{"id":3579,"date":"2013-07-13T01:49:43","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=3579"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:49:43","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:43","slug":"08-glossary-and-index-page-54-to-56-vol-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/02-other-editions\/glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works\/08-glossary-and-index-page-54-to-56-vol-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","title":{"rendered":"-08_Glossary and Index Page 54 to 56.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n\n
\n

\nearned him the sobriquet "Member for
\nIndia". (Enc. Am.; Col. Enc.)  1:343 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBradlaugh Hall<\/b> a hall located in Lahore in
\nthe Punjab (now in Pakistan), with a seating
\ncapacity of about 3000. It was the venue of
\na convention of the Moderates held in
\nDecember 1909. (A)  2:329-30 4:237 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBradley, <\/b> Francis Herbert (1846-1924), influential English philosopher of the
\nabsolute Idealist school, which based its
\ndoctrines on the thought of the German
\nphilosopher Hegel and considered mind as a
\nmore fundamental feature of the universe
\nthan matter. (Enc. Br.)  22:158, 160 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahma<\/b> (Brahma), in the late Vedic
\nperiod, one of the major gods of Hinduism, the first member of the Hindu Triad, whose
\nother two members, Vishnu and Shiva, enjoy
\nmuch more popular worship. He is the Creator, "the Eternal’s Personality of Existence"
\n(17:47). (The name Brahma is not found in
\nthe Vedas or the Brahmanas, in which the
\nactive creator is known as Hiranya-garbha, Prajapati, Brahmanaspati etc.). Brahma is
\nsaid to have been born from a golden egg, and, in turn, to have created the Earth and
\nall things on it. Later myths describe him as
\nhaving come forth from a lotus that issued
\nfrom Vishnu’s navel. He is therefore often
\ndepicted as seated on a lotus. (Note: Brahma, the nominative of the masculine
\nnoun Brahman, is not to be confused with
\nBrahman, the neuter noun, which is the
\nultimate reality of the universe.) (Dow.; Enc.Br.)  2:148 3:358, 452 5:40, 80, 253, 302 7: 808, 1008 8: 32-33, 126, 399
\n10: 137, 306-07, 310, 312, 334-35 11: 3, 81, 445, 455 12: 39, 168, 269, 323, 367, 373, 381, 416, 448, 506-07 13: 85, 264, 283, 365-66, 374, 376-77, 413 14:137, 151, 340 15:5 16:319, 360 17:47-48, 59, 98 20:365 22:342, 390-91
\n23: 977 27: 152, 159 29:525 I: 41 VI:193
\nVII: 73 XII: 174 XVI: 134, 146 XVIII: 140 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmabandhab<\/b> See <\/i>Upadhyay(a), Brahmabandhab <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmaloka; Brahman-world<\/b> theflrstof the
\neight lokas or regions of material existence
\nrecognised by the Sankhya and Vedanta
\nschools of philosophy. According to Sri
\nAurobindo it is (1) the "world of the Brahman in which it [the soul] is one with the
\ninfinite existence and yet in a sense still a
\nsoul able to enjoy differentiation in the
\noneness" (12: 225) and (2) "the condition of
\nbeing near to HIRANYAGARBHA in the causal
\nbody" (12: 467). (Dow.; A)  4:58, 310 12:225-26, 460, 466-68, 477 13:80 18:23, 257 20:485 22:110 24:1484-85 26:114
\n11:76, 78-80
\n<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nBrahmana<\/b> I. a variant of BRAHMIN 2. See
\n<\/i>Brahmana(s) <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmananda<\/b> a yogi who was living at
\nGanganath temple on the banks of the
\nNarmada, near Chandod, when Sri
\nAurobindo visited him for darshan and
\nblessings in the beginning of 1905. Brahmananda passed away shortly
\nthereafter. (Purani;A&R)  23:612
\n26:18-20, 50-51, 352-53 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmananda, Swami<\/b> (1863-1922), the first
\npresident of the Sri Ramakrishna Mission, born Rakhal Chandra. After coming in contact with Sri Ramakrishna, he renounced
\nthe worldly life and became a sannyasi.
\n(S.B.C.)  26:63-64 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmana(s)<\/b> prose commentaries on the
\n.Vedas, explaining the significance of the
\nVedas with regard to the ritual sacrifices and
\nthe symbolic import of the priests’ actions.
\nTheir principal concern is with the sacrifice, and they are the oldest extant sources for
\nthe history of Indian ritual. According to
\nWestern scholars the Brahmanas belong to
\nthe period 900-700 BC. (Enc.Br.) Der: <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmanic<\/b>  3: 116, 170, 296 4: 21 9: 18 10: 2-4, 11-13, 15, 19, 122, 155, 215, 333, 441 11: 1, 5, 469, 471, 475 12: 401, 410, 448
\n13:475 14:150, 261, 274 15:3 17:337 VI: 169 VIII: 143 X: 160 XV: 7, 20-21 XVI: 132, 138, 156, 167 XVII: 30-32, 35-36 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmanaspati<\/b> a Rig-vedic deity who is the
\nLord of the divine Word (Brahman); the
\nCreator (by the Word); the Vedic original of
\nthe later Puranic Brahma. He evokes the
\nworlds. (M.W.-J&G) o 4:30 10:159, 172, 259, 306-07, 334-35, 337, 343, 438, 522
\n11:3, 28, 33 17:85 XIV: 108, 110 XVI: 173 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmaputra<\/b> a major stream of central and
\nsouth Asia, having a total length of 1800 miles. Flowing across Tibet, Arunachal
\nPradesh, and Assam it passes through
\nBangladesh to the Bay of Bengal, where it
\nforms, with the Ganga and Meghna rivers, a
\nvast delta. (Enc.Br.) Var: Brahmapootra a 9:145, 376 1:22 VII: 30 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahma<\/b> Samaj See<\/i> Brahmo (Samaj) Brahmasutras<\/i> or
\nVedanta Sutras, <\/i> one of
\nthe main texts of Vedanta philosophy by
\nBadarayana or Vyasa. It is an aphoristic work consisting of 555 sentences which
\nare difficult to fathom without the help of a commentary. Many commentaries
\nexist, <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-54<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\namong which Shankaracharya’s, an important
\nwork of the Advaita school of Vedanta, is
\nthe most famous. (Dow.; Enc. Br.; I & G)  12:427 13:398 14:181 17:292 27:304 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmavarta<\/b> ancient name of a place of
\nHindu pilgrimage in the region of Kurukshetra in North India. In mythology, it
\ndenoted the area lying between the rivers Saraswati and Drishadwati, both of which
\ncannot be precisely identified. (M.N.; D.I.H.)  3:204-05 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmin<\/b> a member (Dwija)<\/b> of the first or
\nhighest class of the ancient Chaturvama of
\nIndia which unlike its present degenerated
\nform, the caste system, where a son of a
\nBrahmin is always a Brahmin was based
\nupon the idea that man falls by his nature
\ninto four types. The economic order of
\nsociety was in the form and gradation of
\nthese types. Calm, self-control, askesis, purity, candour, learning etc. were the
\ncharacteristic qualities of the Brahmin.
\nThe Brahmin class gave the community its
\npriests, thinkers, men of letters, legislators, scholars, religious leaders and guides. The
\nconnotation of the term has been extended
\nby Sri Aurobindo to cover such classes in
\nother countries also. (A) Var: Brahmana
\nDer: Brahmanic; Brahmanical; Brahmanya;<\/b> Brahmanyam; Brahmatej(as); Brahminhood;<\/b>
\nBrahminic; Brahminical; Brahminicide;<\/b> Brahminism <\/b>1:66, 125, 145-46, 148, 235, 301, 315, 537, 598, 632-33, 646, 759, 772, 817 2:11-13, 29, 84, 89, 180, 265, 358-59, 396, 426-27 3:30, 79, 111-12, 143, 171, 180, 338, 452 4:15, 22, 24, 38, 58, 70, 98-99, 140, 166, 193-94, 252, 268, 306-07, 319
\n5:78, 85, 283 6:293 7:926, 932, 939, 942, 948, 956-57, 999 8: 9, 19, 29, 34, 53-55, 57, 65, 67-68, 72, 82, 92, 254 10:5, 160, 352 11:451-52
\n12:238, 253, 323, 326, 441-42, 455 13:81, 189, 193, 320, 492, 494, 496-98, 505-06 14:17, 52, 111, ‘
\n131, 146, 189, 280, 316, 324-26, 329, 331, 342, 347, 349-51, 355-56, 359 15:4-5, 7-8, 17, 117-18, 269-70, 353-55, 424, 430, 463-64 17:100, 121-22, 211, 393 21:714-15 22:154, 404, 433, 486-87
\n23:795 26:130 27:359, 362-63, 454, 460 1:27, 57 11:61, 63, 66 111:5, 8, 13, 16 IV: 171, 193 V:2 VI: 157-59 IX: 29-30 XIII: 35 XV: 73 XVI: 170 XVIII: 134, 136 XIX: 5,
\n7 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrahmo (Samaj)<\/b> a nineteenth-century, quasi-Protestant, theistic movement within
\nthe fold of Hinduism, founded in Calcutta
\n<\/b>in
\n<\/b>1828 by Raja Rammohan Roy. A member
\nof the Samaj was known as a Brahmo. The
\nmovement soon spread throughout Bengal and also in other provinces. Brahmo Samaj
\ndid not accept the authority of the Vedas, discarded Hindu ritual and adopted some
\nChristian practices in its worship. It
\n<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\ndenounced polytheism, idol worship, and the caste
\nsystem. But  after some time there arose
\ndifferences among the Brahmos and in the
\n1860s and 1870s the society broke up into
\ntwo and then three bodies with slightly
\ndifferent names: (1) the "Adi Brahmo
\nSamaj" of Debendranath Tagore, (2) the
\n"Brahmo Samaj of India" led by Keshab
\nSen, and (3) the "Sadharan Brahmo Samaj", an offshoot of No. 2 formed by members
\nwho broke with Keshab Sen in 1878. The
\nBrahmo movement had considerable success
\nwith its programmes of social reform but has
\nnever had a significant popular following.
