
\n<\/b>its progressive stages, was seen by Sri
\nAurobindo with his power of [rikaladrsti
\n<\/i>(direct knowledge of the past, present
\n<\/b>and
\n<\/b>future). (A) 1-1 XIX: 50<\/font><\/p>\n

\nLove and Death<\/i> one of Sri Aurobindo’s
\nlonger poems written in June-July 1899
\nand first published in 1921. The powerful
\ninfluence of Marpessa<\/i> and Christ in Hades,
\n<\/i>which he read at the age of seventeen, <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-190<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nwas<\/font><\/p>\n

\t\tworked out in this poem. The central idea of
\nthe narrative is taken from the story of Ruru
\nand Pramadvara told in the Mahabharata.
\n<\/i>(A;I&G) D 5:258 26:254, 256, 264-68, 270-71, 273-74, 276, 311<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLowes, Livingstone<\/b> John Livingstone Lowes, an English critic whose most famous books
\nare: Convention and Revolt in Poetry<\/i> and
\nTheRoadtoXanadu.<\/i> a 9:442<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLoxias<\/b> an epithet of Apollo meaning
\n"crooked" or "ambiguous". Apollo was the
\ngod who interpreted the will of Zeus to men, but his prophecies were often cryptic and
\nmisunderstood. (M.I.) a 5:454<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLoyola, <\/b> St. Ignatius (1491-1556) of Spain;<\/font><\/p>\n

one of the most influential figures in the
\nCounter-Reformation of the 16th century, the founder of the Society of Jesus
\n(Jesuits). (Enc. Br.). o 22:417<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLucan<\/b> Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (AD 39-
\n65), Latin poet, a Republican patriot who
\nwas forced to kill himself when his part in a
\nplot against Emperor Nero was discovered.
\nHis poetry has a kind of vigorous beauty and
\ngrandeur which gave him a high place in the
\nesteem of later writers. (Col. Enc.)
\nD 9:387<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLucifer<\/b> 1. in classical mythology, the planet
\nVenus as the morning star, personified as a
\nmale figure bearing a torch. He had almost
\nno legends, but in poetry he was often herald
\nof the dawn. In Christian times Lucifer came
\nto be regarded as the name of Satan before
\nhis fall. It was thus used by Milton in Paradise
\nLost.<\/i> 2. a character – the Angel of Power –
\nin Sri Aurobindo’s play The Birth of Sin.
\n<\/i>(Enc.Br.;A) o 5:69-72, 587 7:901, 903-05<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLucifer<\/b> Lucifer in Starlight, <\/i> a sonnet by
\nGeorge Meredith. (A) a 26:264<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLucknow<\/b> an important city of U.P., on the
\nRiver Gomti. It is the capital of the state of
\nUttar Pradesh, formerly known as the
\nUnited Provinces (ofAgra and Avadh).
\na 1:891<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLucrece<\/b> The Rape ofLucrece<\/i> (1594), one of
\nthe principal poems of Shakespeare, which
\nhe dedicated to his patron Henry Wriothes-
\nley. (Ox. Comp.) n 3:252<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLucretius’<\/b> (c. 99 – c. 55 BC) , Latin poet and
\nphilosopher. His one great didactic work De
\nRerum Natura<\/i> sets forth, in hexameter verse, arguments founded upon the philosophical
\nideas of Democritus and Epicurus. "Lucre-
\ntius’ work lives only, in spite of the majestic
\nenergy behind it, by its splendid digressions
\ninto pure poetry" (9:32). (Col. Enc.) Der: Lucretian<\/b> D 9:32, 82, 212, 320, 479, 521 <\/b>13:<\/font><\/p>\n

\n198 <\/b>26:262 <\/b>29:800, 815<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLucretius2<\/b> the main figure of the dramatic
\nmonologue Luctretius<\/i> (1868) by Alfred
\nTennyson. (Enc. Br.) D 14:386<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/td>\n

