{"id":628,"date":"2013-07-13T01:29:20","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:29:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=628"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:29:20","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:29:20","slug":"09-the-methods-of-vedantic-knowledge-vol-18-the-life-divine-volume-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/01-sabcl\/18-the-life-divine-volume-18\/09-the-methods-of-vedantic-knowledge-vol-18-the-life-divine-volume-18","title":{"rendered":"-09_The Methods of Vedantic Knowledge .htm"},"content":{"rendered":"<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" width=\"100%\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\"><b><br \/>\n<font size=\"4\">C<\/font><font size=\"2\">HAPTER<\/font><font size=\"4\"><br \/>\nVIII<\/p>\n<p><\/font><\/b>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">\n<b><font size=\"4\">The Methods of Vedantic Knowledge<\/font><font size=\"5\"><\/p>\n<p><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"justify\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"right\"><small>This secret Self in all beings is not apparent, but it is seen by means of the supreme reason, the subtle, by those who<br \/>\nhave the subtle vision.<\/small><\/p>\n<p align=\"right\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\"><small>&nbsp;Katha Upanishad.<font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u00b9 <\/font><\/small><\/p>\n<p align=\"right\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\"><b><font size=\"4\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; B<\/font><\/b><font size=\"2\">UT<\/font> what then is the working of this Sachchidananda in the world and by what process of things are the relations between<br \/>\nitself and the ego which figures it first formed, then led to their consummation? For on those relations and on the process<br \/>\nthey follow depend the whole philosophy and practice of a divine life for man.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; We arrive at the conception<br \/>\nand at the knowledge of a divine existence by exceeding the evidence of<br \/>\nthe senses and<br \/>\npiercing beyond the walls of the physical mind. So long as we confine<br \/>\nourselves to sense-evidence and the physical<br \/>\nconsciousness, we can conceive nothing and know nothing except the<br \/>\nmaterial world and its phenomena. But certain<br \/>\nfaculties in us enable our mentality to arrive at conceptions which we<br \/>\nmay indeed deduce by ratiocination or by imaginative<br \/>\nvariation from the facts of the physical world as we see them, but<br \/>\nwhich are not warranted by any purely physical data or<br \/>\nany physical experience. The first of these instruments is the pure<br \/>\nreason.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Human reason has a double<br \/>\naction, mixed or dependent, pure or sovereign. Reason accepts a mixed<br \/>\naction when it<br \/>\nconfines itself to the circle of our sensible experience, admits its<br \/>\nlaw as the final truth and concerns itself only with the study<br \/>\nof phenomenon, that is to say, with the appearances of things in their<br \/>\nrelations, processes and utilities. This rational action is<br \/>\nincapable of knowing what is, it only knows what appears to be, it has<br \/>\nno plummet by which it can sound the depths of<br \/>\nbeing, it can only survey the field of becoming. Reason, on the other<br \/>\nhand, asserts its pure action, when accepting our<br \/>\nsensible experiences as a starting-point but refusing to be limited by<br \/>\nthem it goes behind,\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00b9<\/font><font size=\"2\">I. 3. 12.<\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page-60 <\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">judges, works in its own right and strives to arrive at general and unalterable concepts which attach themselves not to the<br \/>\nappearances of things, but to that which stands behind their appearances. It may arrive at its result by direct judgment<br \/>\npassing immediately from the appearance to that which stands behind it and in that case the concept arrived at may seem to<br \/>\nbe a result of the sensible experience and dependent upon it though it is really a perception of reason working in its own<br \/>\nright. But the perceptions of the pure reason may also&#8212;and this is their more characteristic action&#8212;use the experience<br \/>\nfrom which they start as a mere excuse and leave it far behind before they arrive at their