\n(Enc. Br.; Gordon) Var: Brahma Samaj 1:190, 314, 495, 654 3:99-100 4:250, 318, 320 14:418 27:46, 62.496
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBraja<\/b> name given to a region in the Yamuna
\nvalley in Uttar Pradesh which includes
\nMathura, Vrindavan and other smaller holy
\ntowns and villages associated by Vaishnava
\ndevotees with the lives of Krishna and
\nRadha. (D.I.H.) n 8:248, 285, 301 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrajamohan College<\/b> a national educational
\ninstitution which was run by Aswini Kumar
\nDutt at Barisal in Bengal (now in Bangladesh); "a model for any educational institution in the world". (A) a 2:89 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrajendra Kishore Brajendra Kishore Roy
\nChoudhury (18847-1957), one of the greatest zamindars of East Bengal, belonging to Gauripore in Mymensingh district. The
\nSwadeshi movement flourished very much in
\nhis zamindari. Although obliged to remain in
\nthe background, he promoted the national. ist movement by helping some of its key
\nfigures. He also donated munificently to the
\ncause of education. (D.N.B.) a 1:156 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrati-Samity<\/b> an association of national
\nvolunteers at Faridpur in East Bengal. It was
\ndeclared unlawful in January 1909 along with
\nsome other associations. (A; P.T.I.; R.O.H.)  1:376 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrazil<\/b> a country in northern and eastern
\nSouth America occupying nearly half the
\ncontinent. (Enc. Br.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27] <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBreci<\/b> an Italian regicide. The judge of his
\ncase, instead of ordering him to be hanged, gave him seven years’ solitary imprisonment.
\nWithin a year Breci went mad. (A)
\n0 4:278 <\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-55<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nBreton<\/b> native of Brittany, a historic province
\nof France, a 1:38, 526 15:291, 310 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBreton<\/b> (language) a member of the
\nBrythonic group of Celtic languages, spoken in Brittany in northwestern France
\nby about one million persons. It was introduced into France in the 5th and 6th
\ncenturies by Celtic refugees displaced from southern England by the influx of
\nAnglo-Saxons. Two standardised forms of Breton were developed in the
\nmid-20th century in attempts to encourage
\nthe literary development of the language; but
\nthe French government encourages the use
\nof French rather than Breton, and the number of Breton-speakers is declining. (Enc.
\nBr.) n 15:480, 496 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBriareus<\/b> also called Aegaeon, in Greek
\n<\/b>mythology, one of the three 100-armed
\n<\/b>and
\n<\/b>50-headed monsters, the sons of the deities
\nUranus and Ge. (Enc. Br.) n 9:317 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBridges, Robert Robert (Seymour) Bridges
\n(1844-1930), English poet laureate from
\n1913 until his death, noted for his technical
\nmastery of prosody and for his sponsorship
\nof the poetry of his friend Gerard Manley
\nHopkins. Bridges produced short lyrics, long
\npoems, plays in verse, and critical studies of
\nMilton and Keats. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) Der: Bridgean; Bridgesean  5:344, 358, 551-52 9:395, 399-400 26:306 11:29-31 <\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\nBrigida<\/b> a character  cousin of Ismenia  in
\nSri Aurobindo’s play The Maid in the Mill.
\n0<\/i> 7:821, 825, 827, 829.837-41, 848-49, 851-54, 856-61, 863, 865, 870-79 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrihadaranyaka<\/b><\/i> an Upanishad ascribed to
\nthe sage Yajnavalkya. It belongs to the
\nShukia<\/i> (White) Yajurveda, to<\/i> the Kanvi
\nbranch of its Vajasaneyi Brahmana.
\n(Up. K.) Var: Brihadaranyakopanishad;<\/i><\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrihad Aranyaka; Great Aranyaka<\/b><\/i>
\n<\/i><\/b> 10:130 11:499 12:93, 134, 211, 393, 397-99 14:146 18:11, 188, 412, 452, 524, 553, 596 19:657:792, 824 27: 211., 300
\n<\/b>IX:
\n<\/b>10
\n<\/b>XV: 20 <\/b> XVIII:<\/b> 156-57 XX: 117 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrihadrath(a)’<\/b> an Indian king of the Mahabharata period, builder of the strong nation oftheMagadhas. (A) Der: Barhadratha
\n<\/b>(of Brihadratha)  3:190-91 8:41, 52, 57 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrihadratha2<\/b> a Vedic Rishi. The name is
\nmentioned twice in the Rig-veda, <\/i> in both cases along with Navavastva. The name
\nmay thus be an epjthet of Navavastva. (Sri
\nAurobindo does not interpret the word
\nNavavastva as the name of a person, but
\ntranslates it literally as "new dwelling".)
\n(V. Index) a 11:49 .<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nBrihaduktha (Vamadevya)<\/b> a Vedic Rishi, a
\ndescendant of Vamadeva. 1-1 10:515-16 Brihajjabala<\/i> name of a minor Upanishad.
\na XX: 116 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrihaspati<\/b> 1. In the Rig-veda, <\/i> the Master
\nof the creative Word (the stress in the name
\nfalling upon the potency of the Word rather
\nthan upon the thought of the general soulpower which is behind it). In the Vedic text
\nthe names Brihaspati and Brahmanaspati
\nalternate, and are equivalent to each other.
\n2. In later times Brihaspati is a Rishi; also
\nregent of the planet Jupiter (the name is
\ncommonly used for the planet itself). 3. In
\nthe Puranas, spiritual guide of the gods and
\ncounsellor to Indra. (I & G; Dow.) Var: <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrihasapati<\/b> (a misspelling); Brihuspathy;<\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrihuspati<\/b>  3:177 8:131, 196 10:56, 119, 135, 137-39, 148, 152, 154, 156, 159-61, 170-71, 174, 177, 189, 195, 206, 229, 235, 259, 303-13, 343, 426, 441 <\/b>11:<\/b>3, 22, 44, 143, 197, 445, 460
\n12:<\/b>317, 326, 335, 389, 522 <\/b> 13: 349 17:259-62
\n22:390 27:156 IV: 129, 136, 143 VIII: 147
\nX: 179 XVI: 132 XIX: 54 See also<\/i> Jupiter’. <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrinda<\/b> in Hindu mythology, a traditional
\nduti<\/i> (female messenger) who re-united lovers. (A) I:187 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrindaban; Brindabon; Brindavan<\/b> See
\n<\/i>Vrindavan <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBriseis<\/b> daughter of Briseus (spelt "Brises"
\nin Ilion).<\/i> She was captured in the Trojan
\nWar by Achilles, who made her his slaveconcubine. She was taken from Achilles by Agamemnon, and this set off the quarrel
\nbetween them. The "wrath of Achilles" was
\naroused, and it is this wrath which forms the
\ncentral "problem" of the Iliad.<\/i> Briseis was
\neventually returned to Achilles. (Col. Enc.; M.I.)  3:61 5:421, 463-64, 467, 488-90
\n.<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrises<\/b> Briseus, a Trojan ofLyrnessus, father
\nof BRISEIS. His town was sacked by Achilles, who killed him and carried off his daughter.
