{"id":3613,"date":"2013-07-13T01:49:58","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=3613"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:49:58","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:49:58","slug":"12-the-significance-of-sacrifice-vol-essays-on-the-gita-1950-edn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/02-other-editions\/essays-on-the-gita-1950-edn\/12-the-significance-of-sacrifice-vol-essays-on-the-gita-1950-edn","title":{"rendered":"-12_The Significance of Sacrifice.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"<div align=\"center\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" width=\"100%\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\"><b><font size=\"2\">XII<\/font><\/b> <\/font><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<b><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SACRIFICE <\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\"><font size=\"4\">T<\/font><font size=\"2\">HE<\/font> G<font size=\"2\">ITA&#8217;S<\/font> theory of sacrifice is stated in two separate passages; one<br \/>\nwe find in the third chapter, another in the fourth; the first gives it<br \/>\nin language which might, taken by itself, seem to be speaking only<br \/>\nof the ceremonial sacrifice; the second interpreting that into the<br \/>\nsense of a larger philosophical symbolism, transforms at once its whole<br \/>\nsignificance and raises it to a plane of high psychological and spiritual truth. &quot;With sacrifice the Lord of creatures of old created creatures and said, By this shall you bring forth (fruits or offspring),<br \/>\nlet this be your milker of desires. Foster by this the gods and let the<br \/>\ngods foster you; fostering each other, you shall attain to the supreme<br \/>\ngood. Fostered by sacrifice the gods shall give you desired enjoyments; who enjoys their given enjoyments and has not given to them, he<br \/>\nis a thief. The good who eat what is left from the sacrifice, are released from all sin; but evil are they and enjoy sin who cook (the<br \/>\nfood) for their own sake. From food creatures come into being, from<br \/>\nrain is the birth of food, from sacrifice comes into being the rain,<br \/>\nsacrifice is born of work; work know to be born of Brahman, Brahman<br \/>\nis born of the Immutable; therefore is the all-pervading Brahman<br \/>\nestablished in the sacrifice. He who follows not here the wheel thus<br \/>\nset in movement, evil is his being, sensual is his delight, in vain, 0<br \/>\nPartha, that man lives.&quot; Having thus stated the necessity of sacrifice,<br \/>\n\u2014we shall see hereafter in what sense we may understand a passage<br \/>\nwhich seems at first sight to convey only a traditional theory of ritualism and the necessity of the ceremonial offering,\u2014Krishna proceeds to<br \/>\nstate the superiority of the spiritual man to works. &quot;But the man<br \/>\nwhose delight is in the Self and who is satisfied with the enjoyment<br \/>\nof the Self and in the Self he is content, for him there exists no<br \/>\nWork that needs to be done. He has no object here to be gained by action done<br \/>\nand none to be gained by action undone; he has no dependence on all these existences for any object to be gained.&quot;<br \/>\n<\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">Here then are the two ideals, Vedist and Vedantist, standing as<b><br \/>\n<\/b>if<b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/font><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">Page-103<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">in all their sharp original separation and opposition, on one side the<br \/>\nactive ideal of acquiring enjoyments here and the highest good beyond by sacrifice and the mutual dependence of the human being<br \/>\nand the divine powers and, on the other, facing it, the austerer ideal<br \/>\nof the liberated man who, independent in the Spirit, has nothing to<br \/>\ndo with enjoyment or works or the human or the divine worlds, but<br \/>\nexists only in the peace of the supreme Self, joys only in the calm<br \/>\njoy of the Brahman. The next verses create a ground for the reconciliation between the two extremes; the secret is not inaction as soon<br \/>\nas one turns towards the higher truth, but desireless action both before and after it is reached. The liberated man has nothing to gain<br \/>\nby action, but nothing also to gain by inaction, and it is not at all<br \/>\nfor any personal object that he has to make his choice. &quot;Therefore<br \/>\nwithout attachment perform ever the work that is to be done (done<br \/>\nfor the sake of the world, <i>lokasamgraha,<\/i> as is made clear immediately<br \/>\nafterward); for by doing work without attachment man attains to<br \/>\nthe highest. For it was even by works that Janaka and the rest attained to perfection.