result, so far that the result may<br \/>\nseem the direct contrary of that which our sensible experience wishes to dictate to us. This movement is legitimate and<br \/>\nindispensable, because our normal experience not only covers only a small part of universal fact, but even in the limits of its<br \/>\nown field uses instruments that are defective and gives us false weights and measures. It must be exceeded, put away to a<br \/>\ndistance and its insistences often denied if we are to arrive at more adequate conceptions of the truth of things. To correct<br \/>\nthe errors of the sense-mind by the use of reason is one of the most valuable powers developed by man and the chief cause<br \/>\nof his superiority among terrestrial beings.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The complete use of pure<br \/>\nreason brings us finally from physical to metaphysical knowledge. But<br \/>\nthe concepts of<br \/>\nmetaphysical knowledge do not in themselves fully satisfy the demand of<br \/>\nour integral being. They are indeed entirely<br \/>\nsatisfactory to the pure reason itself, because they are the very stuff<br \/>\nof its own existence. But our nature sees things<br \/>\nthrough two eyes always, for it views them doubly as idea and as fact<br \/>\nand therefore every concept is incomplete for us and<br \/>\nto a part of our nature almost unreal until it becomes an experience.<br \/>\nBut the truths which are now in question, are of an<br \/>\norder not subject to our normal experience. They are, in their nature,<br \/>\n&#8220;beyond the perception of the senses but seizable by<br \/>\nthe perception of the reason&#8221;. Therefore, some other faculty of<br \/>\nexperience is necessary by which the demand of our nature<br \/>\ncan be fulfilled and this can only come, since we are dealing with the<br \/>\nsupraphysical, by an extension of psychological<br \/>\nexperience.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page-61<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In a sense all our<br \/>\nexperience is psychological since even what we receive by the senses<br \/>\nhas no meaning or value to us<br \/>\ntill it is translated into the terms of the sense-mind, the Manas of<br \/>\nIndian philosophical terminology. Manas, say our<br \/>\nphilosophers, is the sixth sense. But we may even say that it is the<br \/>\nonly sense and that the others, vision, hearing, touch,<br \/>\nsmell, taste are merely specialisations of the sense-mind which,<br \/>\nalthough it normally uses the sense-organs for the basis of<br \/>\nits experience, yet exceeds them and is capable of a direct experience<br \/>\nproper to its own inherent action. As a result<br \/>\npsychological experience, like the cognitions of the reason, is capable<br \/>\nin man of a double action, mixed or dependent, pure or<br \/>\nsovereign. Its mixed action takes place usually when the mind seeks to<br \/>\nbecome aware of the external world, the object; the<br \/>\npure action when it seeks to become aware of itself, the subject. In<br \/>\nthe former activity, it is dependent on the senses and<br \/>\nforms its perceptions in accordance with their evidence; in the latter<br \/>\nit acts in itself and is aware of things directly by a sort<br \/>\nof identity with them. We are thus aware of our emotions; we are aware<br \/>\nof anger, as has been acutely said, because we<br \/>\nbecome anger. We are thus aware also of our own existence; and here the<br \/>\nnature of experience as knowledge by identity<br \/>\nbecomes apparent. In reality, all experience is in its secret nature<br \/>\nknowledge by identity; but its true character is hidden<br \/>\nfrom us because we have separated ourselves from the rest of the world<br \/>\nby exclusion, by the distinction of ourself as<br \/>\nsubject and everything else as object, and we are compelled to develop<br \/>\nprocesses and organs by which we may again enter<br \/>\ninto communion with all that we have excluded. We have to replace<br \/>\ndirect knowledge through conscious identity by an<br \/>\nindirect knowledge which appears to be caused by physical contact and<br \/>\nmental sympathy. This limitation is a fundamental<br \/>\ncreation of the ego and an instance of the manner in which it has<br \/>\nproceeded throughout, starting from an original falsehood<br \/>\nand covering over the true truth of things by contingent falsehoods<br \/>\nwhich become for us practical truths of relation.