\n(M.I.) a 5:436, 489 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBristol<\/b> city and former county borough in
\nthe county of Avon (until 1974 it was in
\nGloucestershire), England. (Enc. Br.)  7:1044-45 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBristow<\/b> Tragedy Bristowe Tragedy, <\/i> a poem
\nby Chatterton, one of those poems whose
\nvigour and beauty established him as a <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nPage-56<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nprecocious genius and later made him a hero to the
\nRomantic and Pre-Raphaelite poets. (Col. Enc.)I:<\/b> is <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBritain<\/b> conventional name applied to Great
\nBritain<\/b> of the period before the Germanic
\ninvasions in the 5th and 6th centuries. Great
\nBritain is the largest of the British Isles; politically, since 1707, the name has been
\ngiven to England, Wales, and Scotland. Var: Britannia<\/b> Der: British; Britisher;<\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBriton<\/b> (native of Great Britain or the British
\nEmpire) 1:5-6, 8, 13, 18, 20, 23, 26, 32, 55-56, 88, 91-95, 101-02, 106, 108, 110-11, 120, 126-27, 132, 136-38, 145-46, 154, 156, 159-60, 164, 168, 172, 176-80, 184, 186-87, 189-90, 192, 198-99.203, 207, 209, 212-18.232, 234, 236-37, 253, 260-62, 267, 269, 280, 284-87, 292, 294-95, 297-98, 300, 302, 304-05, 307-08, 310-12, 314-16, 319-20, 322-25, 332-34, 336-37, 339, 343, 346, 348, 350, 353-54, 362, 365, 367, 372-73, 388, 393-96, 409, 413, 415, 417-18, 421, 423, 426-27, 431-34, 440-43, 446-51, 453-54, 457, 460, 462-63, 478, 496, 500-01, 503, 506, 508-13, 521-23, 526, 539, 552, 556, 564-65, 568, 573-74, 577-78, 593, 598, 602, 606-07, 623-25, 627-29, 631, 633, 641, 657, 674, 679-80, 685-86, 706, 715, 722, 727, 729-30, 736, 738, 740, 744, 752-53, 755, 774-78, 790-91, 802-05, 816, 824, 827-28, 835, 853, 857, 876-77, 903-04 2:12, 18, 22-23, 26-28, 31-34, 49, 53-56, 59, 79, 94, 120-23, 128, 135, 154, 160-61, 170, 184, 204-05, 207, 223, 233, 235-37, 246, 249, 260-62, 267, 269, 284, 296, 298-302, 306, 320, 327, 332, 347, 353, 356, 373-74, 381-82, 387, 389-91, 393-94, 404 3:51, 203, 359, 454, 465-66, 472 4:135, 149, 166-67, 176-77, 182, 197, 203-06, 211-12, 215, 218, 220-22, 225-26, 229, 232-33, 237-38, 240, 243, 249, 257, 265, 267-68, 271, 276, 283-84, 286, 290-91, 293 5:177
\n6:543 8:331, 356 9:549 14:178, 346, 367, 378 15:151, 286, 291, 294, 299, 306, 308-14, 316, 318, 321, 380, 420, 444, 447, 479-80, 493, 498, 506, 512, 515, 519, 521, 616, 620, 645-47 17:180, 360, 362 26:3, 14, 17, 21, 24-27, 29, 31, 35-37, 39, 42, 44, 54, 57, 60-62, 70, 169, 324, 375-76, 393-95, 397, 399-400, 402, 404, 407-10, 421, 429-30, 432, 435 27:3-5, 8, 10-13, 15-18, 20-21, 23, 32-33, 44, 49, 51-52, 60, 63-65, 110-13, 121, 431, 443, 445-48, 464, 466-67, 470, 499, 501 1:70 11:3, 84
\n<\/b>111:5,
\n<\/b>7-8, 10-11, 13-15 IV: 196 V: 3-4, 100 VIII: 122, 125 XIII: 28-29 XIV: 103, 106 XV: 61, 71
\nXVII: 68 XXI: 71 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBritannia<\/b> the Latin name of Britain, and a
\npoetic name for Britain personified. (<\/b>Ox.
\n<\/b>Comp.)  (Indexed with Britain)<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nBritish Isles<\/b> Island group of western Europe
\ncomprising Great Britain, Ireland, and
\nadjacent islands, a’3:264 15:310, 410, 475 X: 147 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrittany<\/b> or Britanny, a historic province
\nof northwestern France, now divided into
\nfive departments. A native of the region is
\nknown as a Breton; the same word is used
\nfor the region’s language. (Enc. Br.)
\n3:186 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBroceliande<\/b> The Forest of Broceliande was, in Arthurian legend, the home of Merlin in
\nBrittany, France. Only a little of this once
\nvast forest now remains as the Forest of
\nPaimpont. (Col. Enc.)
\nD 5:174 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrodrick<\/b> William St. John Fremantle
\nBrodrick (1856-1942), 1st Earl of Middleton, British statesman who, after holding other
\noffices, became Secretary of State for India
\nin 1903, and supported Earl Kitchener
\nagainst Baron (Lord) Curzon, leading to
\nthe latter’s resignation in 1905. (Enc. Am.)  1:849 2:267 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBromius<\/b> Bromios, a title of the Greek god
\nDionysus, meaning "the roaring (god)".  8:411 Bronson a barrister who abused Bengalis
\nduring the agitation against the Ilbert Bill
\n(1909). Lalmohan Ghose retaliated vehemently in a speech at Dacca. As a result of that
\nspeech, Bronson found himself boycotted by
\nIndian attorneys and was compelled to leave
\nIndia. (A)  4:196 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrontes<\/b> three English sisters, all writers Charlotte Bronte (1816-55), novelist; Emily
\nJane Bronte (1818-48), novelist and poet; and Anne Bronte (1820-49), novelist; (there
\nwas also a brother, Patrick Branwell Bronte, 1817-48, gifted with talents for writing, painting, and fine classical scholarship, but a
\nfailure in life) whose personal history as a
\nfamily has stimulated the popular imagination because their lonely and tragic lives
\nwere imbued with the same emotional intensity as those of the heroes and heroines of
\ntheir great novels. (Enc. Br.)  3:93 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBronze<\/b> Age the third phase in the development of man’s material culture, following
\nthe Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages; also, the
\nfirst period in which metal was used. The
\ndate the age began varied with regions; in
\nGreece, for instance, the Bronze Age began
\nbefore 3000 BC, whereas in China it did not <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n <\/font>Page-57 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nstart until c. 1800 BC. The beginning of the
\nperiod is sometimes called the Chalcolithic
\n(Copper-Stone) Age. There was no true
\nBronze Age in the Western Hemisphere.
\n(Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) n XIV: 119 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrooke, Rupert<\/b> (1887-1915), English poet, a well-born, gifted, remarkably handsome
\nyouth, whose early fame and tragic death in
\nWorld War I have made him almost a legendary figure. His two slender volumes contain
\nonly a few poems. (Enc. Br.)  9:347 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBroome (Wilson)<\/b> See<\/i> Wilson <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrotteaux<\/b> a character an unabashed scoffer
\n\u2014 in<\/b> Anatole France’s Les Dieux ont soif.
\n<\/i>
\n<\/b>(A)  9:557 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrowning, <\/b> Robert (1812-89), one of the
\ngreat poets of the Victorian age, noted for
\nhis mastery of dramatic monologue and rich
\npsychological portraiture. (Enc. Br.)  9:2, 26-27, 51, 69, 105-06, 133, 139-41, 163, 173, 226, 301, 474, 542 29:754 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrowning, Mrs.<\/b> Elizabeth Barret Browning
\n<\/b>(1806-61), wife of Robert Browning; a
\nminor, though by no means negligible, English poet whose reputation rests chiefly
\nupon her Sonnets from the Portuguese.
\n<\/i>(Enc.Br.)  27:94 Browning, Oscar (1883-1929), University
\nlecturer in history at Cambridge, an
\nextraordinary character known to many
\ngenerations of Cambridge men as "The
\nO.B." He belonged in spirit to the Elizabethan age. A clever conversationalist, he
\nentertained largely and showed kindness to
\ninnumerable young men. He was associated
\nas a founder, head, or otherwise, with a
\nlarge number of educational and cultural
\norganizations. He was also a writer, an
\nauthor of several books, historical, biographical etc. He received the O.B.E. in
\n1923.  27:419 11:87 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBruce<\/b> Robert the Bruce, or Robert I
\n(1274-1329), king of Scotland (1306-29).
\n<\/b>He
\n<\/b>was the most famous member of the Bruce
\nfamily. After his defeat at Methven, he took
\nrefuge in wild country until he could gather
\nup his power. According to legend, the
\nBruce, at this time of discouragement, learned courage and hope from watching a
\nspider persevere in spinning its web. (Col.
\nEnc.) arench
\nRepublican Calendar. The coup d’etat of
\n18-19 Brumaire (November 9-10, 1799)
\nestablished the Consulate under Napoleon.
\n(Col. Enc.)  22:496 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrummagem<\/b> colloquial form of Birmingham
\n(England); name given to a counterfeit coin first made in Birmingham. <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nHence the term is applied to anything not genuine.
\n(Col. Enc.) a l: 18, 606 2:153 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrummel<\/b> See<\/i> Beau Brummel <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBruno, Giordano<\/b> (1548-1600), Italian
\nphilosopher, astronomer, mathematician, and
\noccultist whose theories anticipated modern
\nscience. He challenged all dogmatism. In
\n1591 he was accused of heresy by the Inquisition and, after imprisonment, was burnt to
\ndeath. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  15:165 16:219 Brussels capital of Belgium and of Brabant
\nprovince in the valley of the Senne River.
\nThe Germans occupied it during both World
\nWars. (Enc.Br.; P.P.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27] <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBrutus<\/b> a character Prince of Britain mentioned in the Dramatis Personae of Sri
\nAurobindo’s play The House of Brut.