&quot; It is true that works and sacrifice are a means<br \/>\nof arriving at the highest good, <i>&#347;reyah&#61477; param av&#257;psyatha;<\/i> but there<br \/>\nare three kinds of works, that done without sacrifice for personal enjoyment which is entirely selfish and egoistic and misses the true law<br \/>\nand aim and utility of life, <i>mogham p&#257;rtha sa j&#299;vati,<\/i> that done with<br \/>\ndesire, but sacrifice and the enjoyment only as a result of sacrifice<br \/>\nand therefore to that extent consecrated and sanctified, and that done<br \/>\nwithout desire or attachment of any kind. It is the last which brings<br \/>\nthe soul of man to the highest, <i>param &#257;pnoti purus&#61477;ah&#61477;.<\/i> <\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">The whole sense and drift of this teaching turns upon the interpretation we are to give to the important words, <i>yaj\u00f1a, karma,<br \/>\nbrahma,<br \/>\n<\/i>sacrifice, work, Brahman. If the sacrifice is simply the Vedic sacrifice,<br \/>\nif the work from which it is born is the Vedic rule of works and it<br \/>\nthe <i>brahman<\/i> from which the work itself is born is the <i>&#347;abdabrahman <\/i>in the sense only of the letter of the Veda, then all the positions of<br \/>\nthe Vedist dogma are conceded and there is nothing more. Ceremonial sacrifice is the right means of gaining children, wealth, enjoyment; by ceremonial sacrifice rain is brought down from heaven<br \/>\nand the prosperity and continuity of the race assured; life is a continual transaction between the gods and men in which man offers<br \/>\nceremonial gifts to the gods from the gifts they have bestowed on<br \/>\nhim and in return is enriched, protected, fostered. Therefore all human&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">Page-104<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">works have to be accompanied and turned into a sacrament by<br \/>\nceremonial sacrifice and ritualistic worship; work not so dedicated<br \/>\nis accursed, enjoyment without previous ceremonial sacrifice and ritual<br \/>\nconsecration is a sin. Even salvation, even the highest good is to be<br \/>\ngained by ceremonial sacrifice. It must never be abandoned. Even the<br \/>\nseeker of liberation has to continue to do ceremonial sacrifice, although without attachment; it is by ceremonial sacrifice and ritualistic works done without attachment that men of the type of Janaka<br \/>\nattained to spiritual perfection and liberation. <\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">Obviously, this cannot be the meaning of the Gita, for it would<br \/>\nbe in contradiction with all the rest of the book. Even in the passage<br \/>\nitself, without the illumining interpretation afterwards given to it<br \/>\nin the fourth chapter, we have already an indication of a wider sense<br \/>\nwhere it is said that sacrifice is born from work, work from <i>brahman, brahman<\/i> from the Akshara, and therefore the all-pervading Brahman,<br \/>\n<i>sarvagatam Vrahma,<\/i> is established in the sacrifice. The connecting<br \/>\nlogic of the &quot;therefore&quot; and the repetition of the word <i>brahma<\/i> are<br \/>\nsignificant; for it shows clearly that the <i>brahman<\/i> from which all work<br \/>\nis born has to be understood with an eye not so much to the current<br \/>\nVedic teaching in which it means the Veda as to a symbolic sense<br \/>\nin which the creative Word is identical with the all-pervading Brahman, the Eternal, the one Self present in all existences, <i>sarvdbh&#363;tes&#61477;u,<br \/>\n<\/i>and present in all the workings of existence. The Veda is the knowledge of the Divine, the Eternal,\u2014&quot;I am He who is to be known in<br \/>\nall the books of the Knowledge,&quot; <i>vedes&#61477;u vedyah&#61477;,<\/i> Krishna will say in<br \/>\na subsequent chapter; but it is the knowledge of him in the workings<br \/>\nof Prakriti, in the workings of the three <i>gunas,<\/i> first qualities or modes<br \/>\nof Nature, <i>traigun&#61477;yavis&#61477;aya vedah&#61477;.<\/i> This Brahman or Divine in the<br \/>\nWorkings of Nature is born, as we may say, out of the Akshara, the<br \/>\nimmutable Purusha, the Self who stands above all the modes or<br \/>\nqualities or workings of Nature, <i>nistraigun&#61477;ya.