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\nFrom this nature of mental and sense knowledge as it is at present<br \/>\norganised in us, it follows that there is no inevitable<br \/>\nnecessity in our existing limitations. They are the result of an<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page-62<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">evolution in which mind has accustomed itself to depend upon certain physiological functionings and their reactions as its<br \/>\nnormal means of entering into relation with the material universe. Therefore, although it is the rule that when we seek to<br \/>\nbecome aware of the external world, we have to do so indirectly through the sense-organs and can experience only so much<br \/>\nof the truth about things and men as the senses convey to us, yet this rule is merely the regularity of a dominant habit. It is<br \/>\npossible for the mind,&#8212;and it would be natural for it, if it could be persuaded to liberate itself from its consent to the<br \/>\ndomination of matter,&#8212;to take direct cognisance of the objects of sense without the aid of the sense-organs. This is what<br \/>\nhappens in experiments of hypnosis and cognate psychological phenomena. Because our waking consciousness is<br \/>\ndetermined and limited by the balance between mind and matter worked out by life in its evolution, this direct cognisance is<br \/>\nusually impossible in our ordinary waking state and has therefore to be brought about by throwing the waking mind into a<br \/>\nstate of sleep which liberates the true or subliminal mind. Mind is then able to assert its true character as the one and<br \/>\nall-sufficient sense and free to apply to the objects of sense its pure and sovereign instead of its mixed and dependent<br \/>\naction. Nor is this extension of faculty really impossible but only more difficult in our waking state,&#8212;as is known to all who<br \/>\nhave been able to go far enough in certain paths of psychological experiment.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The sovereign action of the<br \/>\nsense-mind can be employed to develop other senses besides the five<br \/>\nwhich we ordinarily<br \/>\nuse. For instance, it is possible to develop the power of appreciating<br \/>\naccurately without physical means the weight of an<br \/>\nobject which we hold in our hands. Here the sense of contact and<br \/>\npressure is merely used as a starting-point, just as the<br \/>\ndata of sense-experience are used by the pure reason, but it is not<br \/>\nreally the sense of touch which gives the measure of the<br \/>\nweight to the mind; that finds the right value through its own<br \/>\nindependent perception and uses the touch only in order to<br \/>\nenter into relation with the object. And as with the pure reason, so<br \/>\nwith the sense-mind, the sense-experience can be used<br \/>\nas a mere first point from which it proceeds to a knowledge that has<br \/>\nnothing to do\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page-63<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">with the sense-organs and often contradicts their<br \/>\nevidence. Nor is the extension of faculty confined only to outsides and<br \/>\nsuperficies. It is possible, once we have entered by any of the senses<br \/>\ninto relation with an external object, so to apply the Manas as to<br \/>\nbecome aware of the contents of the object, for example, to receive or<br \/>\nto perceive the thoughts or feelings of<br \/>\nothers without aid from their utterance, gesture, action or facial<br \/>\nexpressions and even in contradiction of these always partial<br \/>\nand often misleading data. Finally, by an utilisation of the inner<br \/>\nsenses,&#8212;that is to say, of the sense-powers, in themselves, in<br \/>\ntheir purely mental or subtle activity as distinguished from the<br \/>\nphysical which is only a selection for the purposes of outward<br \/>\nlife from their total and general action,&#8212;we are able to take cognition<br \/>\nof sense-experiences, of appearances and images of<br \/>\nthings other than those which belong to the organisation of our<br \/>\nmaterial environment. All these extensions of faculty, though<br \/>\nreceived with hesitation and incredulity by the physical mind because<br \/>\nthey are abnormal to the habitual scheme of our<br \/>\nordinary life and experience, difficult to set in action, still more<br \/>\ndifficult to systematise so as to be able to make of them an<br \/>\norderly and serviceable set of instruments, must yet be admitted, since<br \/>\nthey are the invariable result of any attempt to<br \/>\nenlarge the field of our superficially active consciousness whether by<br \/>\nsome kind of untaught effort and casual ill-ordered<br \/>\neffect or by a scientific and well-regulated practice.