\n<\/i> 7:883 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBryan, <\/b> William Jennings (1860-1925), American Democrat and Populist leader, and
\na magnetic orator who ran unsuccessfully
\nthree times for the presidency of the United
\nStates, in 1896, 1900 and 1908. He was an
\nopponent of trusts and imperialism. Bryan
\nheld the post of Secretary of State from 1913
\nto 1915. (Enc.Br.; Gilbert, p. 53)
\na 2:356 . <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBuchanan<\/b> Colonel Buchanan, the Inspector
\nGeneral of Prisons in Bengal around 1908.  4:274 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBuckingham, <\/b> the second duke of George
\nVilliers (1628-87), English politician, a
\nleading member of King Charles II’s inner
\ncircle of ministers. He had exquisitely refined
\ntastes, and wrote poetry, religious tracts, and
\nplays. He was the chief author of a celebrated satire on heroic drama. The
\nRehearsal,
\n<\/i>directed in its later version against John
\nDryden. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)  9:387 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBucoleon<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s llion, <\/i> by
\n"Bucoleon’s son" is meant Anchises, although the latter’s father is usually said to
\nbe Capys. Bucoleon was the eldest son of
\nLaomeodon. (M.I.)  5:398 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBudaricashram; Budaricayshwur<\/b> the most
\nfamous place of Hindu pilgrimage in North
\nIndia, more popularly known as Badrinath or
\nBadrinarayana. It is situated on the snowy
\nheights of the Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh
\nstate, on the banks of the Ganga (called <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n

\n Page-58<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nAlakananda in that area). The shrine is
\ndedicated to Vishnu, particularly to his dual
\nform of Nara-Narayana. (D.I.H.;Dow.)
\n1:803 5:201-02 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBuddha;<\/b> Gautama Buddha also known as
\nTathagata (c. 563-c. 483 ec), the renowned
\nfounder of Buddhism. His personal name
\nwas Siddhartha. He was born in a princely
\nKshatriya family of the name of Gautama
\nin Kapilvastu in the Nepalese Terai. He
\nrenounced his home and family at the age of
\ntwenty-nine. After realising the Truth under
\nthe famous Bo-tree in modern Bodh-Gaya, he became known as the "Buddha" ("the
\nEnlightened"). (Enc. Br.) The term
\nBuddha is also used for an image of Buddha
\nin art and architecture. See also<\/i> Dhyani
\nBuddha and Gandharan Buddha. Der: Buddhahood (the soul awakened from its mundane
\nindividuality into an infinite super-consciousness, see<\/i> 13:153) a
\n1:613, 699, 704, 758, 768, 799 2:255, 397, 405
\n3:113, 169, 198, 213, 302, 344, 375, 458 4:73, 101, 122, 154, 227, 252 12:15, 30, 60, 457, 484-86, 490, 510 13:9, 29-31, 140, 151, 153, 156-58, 161-62, 164, 185, 272, 372, 462 14:65-66, 74, 94, 129, 150, 183, 187-88, 193, 195, 198-200, 204, 206, 209, 213, 232, 240, 250, 252, 327, 358, 372 15: 338 16:136, 151, 219, 292, 324-25, 339, 349, 364 17:2, 49, 153, 165, 180, 183, 278-79, 282, 299, 383 18:29-30, 40, 94, 415, 464, 487, 568 19:1050 20:59-60, 253, 259 21:532, 561, 575 22: 59-63, 66-67, 69, 85, 92-93, 95, 97, 192, 248, 392, 402-05, 407-08, 410, 418, 423, 428-29, 456, 491 23:614, 619, 1037 24:1642, 1660, 1669, 1754 25:78, 275, 332, 370 26:75, 92, 118, 133-36, 240, 445-47, 463 27:44, 299, 314, 469 29:787 1:24, 27, 31, 41, 49, 58 11:59, 63 111:6, 75 IV: 166, 168 V: 61, 63, 77 -VI: 156, 164-66, 168, 170, 172-75 VII: 71
\nVIII: 171-72, 177-78, 181, 183, 186, 194 IX: 14, 31, 42-43 XIII: 24 XIV: 120, 126-27 XV: 43
\nXVI: 132, 180 XVII: 4, 24, 31, 36-37 XVIII: 152, 163 XIX: 54 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBuddha, Amitabha<\/b> See<\/i> Amitabha Buddha <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBuddh Gaya<\/b> also spelled Bodh Gaya, a
\nvillage in the Gaya district of Bihar state in
\nIndia. It was here, under the sacred pipal or
\nBodhi (Bo) tree, that Gautama Buddha
\nattained enlightenment and became the
\nBuddha. (Enc. Br.) 4:227 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBuddhism<\/b> a pan-Asiatic religion and
\nphilosophy based on the 6th-century BC
\nteaching of Gautama Buddha. Buddhism
\nrepudiates the authority of the Vedas; neither does it accept the existence of the
\n<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nsoul or God as assumed by Hindu philosophy. It does believe in the doctrine of
\nrebirth and karma, which cease only with the
\nextinction of desire. The religion is based on
\nFour Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold
\nPath. Buddhism has played an influential
\nrole in the spiritual, cultural, and social life
\nof much of the Eastern world; during the
\npresent century it has attracted increasing
\ninterest and some adherents in the West.
\n(Enc. Br.) Der: Buddhicised; Buddhist;<\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBuddhistic<\/b>  1:481, 712, 768, 800-01, 844
\n2:19, 42, 84 3: 30, 113, 137, 142-43, 169, 172-74, 178, 198, 221-22, 225, 266, 296, 344, 379, 422
\n4:61, 73, 85, 92, 107, 115, 125, 143, 166, 227, 247, 252, 298 5:254 8: 327 10:13-14 12:12-13, 44, 116, 209, 233, 447, 458, 485, 493, 499, 522
\n13: 8, 78-79, 83, 97, 153, 161-62, 164, 224, 228, 325 14:14-17, 29, 58, 69, 71, 73-74, 81, 91, 125, 130, 132, 136, 150-51, 154, 168, 179-81, 193, 200, 205, 210, 240-41, 249, 251, 256, 270, 272, 294, 308, 315-16, 331, 351, 358-59, 363, 402, 404, 417
\n15:22, 153, 165, 302, 339 16: 80, 86, 90-92, 116-18, 125, 129-30, 135, 137, 151, 160, 163, 249, 309-10, 324, 339, 346-47, 349, 365, 394, 401, 405, 416 17:101, 131, 164, 168-69, 171-73, 181, 276, 281, 293, 303, 377 18:23, 27-28, 34, 49, 75, 77, 392, 416, 441, 467, 507, 512, 610 19:668, 746-47, 750-51, 884, 1051 20:142, 274, 342, 346, 360, 382, 411, 422, 438, 505 21:532, 554, 664, 857
\n22:25, 46, 55, 61-68, 128, 143, 158, 163, 235, 273, 402-04, 483 23:556, 608, 614, 619, 768, 805, 871 24:1193, 1635 26:106, 116, 138, 503
\n27:46, 242-43, 268, 284, 311, 322, 339, 341, 475
\n1:28, 31, 50 11:58, 67 IV: 166, 168 V: 54-55, 63, 71-72 VI: 161, 164, 168-73, 176-80 <\/b> VII: 78
\nVIII: 169, 171-72, 186, 194 IX: 14-15, 31, 61
\nX: 148, 161 XI: 33 XII: 189 XIII: 13, 30
\nXTV:132 XVI: 180-81 XVII: 24-25, 27, 34 XVIII: 158, 160 XIX: 80 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBuddhist-Confucian<\/b> system possessing
\ncharacteristics of both Buddhism and
\nConfucianism, 27:284 Budha in Hindu astronomy, the planet
\nMERCURY. In Hindu mythology, Budha is
\nthe son of Soma (the Moon) by TARA (wife
\nof Brihaspati). Budha is also the name of the
\nauthor of a hymn in the Rig-veda.<\/i> (Dow.)  3:270 7:909, 1008 11:201 17:259-62 X: 152 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBug, <\/b> the Bug River, tributary of the Vistula
\nRiver, rising in the western Ukranian S.S.R.
\nFor about 125 miles of its course the Bug
\nnow forms the international frontier between
\nPoland and the U. S.S.R. (Enc. Br.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27] <\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-59<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nBulgaria<\/b> a socialist republic in southeast
\nEurope, in the Balkan Peninsula. Its capital
\nis Sophia. Before World War II Bulgaria was
\na monarchy. (Col. Enc.) Der: Bulgarian  1:332, 557 15:502 XXI: 71, 102 XXII: 133 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBulgar(s) a people known in East European
\nhistory from the 6th century AD. They
\nprobably originated as a Turkish tribe of
\ncentral Asia and arrived in the European
\nsteppe west of the Volga River with the
\nHuns (c. AD 370). The eastern Bulgars
\nwere a people, probably speaking a Finnic
\nlanguage, who possessed a powerful state
\n(8th-13th cent.) at the confluence of the
\nVolga and the Kama in East European
\nRussia. Another branch of the same people
\nmoved west into present Bulgaria, where
\nthey merged with the Slavs. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.) n 10:553 15:287, 295 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBull<\/b> Taurus, a zodiacal constellation, represented pictorially as the fore part of a
\nbull. Two notable star clusters, the Pleiades
\nand the Hyades, are found in Taurus. It is
\nthe second sign of the zodiac, called Vrsa in
\nHindu astronomy. (Col. Enc.)
\na 17:257-58, 260 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBulletin of Physical Education<\/i> <\/b>or Bulletin
\na’education physique, a.<\/i> quarterly bilingual
\n(English and French) journal founded in
\n1949. In 1959 the name was altered to
\nBulletin of Sri Aurobindo International
\nCentre of Education<\/i> or Bulletin du Centre
\nInternational d’Education Sri Aurobindo.
