{"id":861,"date":"2013-07-13T01:30:52","date_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/?p=861"},"modified":"2013-07-13T01:30:52","modified_gmt":"2013-07-13T01:30:52","slug":"09-varuna-mitra-and-the-truth-vol-10-the-secret-of-the-veda-volume-10","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/01-works-of-sri-aurobindo\/01-sabcl\/10-the-secret-of-the-veda-volume-10\/09-varuna-mitra-and-the-truth-vol-10-the-secret-of-the-veda-volume-10","title":{"rendered":"-09_Varuna &#8211; Mitra and  the Truth.htm"},"content":{"rendered":"<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"6\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse\" width=\"100%\">\n<tr>\n<td>\n<div class=\"Section1\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\"><b><font size=\"4\">C<\/font><font size=\"2\">HAPTER <\/font><br \/>\n<font size=\"4\">VII <\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\"><b><font size=\"4\">Varuna-Mitra and the Truth <\/font><\/b> <\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 98pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\"><b><br \/>\n<font size=\"4\">I<\/font><font size=\"2\">F<\/font><\/b><font size=\"2\"> <\/font><b><br \/>\n<font size=\"2\">THE <\/font><\/b>idea of the Truth that we have<br \/>\nfound in the very opening hymn of the Veda really carries in itself<br \/>\nthe contents we have supposed and amounts to the conception<br \/>\nof a supramental consciousness which is the condition of the<br \/>\nstate of immortality or beatitude and if this be the leading conception of the<br \/>\nVedic Rishis, we are bound to find it recurring<br \/>\nthroughout the hymns as a centre for other and dependent psychological<br \/>\nrealisations. In the very next Sukta, the second hymn<br \/>\nof Madhuchchhandas addressed to Indra and Vayu, we find<br \/>\nanother passage full of clear and this time quite invincible psychological<br \/>\nsuggestions in which the idea of the <i>r&#803;tam<\/i> is insisted<br \/>\nupon with an even greater force than in the hymn to Agni. The<br \/>\npassage comprises the last three Riks of the Sukta. <\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'>\n<i>Mitram huve p&#363;tadaks&#803;am, varun&#803;am<b> <\/b><br \/>\nca<br \/>\nri&#347;&#257;dasam,<\/i> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin:0;text-indent: 48pt;line-height: 150%\"><i>dhiyam ghr&#803;tac&#299;m<br \/>\ns&#257;dhant&#257;. <\/i> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin:0;text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%\">\n<i>R<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tena<br \/>\nmitr&#257;varun&#803;&#257;,<br \/>\nr&#803;t&#257;vr&#803;dh&#257; r&#803;taspr&#803;<span lang=\"VI\">&#347;&#257;<\/span>,<\/i> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin:0;text-indent: 48pt;line-height: 150%\"><i>kratum br&#803;hantam<br \/>\n&#257;&#347;&#257;the. <\/i>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin:0;text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%\">\n<i>Kav&#299; no mitr&#257;varun&#803;&#257;, tuvij&#257;t&#257; uruks&#803;ay&#257;,<\/i>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin:0;text-indent: 48pt;line-height: 150%\"><i>daks&#803;am<br \/>\ndadh&#257;te apasam.<\/i> <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">In the first Rik of this passage we have the word <i>daks&#803;a <\/i>usually explained by Sayana as strength, but capable of a psychological<br \/>\nsignificance, the important word <i>ghr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>ta<\/i> in the adjectival form <i>ghr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>t&#257;ci<\/i> and the remarkable<br \/>\nphrase <i>dhiyam ghr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>t&#257;cim. <\/i>The verse may be translated literally &quot;I invoke Mitra of purified<br \/>\nstrength (or, purified discernment) and Varuna destroyer of our<br \/>\nfoes perfecting (or accomplishing) a bright understanding.&quot; <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">In the second Rik we have <i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam<\/i> thrice repeated and the<br \/>\nwords <i>br<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>hat<\/i><br \/>\nand <i>kratu,<\/i> to both of which we have attached a considerable importance<br \/>\nin the psychological interpretation of the <\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\"><font size=\"2\">Page \u2013 65<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">Veda. <i>Kratu<\/i> here may mean either work of sacrifice or effective<br \/>\npower. In favour of the former sense we have a similar passage<br \/>\nin the Veda in which Varuna and Mitra are said to attain to or<br \/>\nenjoy by the Truth a mighty sacrifice, <i>yaj\u00f1am br<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>hantam &#257;&#347;&#257;the. <\/i>But this parallel is not conclusive; for while in one expression it<br \/>\nis the sacrifice itself that is spoken of, in the other it may be the<br \/>\npower or strength which effects the sacrifice. The verse may<br \/>\nbe translated, literally, &quot;By Truth Mitra and Varuna, truth-increasing, truth-touching, enjoy (or, attain) a mighty work&quot; or<br \/>\n&quot;a vast (effective) power.