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; None of them, however,<br \/>\nleads to the aim we have in view, the psychological experience of those<br \/>\ntruths that are<br \/>\n&#8220;beyond perception by the sense but seizable by the perceptions of the<br \/>\nreason&#8221;, <span style=\"font-style: italic\">buddhigr<\/span><font style=\"font-style: italic\" face=\"Times New Roman\">&#257;<\/font><span style=\"font-style: italic\">hyam at<\/span><font style=\"font-style: italic\" face=\"Times New Roman\">&#299;<\/font><span style=\"font-style: italic\">ndriyam<\/span>.<font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u00b9<\/font><\/p>\n<p>They give us only a larger field of phenomena and more effective means for the observation of phenomena. The truth of<br \/>\nthings always escapes beyond the sense. Yet is it a sound rule inherent in the very constitution of universal existence that<br \/>\nwhere there are truths attainable by the reason, there must be somewhere in the organism possessed of that reason a means<br \/>\nof arriving at or verifying them by experience. The one means we have left in our mentality is an extension of that form of<br \/>\nknowledge by identity which gives us the awareness of our own existence. It is really upon a self-awareness<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u00b9<\/font> <font size=\"2\">Gita, VI. 21.<\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">&nbsp;<font size=\"2\">Page-64 <\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">more or less conscient, more or less present to our conception that the knowledge of the contents of our self is based. Or to<br \/>\nput it in a more general formula, the knowledge of the contents is contained in the knowledge of the continent. If then we<br \/>\ncan extend our faculty of mental self-awareness to awareness of the Self beyond and outside us, Atman or Brahman of the<br \/>\nUpanishads, we may become possessors in experience of the truths which form the contents of the Atman or Brahman in<br \/>\nthe universe. It is on this possibility that Indian Vedanta has based itself. It has sought through knowledge of the Self the<br \/>\nknowledge of the universe.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; But always mental<br \/>\nexperience and the concepts of the reason have been held by it to be<br \/>\neven at their highest a<br \/>\nreflection in mental identifications and not the supreme self-existent<br \/>\nidentity. We have to go beyond the mind and the<br \/>\nreason. The reason active in our waking consciousness is only a<br \/>\nmediator between the subconscient All that we come from<br \/>\nin our evolution upwards and the superconscient All towards which we<br \/>\nare impelled by that evolution. The subconscient and<br \/>\nthe superconscient are two different formulations of the same All. The<br \/>\nmaster-word of the subconscient is Life, the<br \/>\nmaster-word of the superconscient is Light. In the subconscient<br \/>\nknowledge or consciousness is involved in action, for action<br \/>\nis the essence of Life. In the superconscient action re-enters into<br \/>\nLight and no longer contains involved knowledge but is<br \/>\nitself contained in a supreme consciousness. Intuitional knowledge is<br \/>\nthat which is common between them and the<br \/>\nfoundation of intuitional knowledge is conscious or effective identity<br \/>\nbetween that which knows and that which is known; it<br \/>\nis that state of common self-existence in which the knower and the<br \/>\nknown are one through knowledge. But in the<br \/>\nsubconscient the intuition manifests itself in the action, in<br \/>\neffectivity, and the knowledge or conscious identity is either<br \/>\nentirely or more or less concealed in the action. In the<br \/>\nsuperconscient, on the contrary, Light being the law and the principle,<br \/>\nthe intuition manifests itself in its true nature as knowledge emerging<br \/>\nout of conscious identity, and effectivity of action is<br \/>\nrather the accompaniment or necessary consequent and no longer masks as<br \/>\nthe primary fact. Between these two states<br \/>\nreason and mind act as\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">&nbsp; Page-65<\/p>\n<p><\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">intermediaries which enable the being to liberate knowledge out of its imprisonment in the act and prepare it to resume its<br \/>\nessential primacy. When the self-awareness in the mind applied, both to continent and content, to own-self and other-self,<br \/>\nexalts itself into the luminous self-manifest identity, the reason also converts itself into the form of the self-luminous<br \/>\nintuitional<font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u00b9<\/font><\/p>\n<p>knowledge. This is the highest possible state of our knowledge when mind fulfils itself in the supramental.