\n<\/i>It is published by the Ashram.  16:pre., l, 4, 9 26:377, 504-06 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBundhumathie<\/b> in Sri Aurobindo’s play
\nVasavadutta, <\/i> the captive princess of Sourashtra, serving Vasavadutta under the
\nname of Munjoolica. (A)
\nD<\/i> 6:207, 314, 322 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBunyan, <\/b> John (1628-88), celebrated English
\nminister and preacher, author of The Pilgrim’s
\nProgress.<\/i> (Enc. Br.) a 24:1634 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBurdwan<\/b> city (administrative headquarters), district, and division of Bengal (now West
\nBengal state). (Enc. Br.)
\na 1:437-38, 626-27 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBurke, <\/b> Edmund (1729-97), British statesman
\nand political thinker prominent from 1765 to
\nc. 1795 and important in the history of political theory. He was a member of the House
\nof Commons from 1765 to 1794. Burke was a
\ngreat rhetorician. His speeches delivered in
\nconnection with the impeachment of Warren
\nHastings "made for an awareness of the
\nresponsibilities of empire and the injustices in India unknown before in England".
\n. (Enc.Br.;Col._Enc.)  1:54, 188, 448, 464, 519, 648 4:218′
\n<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\n26:241 29:787 111:10-11 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBurma<\/b> country lying to the east of India, having Rangoon as its capital. In 1886 it was
\nunited with India under British rule; but this
\nunion was terminated constitutionally in
\n1935. Presently it is a socialist republic.
\n(D.I.H.)  1:312 2:1, 215, 307 14:43
\n26: 48 27:58.122 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBurmese<\/b> the official language of the Union
\nof Burma, spoken as a native language by
\nalmost 20 million Burmese. Burmese belongs
\nto the Tibeto-Burman group of the SinoTibetan language family. The earliest extant
\nBurmese writing dates from the middle of
\nthe llth century and is written in an alphabet derived from that of the Pali language.
\n(Enc. Br.) a 3:36 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBums, <\/b> Robert (1759-96), poet whose ability
\nto enter into the spirit of older folk song and
\nto assume the ancient role of Scottish bard
\nhas made him the national poet of Scotland
\nand one of the best loved poets of all time.
\n(Enc.Br.) n 9:93 1:9 11:11 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBurt<\/b> a veteran member of the Labour party
\nin England who represented the old-world
\nelement and was therefore asked (1909) to
\nquit the Labour organization, which had
\nbecome predominantly socialistic. (A)
\nn 2:285 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBurton, <\/b> Sir Richard Francis (1821-90), English explorer, writer, and linguist. He
\npublished an unexpurgated translation of the
\nArabian Nights.<\/i> (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.)
\nn 26:234 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBushido<\/b> "Code of Warriors", the military
\ncode of the Samurai (warrior) class of Japan
\nthat in the mid-19th century was made the
\nbasis of ethical training for the whole society, with the emperor replacing the feudal lord as
\nthe object of loyalty and sacrifice. As such it
\ncontributed to the rise of Japanese nationalism and to the strengthening of wartime
\ncivilian morale up to 1945. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 1:379-80 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBushman<\/b> member of a nomadic people
\nliving in the region of the Kalahari desert in
\nsouthwestern Africa. (Web.)
\nD 15:59 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nBuxar<\/b> a town in Shahabad district, Bihar
\nstate, just south of the Ganga River. A place
\nof great sanctity, it is believed to have been
\noriginally called Vedagarbha (Womb of the
\nVeda). (Enc.Br.) a 2:2 4:300-01 <\/font>vm: 121<\/font>
\n<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-60<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nByron, Lord<\/b> George Gordon, 6th Baron
\nByron (1788-1824), English poet and satirist
\nwhose poetry and personality captured the
\nimagination of Europe. His attitude of ironic
\ndespair and aspirations for political liberty
\nmade him the universal symbol of the
\nRomantic poet. (Enc. Br.) Der: Byronic
\n<\/b>D 1:456 3:147, 231 5:8 9:2, 25-26, 44, 51, 74, 92, 94, 100, 112, 116-20, 123, 126-27, 129-31, 133, 192, 253, 309, 478, 522 26:262 27:81, 92 29:800 H:17 III: 11 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nByshak, <\/b> Gaurdas (1826-99), a Deputy
\nMagistrate of Calcutta, associated in various
\ncapacities with a number of literary, cultural, and social organizations. He was an intimate
\nfriend of Madhusudan Dutt, and a man of
\ncritical ability and appreciative temper, a
\nman not only of culture, but of original
\nculture. (S.B.C.;A) n 3:78 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nByzantine Empire<\/b> the Eastern counterpart
\nand successor to the Roman Empire of the
\nWest, also called the Eastern Empire and the
\nEast Roman Empire. It was named after
\nByzantium, which Emperor Constantine I
\nrebuilt (AD 330) as Constantinople (present
\nIstanbul) and made the capital of the entire
\nRoman Empire. Afterwards the division into
\nEastern and Western empires became
\npermanent. (Col. Enc.)  15:287 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nC<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaanou<\/b> a corrupt form of the Hindi word
\nKanhu or Kanhaiya, a name of Krishna.
\nD [Indexed with Krishna] <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCabbala<\/b> esoteric system of interpretation of
\nthe Hebrew scriptures based on the assumption that every word, letter, number, and
\neven accent in them has an occult meaning.
\nThe system, oral at first, claimed great
\nantiquity, but was really the product of the
\nMiddle Ages, arising in the 7th century and
\nlasting into the 18th. It was popular chiefly
\namong Jews, but spread to Christians as
\nwell. (Col. Enc.) n 22:393 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCabool<\/b> Kabul, city and capital of Afghanistan, on the Kabul River. (Col. Enc.)
\nVarCaboul<\/b> a 5:276, 283 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCacootstha<\/b> in the Ramayana, <\/i> a patronymic
\nof Rama after his ancestor Kakutstha, a
\nprince of the Solar race whose real name was
\nPuranjaya. As related in the Vishnu Pwana,
\n<\/i>to help the gods in their war with the Asuras
\nduring the Treta Yuga, Puranjaya rode on a
\nbull (the form assumed by Indra), sitting
\n<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nupon his hump (kakut).<\/i> Thus he obtained
\nthe cognomen of "Kakut-stha". (Dow.)
\nD 8:21-22 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCadiz<\/b> capital and principal seaport of Cadiz
\nprovince in southwestern Spain, on a long
\nnarrow peninsula extending into the Gulf of
\nCadiz. (Enc.Br.)
\na 7:876 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCadmeian Thebes<\/b> THEBES was founded by
\nCadmus, a son of Agenor, king of Tyre. He
\nwas led to the site of the city by a cow while
\nsearching for his sister Europa. Here he built
\nthe Cadmeia, the citadel of the later town of
\nThebes. Cadmus killed a dragon, an off-spring of Ares, to get water. Athena advised
\nhim to sow the teeth of the dragon. There
\ncame up a harvest of armed men, whom
\nCadmus killed by tricking them into fighting
\none another. Five survived and became the
\nancestors of the nobility of Thebes. (M.I.)
\n5:479 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaesar’<\/b> See<\/i> (Julius) Caesar or<\/i> Caesar(s) <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaesar2<\/b> a character Julius Caesar  in
\nBernard Shaw’s play Caesar and Cleopatra.
\n<\/i> 9:548 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaesar and Cleopatra<\/b><\/i> a historical
\nplay (1899) by George Bernard Shaw; it was outstandingly successful. (Col. Enc.)  9:548 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaesar Borgia<\/b> See<\/i> Borgia, Caesar Caesar(s) Originally the word ‘Caesar’ was
\npart of the name ‘Julius Caesar’. Afterwards
\nit became a title adopted by Roman emperors from Augustus to Hadrian. Hadrian
\nkept the title Augustus for the emperor and
\nallowed the heir apparent to be called Caesar.
\nThis became the custom subsequently. The
\nimperial use of the name Caesar was
\nperpetuated in the German Kaisar and the
\nRussian Czar. (Col. Enc.)  1:769 2:122, 400 3:11, 110 15:296, 299 III: 7 IX: 28 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCafoor<\/b> a companion of Nureddene in Sri
\nAurobindo’s play The Viziers of Bassora.
\n0<\/i>7:572, 627, 643, 645-46 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCailleux, <\/b> Joseph (-Marie-Auguste)
\n(1863-1944), French statesman, fiscal expert, and pacifist. He was finance minister in the
\ncabinets of 1899 and 1906, and became
\npremier in 1911. In an attempt to defuse a
\npolitical crisis with Germany, he negotiated a
\nsettlement that gave France a protectorate
\nover the North African territory in exchange
\nfor generous concessions in Central Africa.
\nThis compromise brought a massive public
\nattack upon his patriotism, and his government fell in 1912. In 1913 he again became <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-61<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nfinance minister, but in 1914 he resigned
\nafter his wife shot dead a newspaper editor, CALMETH. (Enc. Br.)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27] <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCain<\/b> in the Old Testament, the eldest son
\nof Adam and Eve, a tiller of the soil. He
\nbecame enraged when the Lord accepted the
\noffering of his brother Abel, a shepherd, in
\npreference to his own. He murdered Abel, and was consequently banished by the Lord
\nfrom the settled country. (Col. Enc.; Enc.