\n

\nLudwig<\/b> (often known in English as Lewis);<\/font><\/p>\n

either Ludwig I, King of Bavaria from 1825
\nto 1848, or Ludwig II, King of Bavaria from
\n1864 to 1886. Ludwig I is best known as an
\noutstanding patron of the arts, who trans-
\nformed Munich into the artistic centre of
\nGermany. Ludwig II was talented, liberal
\nand romantic, but of an eccentricity border-
\ning on madness; he died insane. He was a
\npatron of WAGNER. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)
\nn 3:264 X:147<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLuilla<\/b> name of a girl in Sri Aurobindo’s
\nstory "The Golden Bird", a 7:1052-54<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLuke Walter<\/b> a character in Sri Aurobindo’s
\nstory "The Devil’s Mastiff, a 7:1047-49, 1051<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLunar dynasty<\/b> (CHANDRA VANSA) in
\npre-historic India, the lineage or race of
\nKshatriyas which claims descent from the
\nMoon. It is divided into two great branches, the Yadavas and the Pauravas, descended
\nrespectively from Yadu and Puru. Krishna
\nbelonged to the line of Yadu, and Dushyanta
\nwith the Kuru and Pandu princes to the line
\nof Puru. (Dow.) a 10:34 27:152<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLunar World<\/b> See<\/i> Chandraloka<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLuther, Martin (1483-1546) of Germany, biblical scholar, linguist, and founder of the
\n16th-century Protestant Reformation. In
\nGermany, his socio-religious concepts laid a
\nnew basis for German society. (Enc. Br.;<\/font><\/p>\n

Col. Enc.) a <\/b>14:191 XIV: 127<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLuxman<\/b> See<\/i> Lakshmana<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLuxmie<\/b> See<\/i> Lakshmi<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLyceum Club<\/b> club named after Lyceum, the
\nAthenian school established by Aristotle in
\n335 BC in a grove sacred to Apollo Lyceius.
\n(Enc.Br.) D 2:29<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLycia <\/b>an ancient district of southern Asia
\nMinor, a mountainous coastal region
\nbounded on the northwest by Caria. In the
\nTrojan War the Lycians under the command
\nof Sarpedon (who has already been slain in
\nIlion)<\/i> were allies of Troy. (M.I.) Der:<\/font><\/p>\n

Lycian<\/b> a 5:393.405-06, 418, 461, 514<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLycidas<\/i> pastoral elegy by John Milton, written in November 1637 on the occasion of
\nthe death of Edward King, his college friend.
\nThe poem is considered one of the finest
\npoems of its kind in English. (Ene. Br.)
\na 9:522 26:246, 258-60 29:792, 797-98<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLycomedes in Greek legend, a king of
\nSCYROS to whose court Achilles was sent by
\nhis mother Thetis to hide among the women, in a vain attempt to prevent his being slain in
\nthe Trojan War, a fate ordained for <\/font><\/p>\n

\nhim by
\nthe gods. There he was found, however, by
\nOdysseus and enlisted to join the Greeks
\nagainst Troy. <\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-191<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\n(M.I.) n 5:489<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLycurgus traditional name of the reformer
\nof the Spartan constitution. According to a
\nstandard hypothesis he lived in the 7th century BC. He led a reform in the government
\nand in the city’s social system to establish a
\nmachine of war which would preclude
\ntrouble from the helots and other subjects.
\nLycurgus may be mythical. (Col. Enc.)
\nDer: Lycurgan D 15:405, 425 27:279<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLyra a small northern constellation between
\nHercules and Cygnus. It contains a star of
\nthe first magnitude and two stars of the third
\nmagnitude. (Enc. Br.) a 12:475 27:262, 333<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLyrical Ballads<\/i> a collection of poems by
\nWordsworth and Coleridge of which the first
\nedition appeared in 1798, the second with
\nnew poems and a preface in 1800, and the
\nthird in 1802. (Ox. Comp.) a i: 9<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nLysander<\/b> (d. 395 BC-), military and political
\nleader who won the final victory for Sparta
\nin the Peloponnesian War and wielded great
\npower throughout Greece at its close. Nothing
\nis known of his early career. (Enc. Br.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct.’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nM<\/a><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nM 1. In SABCL (Vol. 27, pp. 426-98), used<\/font><\/p>\n

for Motilal Roy. 2. In the Record of Yoga, mostly used for Moni, i.e., Suresh Chandra
\nChakravarti; only at one or two places used
\nfor Motilal Roy or the Mother.<\/font><\/p>\n