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Such is the scheme of the<br \/>\nhuman understanding upon which the conclusions of the most ancient Vedanta were<br \/>\nbuilt. To develop the results arrived at on this foundation by the ancient sages<br \/>\nis not my object, but it is necessary to pass briefly in review some of their<br \/>\nprincipal conclusions so far as they affect the problem of the divine Life with<br \/>\nwhich alone we are at present concerned. For it is in those ideas that we shall<br \/>\nfind the best previous foundation of that which we seek now to rebuild and<br \/>\nalthough, as with all knowledge, old expression has to be replaced to a certain<br \/>\nextent by new expression suited to a later mentality and old light has to merge<br \/>\nitself into new light as dawn succeeds dawn, yet it is with the old treasure as<br \/>\nour initial capital or so much of it as we can recover that we shall most<br \/>\nadvantageously proceed to accumulate the largest gains in our new commerce with<br \/>\nthe ever-changeless and ever-changing Infinite. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sat Brahman, Existence<br \/>\npure, indefinable, infinite, absolute, is the last concept at which<br \/>\nVedantic analysis arrives in its<br \/>\nview of the universe, the fundamental Reality which Vedantic experience<br \/>\ndiscovers behind all the movement and formation<br \/>\nwhich constitute the apparent reality. It is obvious that when we posit<br \/>\nthis conception, we go entirely beyond what our<br \/>\nordinary consciousness, our normal experience contains or warrants. The<br \/>\nsenses and sense-mind know nothing whatever<br \/>\nabout any pure or absolute existence. All that our sense-experience<br \/>\ntells us of, is form and movement. Forms exist, but with<br \/>\nan existence that is not pure, rather always mixed, combined,<br \/>\naggregated, relative.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\"><font face=\"Times New Roman\">\u00b9<\/font> <font size=\"2\">I use<br \/>\nthe word &#8220;intuition&#8221; for want of a better. In truth, it is a makeshift and<br \/>\ninadequate to the connotation demanded of it. The same has to be said of the<br \/>\nword &#8220;consciousness&#8221; and many others which our poverty compels us to extend<br \/>\nillegitimately in their significance.<\/font><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page-66 <\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">When we go within ourselves, we may get rid of precise form, but we cannot get rid of movement, of change. Motion of<br \/>\nMatter in Space, motion of change in Time seem to be the condition of existence. We may say indeed, if we like, that this is<br \/>\nexistence and that the idea of existence in itself corresponds to no discoverable reality. At the most in the phenomenon of<br \/>\nself-awareness or behind it, we get sometimes a glimpse of something immovable and immutable, something that we<br \/>\nvaguely perceive or imagine that we are beyond all life and death, beyond all change and formation and action. Here is the<br \/>\none door in us that sometimes swings open upon the splendour of a truth beyond and, before it shuts again, allows a ray to<br \/>\ntouch us,&#8212;a luminous intimation which, if we have the strength and firmness, we may hold to in our faith and make a<br \/>\nstarting-point for another play of consciousness than that of the sense-mind, for the play of Intuition.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For if we examine<br \/>\ncarefully, we shall find that Intuition is our first teacher. Intuition<br \/>\nalways stands veiled behind our<br \/>\nmental operations. Intuition brings to man those brilliant messages<br \/>\nfrom the Unknown which are the beginning of his higher<br \/>\nknowledge. Reason only comes in afterwards to see what profit it can<br \/>\nhave of the shining harvest. Intuition gives us that<br \/>\nidea of something behind and beyond all that we know and seem to be<br \/>\nwhich pursues man always in contradiction of his<br \/>\nlower reason and all his normal experience and impels him to formulate<br \/>\nthat formless perception in the more positive ideas<br \/>\nof God, Immortality, Heaven