\nBr.)  17:117 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCairene<\/b> See<\/i> Cairo <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCairgonn<\/b> high granite mountain forming part
\nof the Grampians in Scotland; it is named
\nafter one of its peaks (Cairn Gorm, 4084 ft.)
\n(Pears; Enc. Br.) Var: Caimgonn
\n<\/b>0 5:379 11:29 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCairo<\/b> a city, capital of Egypt, on the Nile at
\nthe head of the delta. It is the largest city of
\nAfrica. (Enc. Br.) Der: Cairene (of Cairo)
\nD 7:597 14:367 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCakya-muni<\/b> Sakya-muni, a name of
\nGautama Buddha, who was "Sage" (muni)
\namongst the SAKYAS (A) a 24:1669 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCalais<\/b> city and seaport in Picardy, France, opposite Dover, on the Strait of Dover.
\n(Col. Enc.)  7:1048 Calcutta capital of Bengal (now of West
\nBengal state), India, and a major port on the
\nRiver Hooghly. It is the largest city of India, and has figured prominently in the history of
\nthe country since the advent of the British.
\nFor a long time it was the capital of British
\nIndia. (Enc. Br.)  1:16-17, 76, 81, 155-56, 166-68, 172, 189, 192, 194, 196, 201-02, 222, 243, 248, 262, 266, 270, 279, 287, 311, 360, 378, 387, 405-06, 408, 428-29, 455, 478-79, 486, 529, 551, 556-57, 587, 590-91, 593, 634, 638, 643, 655-56, 673, 676, 686, 707, 734, 740, 747, 749, 754-55, 782, 795, 804, 838-41, 850-51, 855, 864, 893, 898
\n2:25, 37, 44, 70, 102, 112, 124, 134-37, 187-88, 204, 206-07, 224, 226-27, 232, 241, 295, 309-10, 315-16, 319, 321, 338-39, 341-43, 353, 358, 368, 370, 375, 413 3:75, 99, 129, 421, 426, 459, 469
\n4:178, 181-82, 189, 198-99, 210, 216, 218, 226, 228, 232, 238, 268, 291 8:61, 320, 329, 331, 333, 355 9:548 12:55 14:422 17:302, 358
\n24:1562 25:221, 345 26:1, 14-15, 27-29, 32, 34, 37, 42, 44-45, 49, 57, 59-60, 65, 209, 226, 390
\n27:7, 18-19, 23, 25-29, 37-40, 42-44, 64, 67, 73, 75, 351-52, 417, 420, 426, 431, 439-40, 451-52, 462, 493 1:2, 5, 7, 37, 70 11:2-3, 85 VIII: 121, 124, 134 X:<\/b> 187 XIV: 99, 102-03, 105-06
\nXV: 61 XVI: 193-94 XVII: 66-67, 69 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCalcutta University<\/b> the premier university <\/b>in India, although its jurisdiction is now much
\nless than it was during British days. It was
\nfounded in 1857 during the administration of
\nLord Canning. (Col. Enc.) a 2:139, 339, 486 3:76, 93 <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nCalderon<\/b> Pedro Calderon de la Barca (1600-81), Spanish dramatist, the last important
\nfigure of the Golden Age (the latter part of
\nthe 16th and most of the 17th century). His
\nplays were carefully contrived, subtle, and
\nrhetorical. (Col. Enc.) 0 7:825 9:44, 67, 521 1:7 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaledonian<\/b> (native) of ancient Scotland. The
\nname Caledonia occurs in the works of
\nLucan (1st century AD) and is still used
\nrhetorically, usually to mean all of Scotland, though originally it was used for a smaller
\narea of north Britain. (Col. Enc.)  1:53 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaliban<\/b> a character a savage and deformed
\nslave  in Shakespeare’s comedy The Tempest.
\n<\/i>(Shakes.) 0 26:337 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCalindie<\/b> a name of the river YAMUNA
\nderived from the place-name of its source, Kalinda. (M.N.) a [Indexed with Yamuna] <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCallias<\/b> name of a Syrian soldier, mentioned
\nin Sri Aurobindo’s play Perseus the Deliverer. (It is a Greek name.)<\/i> a 6:102 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCallicrates<\/b> a character a captain in the
\nSyrian army in Sri Aurobindo’s play Rodogune.<\/i> a 6:333, 396, 405-06, 411, 442, 459, 468 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCalligula<\/b> a typographical error for Caligula
\n(AD 12-41), Roman emperor (AD 37-41), in succession to Tiberius. He was son of
\nGermanicus Caesar. Though born Gaius
\nCaesar, he became known as Caligula, his
\nchildhood nickname. (Enc. Br.) a 3:70 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCallimachus<\/b> (c. 305-c. 240 BC), Hellenistic
\nGreek poet and scholar; the most representative poet of the erudite and sophisticated
\nAlexandrian school. His literary quarrel with
\nhis former pupil, Apollonius of Rhodes, is
\nfamous. (Enc. Br.) a 3:235 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCalmeth<\/b> Gaston Calmette, editor of the
\ninfluential French newspaper Le Figaro.<\/i> He
\nled the press campaign against Caillaux, who seemed to be moving to the left
\nafter resigning the premiership in 1912. When Calmette
\nthreatened to publish love letters between
\nCaillaux and his mistress, who had by then
\nbecome Mme Caillaux, she fatally shot him.
\n(Enc. Br., under Caillaux)
\n[From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov.1913-Oct.’27] <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCalvary<\/b> the hill outside the walls of old
\nJerusalem where Jesus Christ was crucified.
\nBy some it is identified with the old House
\nof Stoning, or the place where criminals were <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-62<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nexecuted by stoning and crucifixion. It could
\nbe seen easily from the city, and the whole
\npopulation could witness the execution.
\n(Enc. Am.) n 29:445 Calvin John (1509-64), French theologian, ecclesiastical statesman, and one of the most
\nimportant Protestant reformers of the 16th
\ncentury. Calvinism, in Christianity, has three
\ndifferent meanings: (1) the theology of John
\nCalvin; (2) the developments of some of
\nCalvin’s doctrines by his followers; (3) the
\nhistorical developments in various countries
\nof doctrines and practices derived from the
\nworks of Calvin and his followers that became the distinguishing characteristics of
\nthe Reformed and Presbyterian churches.
\n(Enc. Br.) Der: Calvinistic (pertaining
\nto Calvinism) n 3:379 15:14 16:324
\n17:137 20:365 22:417 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCalypso<\/b> in Greek mythology, the daughter
\nof the Titan Atlas (or Oceanus or Nereus).
\nShe was a nymph of the mythical island of
\nOgygia, where she entertained Odysseus for
\nseven years. She offered to make him immortal if he would remain, but he spurned
\nthe offer and continued his journey. (Enc.
\nBr.; Col. Enc.) D 8:409 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCama<\/b> See<\/i> Kama(deva) <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCambodians<\/b> inhabitants of Cambodia, former name of a republic (now officially called
\nthe Democratic Republic of Kampuchea or, during 1970-75, the Khmer Republic)
\noccupying the southwestern part of the
\n<\/b>Indo-Chinese peninsula. (Enc. Br.; Web. N.C.D.) a 23:556 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCambre<\/b> a proposed character \u2014 a son of
\nBrutus; prince of Cambria mentioned in
\nthe Dramatis Personae of Sri Aurobindo’s
\nplay The House of Brut.<\/i> D. 7:883 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCambria<\/b> ancient name of Wales. (Col.
\nEnc.) n 7:883 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCambridge<\/b> Municipal borough, county seat
\nof Cambridgeshire in England, on the Cam
\n(or Granta) River. The term is also used for
\nCambridge University at Cambridge, one
\nof the two ancient universities of England.
\nAlthough legends place its founding earlier, the university probably had its beginnings
\n<\/b>in
\n<\/b>the 12th century. (Col. Enc.)
\n1:3 3:56, 129-30, 132 26:2, 4.10, 13, 24, 52, 351 27:417 11:28.87 V: 100 XVII: 66, 73 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCampbell, <\/b> Thomas (1777-1844), English
\npoet, remembered chiefly for his sentimental
\nand martial lyrics. (Enc. Br.) D 11:11 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCampbell-Bannerman, <\/b> Sir Henry<\/b> (1836-1908), British statesman who became leader of the Liberal party in 1895, and was prime
\nminister from 1905 to 1908. (Col. Enc.)  1:456, 849 27:26 <\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nCanaan<\/b> name given by the Hebrews to
\nPalestine before they occupied it. It is the
\ncountry lying between the Jordan, the Dead
\nSea, and the Mediterranean. It was the
\nPromised Land of the Israelites, and after
\ntheir delivery from Egypt they subjugated
\nit. (Col. Enc.)  15:299 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCanaca<\/b> a character the king of Cashmere’s
\njester in Sri Aurobindo’s play Prince of
\nEdur.<\/i> The name is also mentioned (as Toraman’s Brahmin, his court jester) in the
\nDramatis Personae of the incomplete play
\nThe Prince of Mathura.<\/i> 7:739, 780-85, 791-94, 891 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCanada<\/b> independent federal parliamentary
\nstate within the British Commonwealth of
\nNations, occupying about two-fifths of the
\ncontinent of North America. (Enc. Br.)