<\/i> The Brahman is one<br \/>\nbut self-displayed in two aspects, the immutable Being and the creator<br \/>\nand originator of works in the mutable becoming, <i>&#257;tman, sarvabh&#363;t&#257;ni;<\/i> it is the immobile omnipresent Soul of things and it is the<br \/>\nspiritual principle of the mobile workings of things, Purusha poised<br \/>\nin himself and Purusha active in Prakriti; it is <i>aks&#61477;ara<\/i> and <i>ks&#61477;ara.<\/i> In<br \/>\nboth of these aspects the Divine Being, Purushottama, manifests<br \/>\nhimself in the universe; the immutable above all qualities is His<br \/>\npoise of peace, self-possession, equality, <i>samam Brahma;<\/i> from that <\/font><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">Page-105<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">proceeds His manifestation in the qualities o\u00a3 Prakriti and their universal workings; from the Purusha in Prakriti, from this Brahman<br \/>\nwith qualities, proceed all the works<sup>1<\/sup> of the universal energy, Karma,<br \/>\nin man and in all existences; from that work proceeds the principle of<br \/>\nsacrifice. Even the material interchange between gods and men proceeds upon this principle, as typefied in the dependence of rain and<br \/>\nits product food on this working and on them the physical birth of<br \/>\ncreatures. For all the working of Prakriti is in its true nature a sacrifice, <i>yaj\u00f1a,<\/i> with the Divine Being as the enjoyer of all energisms and<br \/>\nworks and sacrifice and the great Lord of all existences, <i>bhokt&#257;ram<br \/>\nyaj\u00f1atapas&#257;m sarvabh&#363;ta-mahe&#347;varam,<\/i> and to know this Divine all-&#8216;<br \/>\npervading and established in sacrifice, <i>sarvagatam yaj\u00f1e prat&#61477;is&#61477;thitam,<br \/>\nis<\/i> the true, the Vedic knowledge. <\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">But he may be known in an inferior action through the <i>devas,<\/i> the<br \/>\ngods, the powers of the divine Soul in Nature and in the eternal interaction of these powers and the soul of man, mutually giving and<br \/>\nreceiving, mutually helping, increasing, raising each others&#8217; workings and satisfaction, a commerce in which man rises towards a growing fitness for the supreme good. He recognises that his life is a part<br \/>\nof this divine action in Nature and not a thing separate and to be<br \/>\nheld and pursued for its own sake. He regards his enjoyments and<br \/>\nthe satisfaction of his desires as the fruit of sacrifice and the gift of<br \/>\nthe gods in their divine universal workings and he ceases to pursue<br \/>\nthem in the false and evil spirit of sinful egoistic selfishness as it<br \/>\nthey were a good to be seized from life by his own unaided strength<br \/>\nwithout return and without thankfulness. As this spirit increases in<br \/>\nhim, he subordinates his desires, becomes satisfied with sacrifice as<br \/>\nthe law of life and works and is content with whatever remains over<br \/>\nfrom the sacrifice, giving up all the rest freely as an offering in the great <\/font><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\" size=\"2\"><sup>l<\/sup> That this is the right interpretation results also from the opening of the<br \/>\neighth chapter where the universal principles are enumerated, <i>aks&#61477;ara (brahma),<br \/>\nsvabh&#257;va, karma, ks&#61477;ara bh&#257;va, purus&#61477;a, adhiyaj\u00f1a.<\/i> Akshara is the immutable<br \/>\nBrahman, spirit or self, Atman; swabhava is the principle of the self, <i>adhy&#257;tma,<br \/>\n<\/i>operative as the original nature of the being, &quot;own way of becoming,&quot; and this<br \/>\nproceeds out of the self, the Akshara; Karma proceeds from that and is the<br \/>\ncreative movement, <i>visarga,<\/i> which brings all natural beings and all changing<br \/>\nsubjective and objective shapes of being into existence; the result of Karma<br \/>\ntherefore is all this mutable becoming, the changes of nature developed out of<br \/>\nthe original self-nature, <i>ks&#61477;ara bh&#257;va<\/i> out of <i>svabh&#257;va;<\/i> Purusha is the soul, the<br \/>\ndivine element in the becoming, <i>adhidaivata,<\/i> by whose presence the workings<br \/>\nof Karma become a sacrifice, <i>yaj\u00f1a, to<\/i> the divine within; <i>adhiyaj\u00f1a<\/i> is this secret<br \/>\nDivine who receives the sacrifice. <\/font><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&nbsp;<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">Page-106<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">and beneficent interchange between his life and the world-life. Whoever goes contrary to this law of action and pursues works and enjoyment for his own isolated personal self-interest, lives in vain; he misses<br \/>\nthe true meaning and aim and utility of living and the upward growth<br \/>\nof the soul; he is not on the path which leads to the highest good. But<br \/>\nthe highest only comes when the sacrifice is no longer to the gods, but<br \/>\nto the one all-pervading Divine established in the sacrifice, of whom<br \/>\nthe gods are inferior forms and powers, and when he puts away the<br \/>\nlower self that desires and enjoys and gives up his personal sense of<br \/>\nbeing the worker to the true executrix of all works, Prakriti, and his<br \/>\npersonal sense of being the enjoyer to the Divine Purusha, the higher<br \/>\nand universal Self who is the real enjoyer of the works of Prakriti.