\nM., Dr. Dr. Manila! Lallubhai Parekh
\n(1885-1957) of Baroda. He was a regular
\nvisitor to the Ashram from August 1931, and
\nwas one of the doctors who attended on Sri
\nAurobindo after the accident to his leg in
\nNovember 1938. Dr. Manilal also parti-
\ncipated in the conversations which Sri
\nAurobindo had with his attendants. These
\nconversations, as recorded by Dr. Nirod-baran, have since been published in Mother
\nIndia<\/i> (from August 1960) as "Talks with Sri
\nAurobindo".
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMaagadh<\/b> relating to <\/b>(or born or living in)<\/font>
\n<\/font><\/b>
\nthe country known as MAGADHA, or that which is
\ncustomary<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\n among the Magadhas.
\nn 8: 42-43, 47 , ’50, 52, 58<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMacaulay’, <\/b> Thomas Babington (1800-59), English historian, parliamentarian (a Whig
\norator) and author. His Lays of Ancient
\nRome<\/i> (1842) made him a popular poet, but
\nhe never attained major rank. Macaulay was
\nLaw Member of the Indian Supreme Council
\n(1834-38). In his Minute on Education of
\n1835 he claimed that "a single shelf of a
\ngood European library was worth the whole
\nnative literature of India and Arabia", and
\nthat because "we have to educate a people
\nwho at present cannot be educated by means
\nof their mother tongue", the English lan-
\nguage and English literature should be the
\nbasis of education in India. (Col. Enc.;<\/font><\/p>\n

Gilbert, p. 132) o l: 50, 176 3:108 9:19, 474 26:6<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMacaulay2<\/b> a certain superior of Bankim
\nChandra Chatterji in Government service.
\n(A) n 3:85<\/font><\/p>\n

\nMacbeth principal character – a general of
\nKing Duncan’s army – in Shakespeare’s
\ntragedy of the same name. Encouraged by
\nhis wife, Macbeth murders Duncan and
\nbecomes king. He also has assassins
\neliminate other innocent people, but
\nultimately is slain by his enemies.
\nHistorically, Macbeth was King of Scotland
\nfrom 1040 to 1057. (Shakes.) a 3:302, 306 9:303, 333 17:96 22:469 26:332 1:40<\/font><\/p>\n