\nDer: Canadian<\/b>  1:560, 575, 605 2:34, 78
\n4:218 15:286, 311-12, 314, 410, 517 1:2 111:29<\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCanda<\/b> See<\/i> Chandra’ <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCandahar<\/b> See<\/i> Kandahar <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCandaraya<\/b> See<\/i> Chand <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCandida<\/b><\/i> a play by George Bernard Shaw, written in 1894, the first of the characteristically
\nShavian plays with dialogue that sparkles with paradoxes. It is about a heroine who is forced to choose between her
\nclerical husband and a young poet. (Col.
\nEnc.; Enc. Br) 9:552 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCanea<\/b> one of the oldest cities on the island
\nof Crete. It is the capital of Crete (now a
\npart of Greece) and a port on the Gulf of
\nCanea. (Col. Enc.) :168 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCannae<\/b> ancient village in Apulia of southern
\nItaly. It was the scene of a battle in 216 BC
\nwhich ended in a crushing defeat of the
\nRomans at the hands of the Carthaginian
\ngeneral Hannibal. (Col. Enc.) n 2:311 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCanterbury<\/b> a cathedral city in England; a
\ncounty borough until 1974, now a borough in
\nthe county of Kent. (Enc. Br.) 1:190 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCanton<\/b> capital of Kwangtung province of
\nChina; the main commercial and industrial
\ncity of southern China. It was captured by
\nthe Japanese in 1938 and held by them until
\nthe end of the Second World War. The word
\noccurs in Sri Aurobindo’s poem "The Cosmic
\nMan", written on 25-9-1938. (Col. Enc.; Enc.Br.;A) a 5:120 Canute Canute the Great (c. 995-1035), king
\nof England and Denmark and, after 1028, of
\nNorway. He was a dominant figure in Europe <\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n                                                                                                                <\/font>
\n Page-63<\/font><\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n
\n

\nof the llth century. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)
\na 1:668 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCapet(s) surname of the Prankish and
\nFrench kings "of the third race" (the first
\nand second "races" being the Merovingians
\nand the Carolingians). The Capetians15
\nkings of the royal house of France ruled
\ncontinuously from 987 to 1328. Hugh Capet
\nremoved the Carolingians for ever and
\nbecame king of France in 987. His nickname gave the royal house its appellation
\n(Capetians). His direct descendants remained
\non the throne till the death (1328) of Charles
\nIV, when the throne passed to the related
\nhouse ofValois. (Enc. Br.; Col. Enc.)
\na 15:356 16:324 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCapitol in ancient Rome, that summit of
\nthe Capitoline hill on which stood the
\nmagnificent temple of Jupiter. In this temple
\nwere kept the Sibylline books, and here the
\nconsuls took the vows on entering upon
\noffice. It was to this temple also that victorious generals were carried in triumph to
\nrender thanks to Jupiter. (Ox. Comp.)
\n1:148 5:428 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaprera<\/b> a small island off the northeast coast
\nof Sardinia, Italy. Garibaldi established himself there in 1856 and died there in 1882.
\nHis house and tomb are national monuments. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.)
\na 3:267 X:<\/b> 149 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaptive Lady<\/i><\/b> the only English poem written
\nby Madhusudan Dutt (1824-73). the famous
\nBengali poet and dramatist. (A; Enc. Br.)
\nD 3:90 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaracalla<\/b> nickname of Marcus Aurelius
\nAntoninus (188-217), Roman emperor
\n(211-17) and an able soldier, noted both for
\nhis brutality and for his liberal extension of
\nthe rights of citizenship. (Enc. Br.)
\nD 3:10 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCarbonari<\/b> members of a secret society which
\nflourished in Italy, Spain, and France early in
\nthe 19th century. The origins and even the
\npolitical programme of the Carbonari are
\nmatters of conjecture. The society appears to
\nhave originated in the kingdom of Naples.
\nBeyond advocacy of political freedom its
\naims were vague. After 1830 the Italian
\nCarbonari were gradually absorbed by the
\nRisorgimento movement; elsewhere they
\ndisappeared. (Col. Enc.; Enc. Br.)
\na 1:722 2:163, 165 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCarcotaka<\/b> in Hindu mythology, name of a
\nhuge serpent (Naga), one of the offspring
\n<\/b>of
\n<\/b>KashyapaandKadru. (M.N.) n 5:252
\n<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\nCaria<\/b> ancient region of southwestern Asia
\nMinor, south of, the Maeander River. In the
\nTrojan War, the Carians were allies of
\nTroy. (Col. Enc.; M.I.)
\n<\/b>Der: Carian(s)
\n<\/b>0 5:393, 405-06, 418 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaribbee<\/b> a Carib Indian, a native formerly
\ninhabiting the Lesser Antilles in the West
\nIndies. Extremely warlike and ferocious, these people practised cannibalism. (Enc.
\nBr.) D 19:762 XIV: 116 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCarios<\/b> a proposed character a student mentioned in the Dramatis Personae of Sri
\nAurobindo’s play The Maid in the Mill.
\n<\/i>n 7:821 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCarlyle, ‘<\/b> Thomas (1795-1881), British man of
\nletters, essayist, and historian. The leading
\nsocial critic of his day, he influenced also
\nmen of a younger generation, among them
\nMatthew Arnold and Ruskin. His style is one
\nof the most tortuous yet effective in English
\nliterature. His On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History<\/i> was published in
\n1841. (Col.Enc.;Enc.Br.; Ox. Comp.)
\nDer: Carlylean 4 3:77, 114 9:112, 134, 179 <\/b> 13:131
\n26: 314-15 IX:<\/b> 32 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCarlyle2<\/b> probably, R. W. Carlyle, officiating
\nChief Secretary to the Government of Bengal, who issued the notorious circular
\nnamed after him (see the next entry).
\nD 1:151 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCarlyle Circular<\/b> a secret circular (No. 1679
\nP.D., <\/b>dated Darjeeling, 10 October 1905)
\nissued to the magistrates and collectors over
\nthe signature of R. W. Carlyle, the officiating Chief Secretary to the Government of
\nBengal, for the steps to be taken against the
\nspread of the Swadeshi movement among the
\nstudents. (A; H.F.M.I.-II; I.F.F.)
\nn 1:377, 406 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCamduff, Justice<\/b> H.W.C. Carnduff, I.C.S., a judge of the Special Bench Appeal Court
\nin the Alipore Bomb Case (1909). In the
\njudgement there was a difference of opinion
\nbetween him and the Chief Justice in respect
\nof five appellants. (A.B.T.)
\na 2:287 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCamot, <\/b> Sadi Marie-Francois-Sadi Carnot
\n(1837-94), an engineer turned statesman who
\nserved as fourth president (1887-94) of the
\nThird Republic of France until he was assassinated by an Italian anarchist. (Enc. Br.)
\nD XX: 120 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCarolean<\/b> (poets) belonging to or typical of
\nthe age of Charles I of England (1625-42).
\n(H.L.) a 9:80, 82 <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-64<\/font> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n

\n                                                                                            <\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

\n\n\n
\n

\nCarpenter, <\/b> Edward (1844-1929), English
\nauthor and poet. He was identified with social reform and the late 19th-century
\nanti-industrial arts and crafts movement. (Enc. Br.) 
\n9:2, 18, 147-48, 152-55, 157, 196, 203, 229, 252 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCan<\/b>author of The Philosophy of
\nBenedetto
\n<\/b>Croce.<\/i> (A) 1-1 9:485 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCarranza, <\/b> Venustiano (1859-1920), Mexican
\nstatesman, a leader in the civil war following the overthrow of the dictator
\nPorfirio Diaz, and the first president (1914-20) of the new Mexican Republic.
\nThe son of a landowner, Carranza became active in local and state politics in
\n1877. In 1910, he joined the struggle of Francisco Madero against Diaz, and in
\n1913 led the forces against Victoriano Huerta who had assassinated Madero. After
\nHuerta fled in 1914, Carranza’s Constitutionalist army began to splinter. See
\nalso<\/i> Villa. (Enc. Br.) [From "Record of Yoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27] <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCartesian<\/b> of or relating to Cartesianism, which in its broadest sense is a set of philosophical traditions and scientific
\nattitudes derived from the rationalistic mind\/matter dualism of Rene Descartes
\n(1596-1650), who argued that the idea of mind and matter and that of God are
\ninnate. Besides its dualistic metaphysics, Cartesianism is also known for its
\nmechanistic physics and its deterministic ethics. (Enc. Br.) [From "Record of
\nYoga" MSS Nov. 1913-Oct. ’27] <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCarthage<\/b> one of the best known cities of
\nantiquity, on the north coast of Africa, near what is now Tunis. It was
\ntraditionally founded by the Phoenicians of Tyre in 814 BC. (Enc. Br.) Der:
\nCarthaginian; <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCarthagenian<\/b> (probably a misspelling
\n<\/b>of
\n<\/b>Carthaginian) 1:306, 506, 854 5:420, 505 9:372 14:349 15:298, 320, 338, 341
\n24:1633 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCartoveriya See<\/i> Kartavirya, Haihaya
\nArjuna<\/b> <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCashmere; Cashmeri(an)<\/b> See<\/i> Kashmir <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCassandra<\/b> in Greek legend, a Trojan princess, daughter of Priam and Hecuba. She was loved by Apollo but deceived him. In
\nretaliation the god turned to a curse the gift of prophecy he had bestowed on
\nher, causing her prophecies never to be believed. When Troy fell, she was
\ndragged from the image of Athene where she had taken refuge and violated by the Locrian Ajax,
\nand after the Trojan War she was the slave
\n<\/font><\/td>\n

\n

\nof Agamemnon, whose
\nwife, Clytemnestra, killed her. (Col. Enc.; M.I.)  5:450-52, 454, 460, 503
\n<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCassiope(a)<\/b> a character Queen of Syria in Sri Aurobindo’s play Perseus the Deliverer.