<br \/>\nIn that Self and not in any personal enjoyment he finds now his<br \/>\nsole satisfaction, complete content, pure delight; he has nothing to<br \/>\ngain by action or inaction, depends neither on gods nor men for<br \/>\nanything, seeks no profit from any, for the self-delight is all-sufficient<br \/>\nto him, but does works for the sake of the Divine only, as a pure sacrifice, without attachment or desire. Thus he gains equality and becomes free from the modes of Nature, <i>nistraigun&#61477;ya;<\/i> his soul takes<br \/>\nits poise not in the insecurity of Prakriti, but in the peace of the<br \/>\nimmutable Brahman, even while his actions continue in the movement of Prakriti. Thus is sacrifice his way of attaining to the Highest. <\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">That this is the sense of the passage is made clear in what follows,<br \/>\nby the affirmation of <i>lokasamgraha<\/i> as the object of works, of Prakriti<br \/>\nas the sole doer of works and the divine Purusha as their equal upholder, to whom works have to be given up even in their doing,\u2014<br \/>\nthis inner giving up of works and yet physical doing of them is the<br \/>\nculmination of sacrifice,\u2014and by the affirmation that the result of<br \/>\nsuch active sacrifice with an equal and desireless mind is liberation<br \/>\nfrom the bondage of works. &quot;He who is satisfied with whatever gain<br \/>\ncomes to him and equal in failure and success, is not bound even<br \/>\nwhen he acts. When a man liberated, free from attachment, acts for<br \/>\nsacrifice, all his action is dissolved,&quot; leaves, that is to say, no result<br \/>\nof bondage or after-impression on his free, pure, perfect and equal<br \/>\nsoul. To these passages we shall have to return. They are followed<br \/>\nby a perfectly explicit and detailed interpretation of the meaning of<br \/>\n<i>yaj\u00f1a<\/i> in the language of the Gita which leaves no doubt at all about<br \/>\nthe symbolic use of the words and the psychological character of the<br \/>\nsacrifice enjoined by this teaching. In the ancient Vedic system there <\/font><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">Page-107<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">was always a double sense physical and psychological, outward and<br \/>\nsymbolic, the exterior form of the sacrifice and the inner meaning o\u00a3<br \/>\nall its circumstances. But the secret symbolism of the ancient Vedic<br \/>\nmystics, exact, curious, poetic, psychological, had been long forgotten<br \/>\nby this time and it is now replaced by .another, large, general and<br \/>\nphilosophical in the spirit of Vedanta and a later Yoga. The fire of<br \/>\nsacrifice, <i>agni,<\/i> is no material flame, but <i>brahm&#257;gni,<\/i> the fire of the<br \/>\nsacrifice, into which the offering is poured; the fire is self-control or<br \/>\nit is a purified sense-action or it is the vital energy in that discipline<br \/>\nof the control of the vital being through the control of the breath<br \/>\nwhich is common to Rajayoga and Hathayoga, or it is the fire of self-knowledge, the flame of the supreme sacrifice. The food eaten as the.<br \/>\nleavings of the sacrifice is, it is explained, the nectar of immortality,<br \/>\n<i>amr&#61477;ta,<\/i> left over from the offering; and here we have still something<br \/>\nof the old Vedic symbolism in which the Soma-wine was the physical<br \/>\nsymbol of the <i>amr&#61477;ta,<\/i> the immortalisirg delight of the divine ecstasy<br \/>\nwon by the sacrifice, offered to the gods and drunk by men. The<br \/>\noffering itself is whatever working of his energy, physical or psychological, is consecrated by him in action of body or action of mind to<br \/>\nthe gods or God, to the Self or to the universal powers, to one&#8217;s own<br \/>\nhigher Self or to the Self in mankind and in all existences. <\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">This elaborate explanation of the Yajna sets out with a vast and<br \/>\ncomprehensive definition in which it is declared that the act and<br \/>\nenergy and materials of the sacrifice, the giver and receiver of the<br \/>\nsacrifice, the goal and object of the sacrifice are all the one Brahman.