&quot; <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">Finally in the third Rik we have again <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a;<\/i> we have the<br \/>\nword <i>kavi,<\/i> seer, already associated by Madhuchchhandas with<br \/>\n<i>kratu,<\/i> work or will; we have the idea of the Truth, and we have<br \/>\nthe expression <i>uruks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>aya,<\/i><br \/>\nwhere <i>uru<\/i> wide or vast, may be an<br \/>\nequivalent of <i>br<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>hat,<\/i><br \/>\nthe vast, which is used to describe the world<br \/>\nor plane of the Truth-Consciousness, the &quot;own home&quot; of Agni.<br \/>\nI translate the verse, literally, &quot;For us Mitra and Varuna, seers,<br \/>\nmultiply-born, wide-housed, uphold the strength (or, discernment) that does the<br \/>\nwork.&quot; <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">It will at once be evident that we have in this passage of the<br \/>\nsecond hymn precisely the same order of ideas and many of the<br \/>\nsame expressions as those on which we founded ourselves in the<br \/>\nfirst Sukta. But the application is different and the conceptions<br \/>\nof the purified discernment, the richly-bright understanding,<br \/>\n<i>dhiyam ghr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tacim,<\/i><br \/>\nand the action of the Truth in the work of the<br \/>\nsacrifice, <i>apas,<\/i> introduce certain fresh precisions which throw<br \/>\nfurther light on the central ideas of the Rishis. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">The word <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a,<\/i><br \/>\nwhich alone in this passage admits of some<br \/>\nreal doubt as to its sense, is usually rendered by Sayana strength.<br \/>\nIt comes from a root which, like most of its congeners, <i>e.g. da&#347;,<br \/>\ndi&#347;, dah<\/i> suggested originally as one of its characteristic<br \/>\nsignificances an aggressive pressure and hence any form of injury, but<br \/>\nespecially dividing, cutting, crushing or sometimes burning.<br \/>\nMany of the words for strength had originally this idea of a force<br \/>\nfor injury, the aggressive strength of the fighter and slayer, the<br \/>\nkind of force most highly prized by primitive man making a place<br \/>\nfor himself by violence on the earth he had come to inherit. We<br \/>\nsee this connection in the ordinary Sanskrit word for strength, <\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page \u2013 66<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\"><i>balam,<\/i> which is of the same family as the Greek <i>ballo,<\/i> I<br \/>\nstrike,<br \/>\nand <i>belos,<\/i> a weapon. The sense, strength, for <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a<\/i> has the same<br \/>\norigin. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">But this idea of division led up also in the psychology of<br \/>\nlanguage-development to quite another order of ideas; for when<br \/>\nman wished to have words for mental conceptions, his readiest<br \/>\nmethod was to apply the figures of physical action to the mental<br \/>\nmovement. The idea of physical division or separation was thus<br \/>\nused and converted into that of distinction. It seems to have been<br \/>\nfirst applied to distinguishing by the ocular sense and then to the<br \/>\nact of mental separation, \u2014 discernment, judgment. Thus the<br \/>\nroot <i>vid,<\/i> which means in Sanskrit to find or know, signifies in<br \/>\nGreek and Latin to see. <i>Dr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;&#347;<\/span>,<\/i> to see, meant originally to rend,<br \/>\ntear apart, separate; <i>pas,<\/i> to see, has a similar origin. We have<br \/>\nthree almost identical roots which are very instructive in this<br \/>\nrespect, \u2014<i>pis,<\/i> to hurt, injure, be strong; <i>pis,<\/i> to hurt, injure,<br \/>\nbe<br \/>\nstrong, crush, pound; and <i>pi&#347;,<\/i> to form, shape, organise, be reduced<br \/>\nto the constituent parts, \u2014 all these senses betraying the<br \/>\noriginal idea of separation, division, cutting apart, \u2014 with derivatives, <i>pi&#347;&#257;ca,<\/i><br \/>\na devil, and <i>pi&#347;una,<\/i> which means on one side<br \/>\nharsh, cruel, wicked, treacherous, slanderous, all from the idea<br \/>\nof injury, and at the same time &quot;indicatory, manifesting, displaying,<br \/>\nmaking clear&quot; from the other sense of distinction. So<br \/>\n<i>kri<\/i> to injure, divide, scatter appears in Greek <i>krino,<\/i> I sift,<br \/>\nchoose,<br \/>\njudge, determine. <i>Daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a<\/i><br \/>\nhas a similar history. It is kin to the<br \/>\nroot <i>da&#347;<\/i> which in Latin gives us <i>doceo,<\/i> I teach, and in<br \/>\nGreek<br \/>\n<i>dokeo,<\/i> I think, judge, reckon, and <i>dokazo,<\/i> I observe, am of<br \/>\nopinion. So also we have the kindred root <i>di&#347;<\/i> meaning to point<br \/>\nout or teach, Greek <i>deiknumi.<\/i> Almost identical with <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a <\/i>itself is the Greek <i>doxa,<\/i> opinion, judgment, and <i>dexios,<\/i><br \/>\nclever,<br \/>\ndexterous, right-hand. In Sanskrit the root <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span><\/i> means to hurt,<br \/>\nkill and also to be competent, able, the adjective <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a<\/i> means<br \/>\nclever, skilful, competent, fit, careful, attentive; <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>in<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a<\/i> means<br \/>\nclever, skilful, right-hand, like <i>dexios,<\/i> and the noun <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a<\/i> means,<br \/>\nbesides strength and also wickedness from the sense of hurting,<br \/>\nmental ability or fitness like other words of the family. We may<br \/>\ncompare also the word <i>da&#347;&#257;<\/i> in the sense of mind,<br \/>\nunderstanding.<br \/>\nAll this evidence taken together seems to indicate clearly enough <\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page \u2013 67<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">that <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a<\/i><br \/>\nmust have meant at one time discernment, judgment,<br \/>\ndiscriminative thought-power and that its sense of mental capacity is derived<br \/>\nfrom this sense of mental division and not by transference of the idea of<br \/>\nphysical strength to power of mind. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">We have therefore three possible senses for <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a<\/i> in the<br \/>\nVeda, strength generally, mental power or especially the power<br \/>\nof judgment, discernment. <i>Daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;&#803;<\/span>a<\/i> is continually associated with<br \/>\n<i>kratu;<\/i> the Rishis aspire to them together, <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;&#257;<\/span>ya kratve,<\/i> which<br \/>\nmay mean simply, &quot;capacity and effective power&quot; or &quot;will and<br \/>\ndiscernment&quot;. Continually we find the word occurring in passages where the whole context relates to mental activities.<br \/>\nFinally, we have the goddess Dakshina who may well be a female<br \/>\nform of Daksha, himself a god and afterwards in the Purana one<br \/>\nof the Prajapatis, the original progenitors, \u2014 we have Dakshina<br \/>\nassociated with the manifestation of knowledge and sometimes<br \/>\nalmost identified with Usha, the divine Dawn, who is the bringer<br \/>\nof illumination. I shall suggest that Dakshina like the more<br \/>\nfamous Ila, Saraswati and Sarama, is one of four goddesses,<br \/>\nrepresenting the four faculties of the <i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam<\/i> or Truth-Consciousness, \u2014 Ila<br \/>\nrepresenting truth-vision or revelation, Saraswati<br \/>\ntruth-audition, inspiration, the divine word, Sarama intuition,<br \/>\nDakshina the separative intuitional discrimination. <i>Daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a<\/i> then<br \/>\nwill mean this discrimination whether as mental judgment on the<br \/>\nmind-plane or as intuitional discernment on the plane of the<br \/>\nRitam. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">The three Riks with which we are dealing occur as the<br \/>\nclosing passage of a hymn of which the first three verses are<br \/>\naddressed to Vayu alone and the next three to Indra and Vayu.