\nMacbeth<\/i> a tragedy by Shakespeare, belonging to the third group of his plays
\n(1601-09), first performed in 1605-06. It is
\none of the most poetic of Shakespeare’s
\ntragedies. See also the previous entry. (Enc.
\nBr.) n 9:72, 169 12:41<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMacCabe<\/b> Chief Engineer of the Calcutta
\nCorporation around 1906. (A) a 1:194<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMacDonald, Ramsay James Ramsay
\nMacDonald (1866-1937). British statesman, first Labour Party Prime Minister of England
\nin 1924 and again from 1929 to 1931 and in
\nthe national coalition Government of 1931-
\n35. He joined the Labour Party in 1894 and
\nbecame its leader in 1911. First elected to
\nthe Parliament in 1906, he came to India
\non a tour in 1909, at which time he met Sri
\nAurobindo. (Enc. Br.) D 2:285-86 4:206, 220-21, 225<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMacdonnell, Sir Antony Antony Patrick
\nMacdonnell (1844-1925), British Government
\nadministrator. He entered the I.C.S. in 1865, and was recalled to England in 1902 to<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-192<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nbecome Under-Secretary of State for Ireland.
\nHe served in that capacity until his resigna-
\ntion in 1908, in which year he was raised to
\nthe peerage. (Enc. Am.) Q 1:367<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMacedon(ia) Macedon was an ancient
\ncountry north of Thessaly and bordering on
\nthe northwestern Aegean, not originally a
\npart of Greece. Modern Macedonia is the
\ncentral part of the Balkan Peninsula lying
\nastride the frontiers of southern Yugoslavia
\n(Serbia until 1918), northern Greece and
\nnorthwestern Bulgaria (both since 1913).
\n(Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.; M.I.) Der: Mace-
\ndonian a 2:168-69 3:10, 199, 265 5:419
\n6:349-50, 399, 418-19, 421.429, 431-32 10:555
\n14:328 15:287, 343, 367 16:90 27:485 11:7
\n111:22 VI: 164 X:148 XX: 147-48 XXI: 2<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMachiavelli, <\/b> Nicolo (1469-1527), Italian
\nwriter, statesman, Florentine patriot
\n<\/b>and
\n<\/b>original political theorist whose acute
\npsychological observations brought him a
\nreputation of amoral cynicism. He is the
\nauthor of \/\/ principe (see<\/i> "Prince, the") in
\nwhich unscrupulous statecraft is advocated.
\nThe word "Machiavel" has come to mean
\nunscrupulous schemer, one who practises
\nduplicity in statecraft. (Enc. Br.; <\/b> C.O.D.) Der: Machiavel; Machiavellian; Machia-
\nvellianism<\/b> a 1:158, 288, 579, 631, 722, 742, 834 2:162-65, 167, 243, 333 <\/b> 3: 480 <\/b> 14: 170, 328, 374 27: 52 <\/b> I: 7
\nIII: <\/b>7<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMackamess a Liberal who in 1909 intro-
\nduced a bill in the British Parliament to
\namend the Regulation of 1818 and safeguard
\nthe liberties of the subjects in India. He also
\ncarried on an energetic campaign in the
\nParliament for the release of the deportees.
\n(A) n 1:420 2:53-56.79, 161, 170, 234<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMackenzie, Alexander<\/b> (1842-1902), Lt.
\nGovernor of Bengal (Dec. 1895-April
\n1898). He joined the I.C.S. in 1862. He took
\nthe initiative in implementing the constitu-
\ntion of the Calcutta Corporation, a 2: 203<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMacmillan’s Magazine<\/b><\/i> a representative
\nBritish literary magazine published from 1859
\nto 1907. (H.L., p.262) n 27:352<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMacpherson, James (1736-96), Scottish poet
\nwhose initiation of the Ossianic controversy
\nhas obscured his genuine contribution to
\nGaelic studies. See also<\/i> Ossian controversy.
\n(Enc.Br.) a <\/b> n: ll, l8<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMcTaggart John McTaggart Ellis (1866-
\n1925), British Hegelian philosopher. (Enc.
\nBr.) D 23: 770-75<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadame Bovary<\/b> the