<br \/>\n&quot;Brahman is the giving, Brahman is the food-offering, by Brahman<br \/>\nit is offered into the Brahman-fire, Brahman is that which is to be<br \/>\nattained by samadhi in Brahman-action.&quot; This then is the knowledge<br \/>\nin which the liberated man has to do works of sacrifice. It is the<br \/>\nknowledge declared of old in the great Vedantic utterances, &quot;I am<br \/>\nHe,&quot; &quot;All this verily is the Brahman, Brahman is this Self.&quot; It is the<br \/>\nknowledge of the entire unity; it is the One manifest as the doer and<br \/>\nthe deed and the object of works, knower and knowledge and the<br \/>\nobject of knowledge. The universal energy into which the action<br \/>\nis poured is the Divine; the consecrated energy of the giving is<br \/>\nthe Divine; whatever is offered is only some form of the Divine; the giver of the offering is the Divine himself in man; the action, the<br \/>\nwork, the sacrifice is itself the Divine in movement, in activity; the<br \/>\ngoal to be reached by sacrifice is the Divine. For the man who has <\/font><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">Page-108<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">this knowledge and lives and acts in it, there can be no binding works,<br \/>\nno personal and egoistically appropriated action; there is only the<br \/>\ndivine Purusha acting by the divine Prakriti in His own being, offering everything into the fire of His self-conscious cosmic energy, while<br \/>\nthe knowledge and the possession of His divine existence and consciousness by the soul unified with Him is the goal of all this God-directed movement and activity. To know that and to live and act<br \/>\nin this unifying consciousness is to be free. <\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">But all even of the Yogins have not attained to this knowledge.<br \/>\n&quot;Some Yogins follow after the sacrifice which is of the gods; others<br \/>\noffer the sacrifice by the sacrifice itself into the Brahman-fire.&quot; The<br \/>\nformer conceive of the Divine in various forms and powers and seek<br \/>\nhim by various means, ordinances, <i>dharmas,<\/i> laws or, as we might<br \/>\nsay, settled rites of action, self-discipline, consecrated works; for the<br \/>\nlatter, those who already know, the simple fact of sacrifice, of offering<br \/>\nwhatever work to the Divine itself, of casting all their activities into<br \/>\nthe unified divine consciousness and energy, is their one means, their<br \/>\none <i>dharma.<\/i> The means of sacrifice are various; the offerings are of<br \/>\nmany kinds. There is the psychological sacrifice of self-control and<br \/>\nself-discipline which leads to the higher self-possession and self-knowledge. &quot;Some offer their senses into the fires of control, others<br \/>\noffer the objects of sense into the fires of sense, and others offer all<br \/>\nthe actions of the sense and all the actions of the vital force into the<br \/>\nfire of the Yoga of self-control kindled by knowledge.&quot; There is, that<br \/>\nis to say, the discipline which receives the objects of sense-perception<br \/>\nwithout allowing the mind to be disturbed or affected by its sense-activities, the senses themselves becoming pure fires of sacrifice; there<br \/>\nis the discipline which stills the senses so that the soul in its purity<br \/>\nmay appear from behind the veil of mind-action, calm and still; there<br \/>\nis the discipline by which, when the self is known, all the action of<br \/>\nthe sense-perceptions and all the action of the vital being are received<br \/>\ninto that one still and tranquil soul. The offering of the striver after<br \/>\nperfection may be material and physical, <i>dravya-yaj\u00f1a,<\/i> like that consecrated in worship by the devotee to his deity, or it may be the<br \/>\nausterity of his self-discipline and energy of his soul directed to some<br \/>\nhigh aim, <i>tdpo-yaj\u00f1a,<\/i> or it may be some form of Yoga like the Pranayama of the Rajayogins and Hathayogins, or any other <i>yoga-yaj\u00f1a.<\/i> All<br \/>\nthese tend to the purification of the being; all sacrifice is a way towards the attainment of the highest. <\/font><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">Page-109<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">The one thing needful, the saving principle constant in all these<br \/>\nvariations, is to subordinate the lower activities, to diminish the control of desire and replace it by a superior energy, to abandon the<br \/>\npurely egoistic enjoyment for that diviner delight which comes by<br \/>\nsacrifice, by self-dedication, by self-mastery, by the giving up of<br \/>\none&#8217;s lower impulses to a greater and higher aim. &quot;They who enjoy<br \/>\nthe nectar of immortality left over from the sacrifice attain to the<br \/>\neternal Brahman.