<br \/>\nIndra in the psychological interpretation of the hymns represents,<br \/>\nas we shall see, Mind-Power. The word for the sense-faculties,<br \/>\n<i>indriya,<\/i> is derived from his name. His special realm is Swar, a<br \/>\nword which means sun or luminous, being akin to <i>s&#363;ra<\/i> and<br \/>\n<i>s&#363;rya,<\/i> the sun, and is used to indicate the third of the Vedic<br \/>\n<i>vy&#257;hr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tis<\/i><br \/>\nand the third of the Vedic worlds corresponding to the<br \/>\nprinciple of the pure or unobscured Mind. Surya represents<br \/>\nthe illumination of the <i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam<\/i><br \/>\nrising upon the mind; Swar is<br \/>\nthat plane of mental consciousness which directly receives the<br \/>\nillumination. Vayu on the other hand is always associated with <\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page \u2013 68<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">the Prana or Life-Energy which contributes to the system all the<br \/>\nensemble of those nervous activities that in man are the support<br \/>\nof the mental energies governed by Indra. Their combination<br \/>\nconstitutes the normal mentality of man. These two gods are<br \/>\ninvited in the hymn to come and partake together of the Soma-<br \/>\nwine. This wine of Soma represents, as we have abundant proof<br \/>\nin the Veda and especially in the ninth book, a collection of more<br \/>\nthan a hundred hymns addressed to the deity Soma, the intoxication of the<br \/>\nAnanda, the divine delight of being, inflowing upon<br \/>\nthe mind from the supramental consciousness through the<br \/>\n<i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam<\/i> or Truth.<br \/>\nIf we accept these interpretations we can easily<br \/>\ntranslate the hymn into its psychological significance. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">Indra and Vayu awaken in consciousness (<i>cetathah<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>)<\/i> to the<br \/>\nflowings of the Soma-wine; that is to say, the mind-power and<br \/>\nlife-power working together in human mentality are to awaken<br \/>\nto the inflowings of this Ananda, this Amrita, this delight and<br \/>\nimmortality from above. They receive them into the full plenitude of the mental<br \/>\nand nervous energies, <i>cetathah<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span> sut&#257;n&#257;m<br \/>\nv&#257;jin&#299;vas&#363;.<\/i>\u00b9<br \/>\nThe Ananda thus received constitutes a new action<br \/>\npreparing immortal consciousness in the mortal and Indra and<br \/>\nVayu are bidden to come and swiftly perfect these new workings<br \/>\nby the participation of the thought, <i>&#257; y&#257;tam upa nis<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>kr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam maks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>u<br \/>\n&#8230;dhiy&#257;.<\/i>\u00b2 For <i>dh&#299;<\/i><br \/>\nis the thought-power, intellect or understanding. It is intermediate between<br \/>\nthe normal mentality re-<br \/>\npresented by the combination of Indra and Vayu and the <i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam <\/i>or Truth-Consciousness. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">It is at this point that Varuna and Mitra intervene and our<br \/>\npassage begins. Without the psychological clue the connection<br \/>\nbetween the first part of the hymn and the close is not very clear,<br \/>\nnor the relation between the couple Varuna-Mitra and the couple<br \/>\nIndra-Vayu. With that clue both connections become obvious; <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">indeed they depend upon each other. For the earlier part of the<br \/>\nhymn has for its subject the preparation first of the vital forces<br \/>\nrepresented by Vayu who is alone invoked in the three opening<br \/>\nRiks, then of the mentality represented by the couple Indra-Vayu for the activities of the Truth-Consciousness in the human<br \/>\nbeing; the close has for its subject the working of the Truth on <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">\n<font size=\"3\">\u00b9<\/font><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>1.2.5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/span><br \/>\n<font size=\"3\">\u00b2<\/font><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>1.2.6.<\/span> <\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page \u2013 69<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">the mentality so as to perfect the intellect and to enlarge the<br \/>\nactions. Varuna and Mitra are two of the four gods who represent this working<br \/>\nof the Truth in the human mind and temperament. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">In the style of the Veda when there is a transition of this<br \/>\nkind from one movement of thought to another developing out<br \/>\nof it, the link of connection is often indicated by the repetition<br \/>\nin the new movement of an important word which has already<br \/>\noccurred in the close of the movement that precedes. This principle of<br \/>\nsuggestion by echo, as one may term it, pervades the<br \/>\nhymns and is a mannerism common to all the Rishis. The connecting word here is <i>dh&#299;,<\/i><br \/>\nthought or intellect. <i>Dh&#299;<\/i> differs from the<br \/>\nmore general word, <i>mati,<\/i> which means mentality or mental action<br \/>\ngenerally and which indicates sometimes thought, sometimes<br \/>\nfeeling, sometimes the whole mental state. <i>Dh&#299;<\/i> is the thought-<br \/>\nmind or intellect; as understanding it holds all that comes to it,<br \/>\ndefines everything and puts it into the right place,\u00b9or often<br \/>\n<i>dh&#299;<\/i> indicates the activity of the intellect, particular thought or<br \/>\nthoughts. It is by the thought that Indra and Vayu have been<br \/>\ncalled upon to perfect the nervous mentality, <i>nis<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>kr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam&#8230;dhiy&#257;. <\/i>But this instrument, thought, has itself to be perfected, enriched,<br \/>\nclarified before the mind can become capable of free communication with the Truth-Consciousness.<br \/>\nTherefore Varuna and Mitra, Powers of the Truth, are invoked &quot;accomplishing a richly<br \/>\nluminous thought&quot;, <i>dhiyam ghr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>t&#257;c&#299;m s&#257;dhant&#257;.<\/i>&nbsp; <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">This is the first occurrence in the Veda of the word <i>ghr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>ta, <\/i>in a modified adjectival<br \/>\nform, and it is significant that it should<br \/>\noccur as an epithet of the Vedic word for the intellect, <i>dh&#299; <\/i>In<i> <\/i>other passages also we find it continually in connection with the<br \/>\nwords <i>manas, man&#299;s<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a<\/i><br \/>\nor in a context where some activity of<br \/>\nthought is indicated. The root <i>ghr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span><\/i> conveys the idea of a strong<br \/>\nbrightness or heat such as that of fire or the summer sun. It<br \/>\nmeans also to sprinkle or anoint, Greek <i>chrio.<\/i> It is capable of<br \/>\nbeing used to signify any liquid, but especially a bright, thick<br \/>\nliquid. It is the ambiguity of these two possible senses of which<br \/>\nthe Vedic Rishis took advantage to indicate by the word outwardly the clarified<br \/>\nbutter in the sacrifice, inwardly a rich and <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">\u00b9The root<br \/>\n<i>dh&#299; <\/i>means to hold<br \/>\nor to place.<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page \u2013 70&nbsp; <\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">bright state or activity of the brain-power, <i>medh&#257;,<\/i> as basis<br \/>\nand substance of illuminated thought. By <i>dhiyam ghr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>t&#257;c&#299;m<\/i> is<br \/>\nmeant, therefore, the intellect full of a rich and bright mental<br \/>\nactivity. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">Varuna and Mitra who accomplish or perfect this state of<br \/>\nthe intellect, are distinguished by two several epithets. Mitra is<br \/>\n<i>p&#363;tadaks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a,<\/i><br \/>\npossessed of a purified judgment; Varuna is <i>ri&#347;&#257;das,<br \/>\n<\/i>he destroys all hurters or enemies. In the Veda there are no merely<br \/>\nornamental epithets. Every word is meant to tell, to add some-<br \/>\nthing to the sense and bear a strict relation to the thought of the<br \/>\nsentence in which it occurs. There are two obstacles which pre-<br \/>\nvent the intellect from being a perfect and luminous mirror of<br \/>\nthe Truth-Consciousness; first, impurity of the discernment or<br \/>\ndiscriminative faculty which leads to confusion of the Truth,<br \/>\nsecondly the many causes or influences which interfere with the<br \/>\ngrowth of the Truth by limiting its full application or by breaking<br \/>\nup the connections and harmony of the thoughts that express it<br \/>\nand which thus bring about poverty and falsification of its con-<br \/>\ntents. Just as the Gods in the Veda represent universal powers<br \/>\ndescended from the Truth-Consciousness which build up the<br \/>\nharmony of the worlds and in man his progressive perfection, so<br \/>\nthe influences that work against these objects are represented by<br \/>\nhostile agencies, Dasyus and Vritras, who seek to break up, to<br \/>\nlimit, to withhold and deny. Varuna in the Veda is always<br \/>\ncharacterised as a power of wideness and purity; when, there-<br \/>\nfore, he is present in man as a conscious force of the Truth, all<br \/>\nthat limits and hurts the nature by introducing into it fault, sin<br \/>\nand evil is destroyed by contact with him. He is <i>ri&#347;&#257;das,<\/i><br \/>\ndestroyer<br \/>\nof the enemy, of all that seek to injure the growth. Mitra, a<br \/>\npower like Varuna of the Light and Truth, especially represents<br \/>\nLove, Joy and Harmony, the foundations of <i>Mayas,<\/i> the Vedic<br \/>\nbeatitude. Working with the purity of Varuna and imparting<br \/>\nthat purity to the discernment, he enables it to get rid of all discords and<br \/>\nconfusions and establish the right working of the<br \/>\nstrong and luminous intellect. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">This progress enables the Truth-Consciousness, the <i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam, <\/i>to work in the human mentality. With the <i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam<\/i> as the agency,<br \/>\n<i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tena,<\/i><br \/>\nincreasing the action of the Truth in man, <i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>t&#257;vr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>dh&#257;,<\/i> touching<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page \u2013 71<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">or reaching the Truth, enabling, that is to say, the mental<br \/>\nconsciousness to come into successful contact with and possession of the<br \/>\nTruth-Consciousness, <i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>taspr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;&#347;&#257;<\/span>,<\/i> Mitra and<br \/>\nVaruna<br \/>\nare able to enjoy the use of a vast effective will-power, <i>kratum<br \/>\nbr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>hantam &#257;&#347;&#257;the.<\/i><br \/>\nFor it is the Will that is the chief effective agent<br \/>\nof the inner sacrifice, but a Will that is in harmony with the<br \/>\nTruth, guided therefore by a purified discernment. The Will as it<br \/>\nenters more and more into the wideness of the Truth-Consciousness becomes itself wide and vast, free from limitation in its view<br \/>\nand of hampering impediments in its effectivity. It works <i>urau<br \/>\nanibd&#257;he,<\/i> in the wideness where there is no obstacle or wall of<br \/>\nlimitation. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">Thus the two requisites on which the Vedic Rishis always insist are secured,<br \/>\nLight and Power, the Light of the Truth working<br \/>\nin the knowledge, <i>dhiyam ghr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>t&#257;c&#299;m,<\/i> the Power of the Truth<br \/>\nworking in the effective and enlightened Will, <i>kratum br<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>hantam. <\/i>As a result Varuna and Mitra are shown to us in the closing verse<br \/>\nof the hymn working in the full sense of their Truth, <i>kavi tuvij&#257;t&#257;<br \/>\nuruks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>ay&#257;. Kavi,<\/i><br \/>\nwe have seen, means possessed of the Truth-<br \/>\nConsciousness and using its faculties of vision, inspiration, in-<br \/>\ntuition, discrimination. <i>Tuvij&#257;t&#257;<\/i> is &quot;multiply<br \/>\nborn&quot;, for <i>tuvi,<br \/>\n<\/i>meaning originally strength or force, is used like the French<br \/>\nword &quot;force&quot; in the sense of many. But by the birth of the gods<br \/>\nis meant always in the Veda their manifestation; thus <i>tuvij&#257;t&#257;<br \/>\n<\/i>signifies &quot;manifested multiply&quot;, in many forms and activities.<br \/>\n<i>Uruks&#803;ay&#257;<\/i> means dwelling in the wideness, an idea which occurs<br \/>\nfrequently in the hymns; <i>uru<\/i> is equivalent to <i>br<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>hat,<\/i> the Vast,<br \/>\nand indicates the infinite freedom of the Truth-Consciousness.<br \/>\nThus we have as the result of increasing activities of the <i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam <\/i>the manifestation in the human being of the Powers of wideness<br \/>\nand purity, of joy and harmony, a manifestation rich in forms,<br \/>\nseated in the wideness of the <i>r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam<\/i> and using the faculties of the<br \/>\nsupramental consciousness. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">This manifestation of the Powers of the Truth upholds or<br \/>\nconfirms the discernment while it does the work, <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>am dadh&#257;te<br \/>\napasam.<\/i> The discernment, now purified and supported, works<br \/>\nin the sense of the Truth as a power of the Truth and accomplishes the<br \/>\nperfection of the activities of Indra and Vayu by <\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style='text-align:center'>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page \u2013 72<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">freeing the thoughts and the will from all defect and confusion<br \/>\nin their working and results. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">To confirm the interpretation we have put on the terms of<br \/>\nthis passage we may quote a Rik from the tenth Sukta of the<br \/>\nfourth Mandala. <\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:24pt;line-height:150%'>\n<i>Adh&#257; hyagne krator bhadrasya<br \/>\ndaks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>asya s&#257;dhoh, <\/i> <\/p>\n<p align=\"center\" style='margin:0;text-align:justify;text-indent:48pt;line-height:150%'>\n<i>rath&#299;r r<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tasya<br \/>\nbr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>hato babh&#363;tha.<\/i><br \/>\n(I V.I O&nbsp; .2) <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">&quot;Then<br \/>\nindeed, O&nbsp;&nbsp; Agni, thou becomest the charioteer of the<br \/>\nhappy will, the perfecting discernment, the Truth that is the<br \/>\nVast.&quot; We have here the same idea as in the first hymn of the<br \/>\nfirst Mandala, the effective will that is the nature of the Truth-<br \/>\nConsciousness, <i>kavikratuh<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>,<\/i><br \/>\nand works out therefore in a state of<br \/>\nbeatitude the good, <i>bhadram.<\/i> We have in the phrase <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>asya<br \/>\ns&#257;dhoh<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span><\/i><br \/>\nat once a variant and explanation of the last phrase of the<br \/>\nsecond hymn, <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>am<br \/>\napasam,<\/i> the discernment perfecting and<br \/>\naccomplishing the inner work in man. We have the vast Truth as the consummation<br \/>\nof these two activities of power and knowledge, Will and Discernment, <i>kratu<\/i> and <i>daks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a.<\/i> Always the hymns<br \/>\nof the Veda confirm each other by this reproduction of the same<br \/>\nterms and ideas and the same relation of ideas. This would not<br \/>\nbe possible unless they were based on a coherent doctrine with<br \/>\na precise significance for standing terms such as <i>kavi, kratu,<br \/>\ndaks<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>a, bhadram,<br \/>\nr<span lang=\"VI\">&#803;<\/span>tam,<\/i> etc. The<br \/>\ninternal evidence of the Riks<br \/>\nthemselves establishes that this significance is psychological,<br \/>\nas otherwise the terms lose their fixed value, their precise sense,<br \/>\nnecessary connection, and their constant recurrence in relation<br \/>\nto each other has to be regarded as fortuitous and void of<br \/>\nreason or purpose. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">We see then that in the second hymn we find again the same<br \/>\ngoverning ideas as in the first. All is based on the central Vedic<br \/>\nconception of the Supramental or Truth-Consciousness towards<br \/>\nwhich the progressively perfected mentality of the human being<br \/>\nlabours as towards a consummation and a goal. In the first hymn<br \/>\nthis is merely stated as the aim of the sacrifice and the characteristic work<br \/>\nof Agni. The second hymn indicates the preliminary<br \/>\nwork of preparation, by Indra and Vayu, by Mitra and Varuna, <\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page \u2013 73<\/font><\/p>\n<hr>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">of the ordinary mentality of man through the force of the<br \/>\nAnanda and the increasing growth of the Truth. <\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"text-indent: 24pt;line-height: 150%;margin: 0\">We shall find that the whole of the Rig-veda is practically<br \/>\na constant variation on this double theme, the preparation of<br \/>\nthe human being in mind and body and the fulfilment of the god-head or immortality in him by his attainment and development<br \/>\nof the Truth and the Beatitude. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"line-height: 150%;margin: 0\" align=\"center\">\n<font size=\"2\">Page \u2013 74<\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CHAPTER VII Varuna-Mitra and the Truth &nbsp; IF THE idea of the Truth that we have found in the very opening hymn of the Veda&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10-the-secret-of-the-veda-volume-10","wpcat-17-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/861","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=861"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/861\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worksofthemotherandsriaurobindo.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}