\n<\/i>(It should be remembered that the Syria of this play is "a Syria of romance,
\nnot of history". Cassiopia, in Greek mythology, was the Ethiopian queen who
\noffended seanymphs by boasting about her own or her daughter’s beauty). (A) 
\n6:1, 3, 43-48, 50-54, 79, 103, 108-13, 119, 123-24, 131-37, 140-43, 147, 150, 166-67, 171-72, 176, 182-84, 186-87, 191-92, 199, 201 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCassius<\/b> a character one of the
\nconspirators against Julius Caesar in Shakespeare’s historical tragedy
\nJulius Caesar.<\/i> Historically, Gaius Cassius Longinus was a Roman soldier who
\ntook a leading part in the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar. He later committed
\nsuicide. (Shakes.; Col. Enc.) a 12:38 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCastiglione<\/b>, Baldassare (1478-1529), Italian
\nhumanist, chiefly known for his prose dialogue \/\/ Cortegiano<\/i> (1528).
\nThe work had much influence on the literature of England, e.g., on Surrey, Wyatt, Sidney, and Spenser. (Ox. Comp.) Q 1:7 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCastile a region, and former kingdom, in central
\nand northern Spain, traditionally divided into Old Castile, in the north, and
\nNew Castile, in the south. (Col. Enc.) Der: Castilians n 7: 825 15: 356 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCastor and Pollux in Greek and Roman religion, twin
\nheroes called the Dioscuri. They were gigantic and gifted in battle. Castor, the
\nelder of the two, was particularly noted for training horses; Pollux was outstanding as a boxer. When Castor was killed during a dispute between the twin
\nbrothers, and Pollux refused immortality, Zeus transformed the brothers into the
\nconstellation Gemini. See also<\/i> Dioskouroi. (Col. Enc.) Var: Kastor;
\nPolydeuces or Poludeukes. (Pollux is the Latin form of the Greek name Polydeuces.) 
\n10:75, 77, 153, 318 17:257 XV: 41 XVI: 164-65 XVII: 44, 46 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCatalonian<\/b> (native) of Catalonia, a region
\nof northeastern Spain, stretching from the Pyrenees at the French border
\nsouthward along the Mediterranean. (Col. Enc.)  15:290 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCatherine(s) Catherine I (16847-1727), wife of
\nPeter the Great and empress and czarina of Russia (1725-27); Catherine II or
\nCatherine the Great (1729-96), German-born empress and czarina of Russia
\n(1762-96) (Col. Enc.)  15:356-57, 513<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-65 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n

\n <\/p>\n

\n\n\n
\n

\nCatholic (Christianity)<\/b> a term (from the
\nGreek word katholikos, "universal") used by
\necclesiatical writers since the 2nd century to
\ndistinguish the Christian Church at large
\nfrom local communities or from heretical and
\nschismatic sects’Roman Catholicism is characterized by its uniform, highly
\ndeveloped doctrinal and organizational structure that traces its history to the
\nApostles of Jesus Christ in the first century AD. Along with Eastern Orthodoxy
\nand Protestantism it is one of the three major branches of Christianity. In the modern world, however, not only
\nthe Roman Catholic Church but also the
\nEastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican
\nChurch, and a variety of national churches
\nand minor sects claim to be catholic, though
\nnot necessarily the only true catholic church.
\nMajor Protestant churches also claim to be a
\npart of the catholic (universal) Christian
\nChurch. (Enc. Br.) Der:
\n<\/b>Catholicism<\/i>
\n<\/b> 3:487 4:147 9:42, 62, 77, 84, 114 12:54
\n14:152, 162 15: 10, 32, 299, 353, 357 16:309-10.
\n365 22:130 23:510 VIII: 172 XIII: 29-30 XVI:<\/b> 180 <\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCato<\/b>‘ Cato the Elder or Cato the Censor
\n(234-149 BC), Roman statesman, orator, and
\nmoralist, whose full name was Marcus Porcius Cato. Sent on an official visit to Carthage
\nin his old age, he returned stem with disapproval of Carthaginian ways. Every speech he
\nmade in the senate he ended with the words
\n"Delenda est Carthago": "Carthage must be
\ndestroyed". (Col. Enc.)  24:1633<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCato2<\/b> Cato the Younger or Cato of Utica
\n(95-46 Be), Roman statesman, whose full
\nname was Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis; he
\nwas great grandson of Cato the Elder (see
\n<\/i>Cato’). His high reputation for honesty and
\nincorruptibility and stiff-necked refusal to
\ncompromise made him none too popular
\nwith his colleagues. He was from the very
\nfirst a violent opponent of Julius Caesar.
\nAfter Caesar crushed Scipio at Thapsus
\n(46 BC), Cato committed suicide at Utica, bidding his people to make their peace with
\nCaesar. (Col. Enc.) a ix: 14<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCatriona<\/b> In Sri Aurobindo’s play The Maid
\nin the Mill, <\/i> the daughter of Count Conrad.  7:876<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCatullus, <\/b> Gaius Valerius (c. 84-c. 54 sc), an intensely emotional Roman poet whose
\nexpressions of love and hatred are generally
\nconsidered the finest lyric poetry of ancient
\nRome. (Enc.Br.)  3:55 5:587 8:411 9:407, 530 29: 809<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaturvyuha<\/b> the fourfold manifestation of the
\nSupreme; the four powers, given the names
\nSrikrishna (also <\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\ncalled Mahavira), Balarama, Pradyumna and Aniruddha.
\nThese four personalities are associated together in Puranic
\nlegend, where Balarama is Krishna’s elder
\nbrother, Pradyumna his son, and Aniruddha his grandson. Each of the four divine powers
\nhas a special relation to one of the four
\nVarnas and one of the four Yugas; their
\nShaktis are the four principal aspects of
\nthe Divine Mother. (A &R, XIX: 91)  3:452 21:714<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaucasus<\/b> mountain system in USSR, between Europe and Asia. (Col. Enc.)
\na 17:385<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCaushiquie<\/b> a character widow of the Vidurbhan minister, who became a religious
\nmendicant in Kalidasa’s play Mdlavikdgnimitram<\/i> (see Malavica and the King).
\n<\/i>Var: <\/b> Cowshiquie<\/i> a 8:135, 149-53 <\/b> X: 116, 130-34, 136-39<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCavasjee an Indian architect who worked
\n(1905\/06) as an assistant to Mr. MacCabe, the chief engineer of the Calcutta Corporation, in the extension of the New
\nMarket. (A)  1:194<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCavour Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour
\n(1810-61), Italian statesman, premier of
\nSardinia (1852-59, 1860-61). The active
\nforce behind King Victor Emmanuel II, he
\nwas more than any other man responsible for
\nthe unification of Italy under the house of
\nSavoy. (Col. Enc.) 1:139, 309, 335, 876 2:162, 164-65, 411 3:267, 480-82 16:304 X: 149<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCayshie<\/b> in the Mahabharata, <\/i> a giant, son
\nof Kashyapa by Danu, who fought with and
\nwas defeated by Indra. He also fought with
\nVishnu for thirteen days. (Dow.; M.N.)  5:193 7:914, 922<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCecil, Algernon (Edgar Algernon) Robert
\nGascoyne-Cecil (1864-1958), 1st Viscount
\nCecil ofChelwood, British statesman, winner
\nof the 1937 Nobel Peace Prize. He was one
\nof the principal draftsmen of the League of
\nNations Covenant in 1919 and one of the
\nmost loyal workers for the League until its
\nsupersession by the United Nations in 1945.
\n(Enc. Br.)  2:30-31<\/font><\/p>\n

\n <\/p>\n

\nCellini, <\/b> Benvenuto (1500-71), a Florentine
\n(Italian) goldsmith and sculptor, and author
\nof one of the most vivid and interesting
\nautobiographies ever written. (Ox. Comp.) 1:7<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n Page-66<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

earned him the sobriquet "Member for India". (Enc. Am.; Col. Enc.)  1:343   Bradlaugh Hall a hall located in Lahore in the Punjab (now in…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-glossary-and-index-of-proper-names-in-sri-aurobindos-works","wpcat-87-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3579"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3579\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}