&quot; Sacrifice is the law of the world and nothing can<br \/>\nbe gained without it, neither mastery here, nor the possession of<br \/>\nheavens beyond, nor the supreme possession of all; &quot;this world is not<br \/>\nfor him who doeth not sacrifice, how then any other world?&quot; There.<br \/>\nfore all these and many other forms of sacrifice have been &quot;extended<br \/>\nin the mouth of the Brahman,&quot; the mouth of that Fire which receives<br \/>\nall offerings; they are all means and forms of the one great Existence<br \/>\nin activity, means by which the action of the human being can be<br \/>\noffered up to That of which his outward Existence is a part and with<br \/>\nwhich his inmost self is one. They are &quot;all born of work&quot;; all proceed from and are ordained by the one vast energy of the divine<br \/>\nwhich manifests itself in the universal <i>karma<\/i> and makes all the<br \/>\ncosmic activity a progressive offering to the one Self and Lord and<br \/>\nof which the last stage for the human being is self-knowledge and<br \/>\nthe possession of the divine or Brahmic consciousness. &quot;So knowing<br \/>\nthou shalt become free.&quot; <\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">But there are gradations in the range of these various forms of<br \/>\nsacrifice, the physical offering the lowest, the sacrifice of knowledge<br \/>\nthe highest. Knowledge is that in which all this action culminates, not<br \/>\nany lower knowledge, but the highest self-knowledge and God-knowledge, that which we can learn from those who know the true principles of existence, that by possessing which we shall not fall again<br \/>\ninto the bewilderment of the mind&#8217;s ignorance and into its bondage<br \/>\nto mere sense-knowledge and to the inferior activity of the desires<br \/>\nand passions. The knowledge in which all culminates is that by which<br \/>\n&quot;thou shalt see all existences (becomings, <i>bh&#363;t&#257;ni)<\/i> without exception<br \/>\nin the Self, then in Me.&quot; For the Self is that one, immutable, all-pervading, all-containing, self-existent reality or Brahman hidden behind our mental being into which our consciousness widens out when<br \/>\nit is liberated from the ego; we come to see all beings as becomings,<br \/>\n<i>bhut&#257;ni,<\/i> within that one self-existence. <\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 25pt;line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font face=\"Times New Roman\">But this Self or immutable Brahman we see too to be<br \/>\nthe self-presentation <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">Page-110<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">to our essential psychological consciousness of a supreme<br \/>\nBeing who is the source of our existence and of whom all that is mutable or immutable is the manifestation. He is God, the Divine, the<br \/>\nPurushottama. To Him we offer everything as a sacrifice; into His<br \/>\nhands we give up our actions; in His existence we live and move; unified with Him in our nature and with all existence in Him, we<br \/>\nbecome one soul and one power of being with Him and with all<br \/>\nbeings; with His supreme reality we identity and unite our self-being. By works done for sacrifice, eliminating desire, we arrive at<br \/>\nknowledge and at the soul&#8217;s possession of itself; by works done in<br \/>\nself-knowledge and God-knowledge we are liberated into the unity,<br \/>\npeace and joy of the divine existence. <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">\n<span lang=\"en-gb\"><br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">Page-111<\/font><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>XII &nbsp; THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SACRIFICE &nbsp; THE GITA&#8217;S theory of sacrifice is stated in two separate passages; one we find in the third chapter,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[90],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-essays-on-the-gita-1950-edn","wpcat-90-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3613","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3613"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3613\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}