and the rest by which we strive to express<br \/>\nit to the mind. For Intuition is as strong as Nature<br \/>\nherself from whose very soul it has sprung and cares nothing for the<br \/>\ncontradictions of reason or the denials of experience. It<br \/>\nknows what is because it is, because itself it is of that and has come<br \/>\nfrom that, and will not yield it to the judgment of what<br \/>\nmerely becomes and appears. What the Intuition tells us of, is not so<br \/>\nmuch Existence as the Existent, for it proceeds from<br \/>\nthat one point of light in us which gives it its advantage, that<br \/>\nsometimes opened door in our own self-awareness. Ancient<br \/>\nVedanta seized this message of the Intuition and formulated it in the<br \/>\nthree great declarations of the Upanishads, &#8220;I am He&#8221;,<br \/>\n&#8220;Thou art That, O Swetaketu&#8221;, &#8220;All this is the Brahman; this Self is<br \/>\nthe Brahman&#8221;.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">&nbsp; Page-67<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; But Intuition by the very<br \/>\nnature of its action in man, working as it does from behind the veil,<br \/>\nactive principally in his<br \/>\nmore unenlightened, less articulate parts, served in front of the veil,<br \/>\nin the narrow light which is our waking conscience, only<br \/>\nby instruments that are unable fully to assimilate its<br \/>\nmessages,&#8212;Intuition is unable to give us the truth in that ordered and<br \/>\narticulated form which our nature demands. Before it could effect any<br \/>\nsuch completeness of direct knowledge in us, it<br \/>\nwould have to organise itself in our surface being and take possession<br \/>\nthere of the leading part. But in our surface being it is<br \/>\nnot the Intuition, it is the Reason which is organised and helps us to<br \/>\norder our perceptions, thoughts and actions. Therefore<br \/>\nthe age of intuitive knowledge, represented by the early Vedantic<br \/>\nthinking of the Upanishads, had to give place to the age of<br \/>\nrational knowledge; inspired Scripture made room for metaphysical<br \/>\nphilosophy, even as afterwards metaphysical philosophy<br \/>\nhad to give place to experimental Science. Intuitive thought which is a<br \/>\nmessenger from the superconscient and therefore our highest faculty,<br \/>\nwas supplanted by the pure reason which is only a sort of deputy and<br \/>\nbelongs to the middle heights of our being; pure reason in its turn was<br \/>\nsupplanted for a time by the mixed action of the reason which lives on<br \/>\nour plains and lower elevations and does not in its view exceed the<br \/>\nhorizon of the experience that the physical mind and senses or such<br \/>\naids as we can invent for them can bring to us. And this process which<br \/>\nseems to be a descent, is really a circle of progress. For in each case<br \/>\nthe lower faculty is compelled to take up as much as it can assimilate<br \/>\nof what the higher had already given and to attempt to re-establish it<br \/>\nby its own methods. By the attempt it is itself enlarged in its scope<br \/>\nand arrives eventually at a more supple and a more ample<br \/>\nself-accommodation to the higher faculties. Without this succession and<br \/>\nattempt at separate assimilation we should be obliged to remain under<br \/>\nthe exclusive domination of a part of our nature while the rest<br \/>\nremained either depressed and unduly subjected or separate in its field<br \/>\nand therefore poor in its development. With this succession and<br \/>\nseparate attempt the balance is righted; a more complete harmony of our<br \/>\nparts of knowledge is prepared. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; We see this succession in the<br \/>\nUpanishads and the subsequent <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">&nbsp;<font size=\"2\">Page-68<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">Indian philosophies. The sages of the Veda and Vedanta relied entirely upon intuition and spiritual experience. It is by an<br \/>\nerror that scholars sometimes speak of great debates or discussions in the Upanishad. Wherever there is the appearance of<br \/>\na controversy, it is not by discussion, by dialectics or the use of logical reasoning that it proceeds, but by a comparison of<br \/>\nintuitions and experiences in which the less luminous gives place to the more luminous, the narrower, faultier or less<br \/>\nessential to the more comprehensive, more perfect, more essential. The question asked by one sage of another is &#8220;What<br \/>\ndost thou know?