\n<\/b>chief character in a
\n<\/b>French novel (1857) of the same name, written by Gustave Flaubert (1821-80). The
\nnovel is a realistic picture of small-town
\nbourgeois life. (Ox. Comp.) n 3:307<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadan<\/b> See<\/i> Kama(deva)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadan Mohan<\/b> See<\/i> Malaviya, Madan Mohan<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\nMadanpalli<\/b> This is apparently a misreading
\nof the manuscript where some letters of the
\nword are illegible. (Madanpalli is a town in
\nChittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, not in
\nthe former French territory.) The word may
\nbe "Mudrapallian". a hamlet in Thattanchavadi village, adjacent to the town of
\nPondicherry on the road to Madras. (S.L.R.)
\na 27: 449<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadgodkar<\/b> a Marathi <\/b> merchant from whom
\nSri Aurobindo expected money at Pondi-
\ncherry in 1913(?). (L.toSl.)
\na 27: 432<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhai<\/b> See<\/i> Jagai (and) Madhai<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhava’<\/b> a name of Krishna or Vishnu.
\n(Dow.) l-l [Indexed with Krishna]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhava2<\/b> See<\/i> Madhva <\/b> II: 67<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhavasen(a)<\/b> in Kalidasa’s drama
\nMdlavikagnimitram, <\/i> Agnimitra’s cousin
\n(father’s brother’s son). (A)
\nVar: Madhavsena<\/b> n 8:144 X: 116, 124<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhavdas<\/b> a saint living at Malsar on the
\nbanks of the Narmada. Sri Aurobindo denied
\nhaving had any contact with him during his
\nstayatBaroda. (A) a 26:19<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhavrao<\/b> Madhavrao Jadhav, brother of
\nKhaserao Jadhav and an intimate friend of
\nSri Aurobindo’s. (A) n I: 70, 72<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhavsena<\/b> See<\/i> Madhavasen(a)<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhavya<\/b> a character – the Vidusaka – in
\nKalidasa’s drama Abhijndna Sakuntalam.
\n<\/i>(M.W.) D <\/b> X: 175<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadh(o)u<\/b> in Hindu mythology, one of the
\ntwo horrible Daitya brothers slain by Vishnu.
\n5eeKaitabh(a). (Dow.) D 3:201 8:43, 325-26.343, 352-54, 405 12: 416<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhuchchhandas (Vaishwamitra)<\/b> a Vedic
\nRishi, the reputed author of the first ten
\nhymns of the Rig-veda.<\/i> According to the
\nAitareya Brahmana<\/i> he was the fifty-first
\nson of Visvamitra. (V. Index)
\nVar: Madhuchchhanda(s) Vaisvamitra<\/b> or
\nVaiswamitri<\/b> a 10:56, 65-66, 75, 80, 90, 94-96, 113, 119-20, -128, 134, 137-38, 249-50, 253, 457, 492. 495-96, 501 11: 39, 439, 459 <\/b> II: 35, 37 XIV: 133 XV: 3-4, 7, 11, 14, 30-31, 39-44, 48
\nXVI: 146-47, 156, 158-59, 161, 165, 169-70, 176, 178 XVII: 14-15, 18-19, 32, 50, 56-60<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhura-Kavi<\/b> a Vaishnava bhakta and poet
\nof South India, a disciple of Nammalwar. He
\nis counted among the twelve Alwars, although<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-193<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nhe himself did not sing of the Divine but
\ncomposed only ten stanzas about his guru.
\na 17:373-74<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhus(h)udan<\/b> "slayer of the Daitya
\nMadhu"; an epithet of Vishnu and also of
\nKrishna who is looked upon as a full mani-
\nfestation of Vishnu. (Dow.)
\nD [Indexed with Krishna]<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhusudan (Dutt)<\/b> See<\/i>
\n<\/b>Dutt, (Michael)
\n<\/b>Madhusudan<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhva (c. 1199 – c. 1278), Hindu philo-
\nsopher and religious teacher, exponent of
\nDwaita (Dualism). He was a worshipper of
\nVishnu. (Enc. Br.) Var: Madhwa;<\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