&#8221;, not &#8220;What dost thou think?&#8221; nor &#8220;To what conclusion has thy reasoning arrived?&#8221; Nowhere in the<br \/>\nUpanishads do we find any trace of logical reasoning urged in support of the truths of Vedanta. Intuition, the sages seem to<br \/>\nhave held, must be corrected by a more perfect intuition; logical reasoning cannot be its judge.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br \/>\nAnd yet the human reason demands its own method of satisfaction.<br \/>\nTherefore when the age of rationalistic speculation<br \/>\nbegan, Indian philosophers, respectful of the heritage of the past,<br \/>\nadopted a double attitude towards the Truth they sought.<br \/>\nThey recognised in the Sruti, the earlier results of Intuition or, as<br \/>\nthey preferred to call it, of inspired Revelation, an authority<br \/>\nsuperior to Reason. But at the same time they started from Reason and<br \/>\ntested the results it gave them, holding only those<br \/>\nconclusions to be valid which were supported by the supreme authority.<br \/>\nIn this way they avoided to a certain extent the<br \/>\nbesetting sin of metaphysics, the tendency to battle in the clouds<br \/>\nbecause it deals with words as if they were imperative<br \/>\nfacts instead of symbols which have always to be carefully scrutinised<br \/>\nand brought back constantly to the sense of that<br \/>\nwhich they represent. Their speculations tended at first to keep near<br \/>\nat the centre to the highest and profoundest experience<br \/>\nand proceeded with the united consent of the two great authorities,<br \/>\nReason and Intuition. Nevertheless, the natural trend of<br \/>\nReason to assert its own supremacy triumphed in effect over the theory<br \/>\nof its subordination. Hence the rise of conflicting<br \/>\nschools each of which founded itself in theory on the Veda and used its<br \/>\ntexts as a weapon against the others. For the<br \/>\nhighest intuitive Knowledge sees things in the whole, in the large and<br \/>\ndetails only as sides of the indivisible whole; its\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page-69<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">tendency is towards immediate synthesis and the unity of knowledge. Reason, on the contrary, proceeds by analysis and<br \/>\ndivision and assembles its facts to form a whole; but in the assemblage so formed there are opposites, anomalies, logical<br \/>\nincompatibilities, and the natural tendency of Reason is to affirm some and to negate others which conflict with its chosen<br \/>\nconclusions so that it may form a flawlessly logical system. The unity of the first intuitional knowledge was thus broken up<br \/>\nand the ingenuity of the logicians was always able to discover devices, methods of interpretation, standards of varying value<br \/>\nby which inconvenient texts of the Scripture could be practically annulled and an entire freedom acquired for their<br \/>\nmetaphysical speculation.\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nevertheless, the main<br \/>\nconceptions of the earlier Vedanta remained in parts in the various<br \/>\nphilosophical systems and<br \/>\nefforts were made from time to time to recombine them into some image<br \/>\nof the old catholicity and unity of intuitional<br \/>\nthought. And behind the thought of all, variously presented, survived<br \/>\nas the fundamental conception, Purusha, Atman or Sad<br \/>\nBrahman, the pure Existent of the Upanishads, often rationalised into<br \/>\nan idea or psychological state, but still carrying something of its old<br \/>\nburden of inexpressible reality. What may be the relation of the<br \/>\nmovement of becoming which is what we call the world to this absolute<br \/>\nUnity and how the ego, whether generated by the movement or cause of<br \/>\nthe movement, can return to that true Self, Divinity or Reality<br \/>\ndeclared by the Vedanta, these were the questions speculative and<br \/>\npractical which have always occupied the thought of India. <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;line-height:150%\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page-70<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CHAPTER VIII The Methods of Vedantic Knowledge &nbsp; This secret Self in all beings is not apparent, but it is seen by means of the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-18-the-life-divine-volume-18","wpcat-13-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=628"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/628\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}