Madhava (II: 67-a misspelling) a l: 714
\n3: 214 4: 43 14: 21, 132, 308 16: 342
\n22: 93 26: 135 27: 304 U:<\/b> 67 IV: 168
\nVIII: 185 XIV: 139<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadhyamika<\/b> an important school in the
\nMahayana Buddhist tradition. It takes its
\nname "intermediate" from the fact that it
\nsought a middle position between the realism
\nof Sarvastivada (All Exists) and the idealism
\nof the Yogacara (Mind Only) schools. The
\nmost renowned Madhyamika thinker was
\nNagarjuna (2nd cent. AD), who developed
\nthe doctrine that all is void (Sunya-vada).
\n(Enc. Br.) a 27: 341 IV: 166<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadra<\/b> name of an ancient country and its
\npeople in northwestern India, mentioned in
\nthe Mahabaharata.<\/i> The territory extended
\nfrom the River Beas to the Chenab or
\nperhaps as far as the Jhelum. Savitri’s father
\nAsvapati was king of this country. (Dow.;<\/font><\/p>\n

M.N.) Der: Madran
\n<\/b>a 3:191, 193
\n<\/b>29:402, 417, 466, 719<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadras a city created by the English in
\nIndia. The Presidency of Madras, of which
\nthe city of Madras was the capital, extended
\nover the whole of the eastern coast of India
\nfrom the Orissa frontier to Cape Comorin.
\nIn independent India, as a result of the
\nreorganization of the states on a linguistic
\nbasis in 1956, the "state" of Madras was
\nconfined to the Tamil-speaking area and
\nrenamed Tamil Nadu, with the city of
\nMadras continuing as its capital. Madras
\nplayed an important part in the history of the
\nCongress, and was the venue of its annual
\nsession as many as seven times. (D.I.H.)
\nDer: Madras! a 1:112, 193, 195, 223, 227, 262, 338, 359, 363, 434, 475, 482, 498, 572, 591, 593, 617, 675-76, 678, 681, 687, 715, 725-26, 742, 745, 761, 778, 793, 796-97, 802, 805, 815, 817
\n2: 76, 80, 102, 121, 128, 152, 176, 178, 244, 246, 295, 309, 329-30 3: 98, 328
\n4: 140, 179, 186, 190-91, 199, 203, 225, 238, 268, 283, 296
\n17: 291 22: 166 24: 1388 26: 40, 60, 168, 365, 393, 410, 429, 506 27:35, 40-42, 54, 59, 120, 426, 431-32, 439, 449, 469, 477, 500-01 <\/b> X: 186
\nXV: 61 XIX: 25<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\n

\n(Madras) Mail<\/b><\/i> English daily newspaper
\n(founded in 1868) published from Madras.
\nThe Madras Times<\/i> was later incorporated in
\nit. (Cal.Lib.) a 1:865 26:377<\/font><\/p>\n

(Madras) Standard<\/i> English daily of Madras;<\/font><\/p>\n

\nin 1917 it was purchased by Annie Besant
\nwho changed its name to New India.
\n<\/i>(V.V.S., p. 148) a 1: 192, 194, 363, 778<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadras Times<\/i> Anglo-Indian (English) daily
\nof Madras, founded in 1860. It was edited
\n(c. 1911) by W. F. Grahame. (Cal. Lib.)
\na 27: 500-01<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadravatie<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> daughter of
\nthe king of Madra, second wife of Pandu, and mother of Nakula and Sahadeva. She
\nwas also known as Madrie<\/b> (Madri). (Dow.;<\/font><\/p>\n

M.N.) a 3:207-08 8:59-60 IV: 115-16<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadrid<\/b> capital of Spain and of Madrid
\nprovince. It is the highest in altitude among
\nEuropean capitals, and is situated almost at
\nthe centre of the Iberian Peninsula. (Enc.
\nBr.) a 7:862<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadrie<\/b> See<\/i> Madravatie<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMadura<\/b> a very ancient city of South India. It
\nwas the capital of the Pandya kingdom in the
\n1st century AD. Now called Madurai it still
\nenjoys a reputation for cotton fabrics, and is
\nalso famous for its magnificent temples.
\n(D.I.H.) a 14:213 17:373<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMaecenas, <\/b> Gaius Cilnius (c. 70 BC – 8 BC) , diplomat, counsellor to the Roman emperor
\nAugustus, and patron of letters whose
\ncapacity for loyal friendship gave him
\nconsiderable influence in early Imperial
\nRome. He was a patron and friend of
\nHorace and Virgil. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 5:562<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMaeonides a name sometimes applied to
\nHomer, either because Maeonia was an
\nancient name for Lydia where Homer was
\nsupposed to have been born, or because he
\nwas said to be the son of one Maeon.
\n(O.C.C.L.) a 26:245 29:791, 807<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nMaeterlinck, <\/b> Maurice (Polydore-Marie-
\nBernard) (1862-1949), Belgian Symbolist
\npoet and playwright whose rhythmic prose
\ndramas are the outstanding works of the
\nSymbolist theatre. The most famous Belgian
\nwriter of his day, he wrote in French and
\nwon the 1911 Nobel Prize in literature.
\n(Enc.Br.) a 9:7, 107<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-194<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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