|
Bande Mataram { CALCUTTA, April 5th, 1907 }
Many Delusions
In a country where subjection has long become a habit of the public mind, there will always be a tendency to shrink from the realities of the position and to hunt for roundabout, safe and peaceful paths to national regeneration. Servitude is painful and intolerable, servitude is killing the nation by inches, servitude must be got rid of, true; but the pains and evils of servitude seem almost more tolerable to a good many people than the sharp, salutary pangs of a resolute struggle for liberty. Hence the not uncommon cry, "The violent and frequently bloody methods followed by other nations are not suited to a gentle, spiritual and law-abiding people; we will vindicate our intellectual originality and spiritual superiority by inventing new methods of regeneration much more gentlemanly and civilised." The result is a hydra-brood of delusions, two springing up where one is killed. The old gospel of salvation by prayer was based on the belief in the spiritual superiority of the British people,— an illusion which future generations will look back upon with an amazed incredulity. God answers prayer and the British people are godlike in their nature; so why should we despair? Even now there are prominent politicians who say and perhaps believe that although there is no historical example of a nation liberated by petition and prayer, yet the book of history is not closed and there is no reason why so liberal and noble a nation as the British should not open a new and unprecedented chapter; a miracle which never happened before in the world's records may very well be worked for the sole and particular benefit of India! The petitionary delusion, however, though not yet killed, has been scotched; its lease of life is not for long.
Page – 236 Another delusion of which Babu Narendranath Sen of the Indian Mirror, and the cultured and eloquent lady whom the Mahatmas have placed at the head of the new Theosophist Church, are the principal exponents, asks us to seek our regeneration through religion; only when we have become religiously and morally fit, can we hope to be politically free. In spite of the confusion of ideas which underlies this theory, it is one which has a natural charm for a religiously-minded people. Nevertheless it is as much a thing in the air as the petitionary delusion. If by religion is meant the nivritti-marga it is an absurdity to talk of politics and religion in the same breath; for it is the path of the few,— the saints and the elect— to whom there is no I nor thou, no mine or thine, and therefore no my country or thy country. But if we are asked to perfect our religious development in the pravritti-marga, then it is obvious that politics is as much a part of pravritti-marga as any other activity, and there is no rationality in asking us to practise religion and morality first and politics afterwards; for politics is itself a large part of religion and morality. We acknowledge that nothing is likely to become an universal and master impulse in India which is not identified with religion. The obvious course is to recognise that politics is religion and infuse it with the spirit of religion; for that is the true patriotism which sees God as the Mother in our country, God as Shakti in the mass of our countrymen, and religiously devotes itself to their service and their liberation from present sufferings and servitude. We do not acknowledge that a nation of slaves who acquiesce in their subjection can become morally fit for freedom; one day of slavery robs a man of half his manhood, and while the yoke remains, he cannot compass a perfect and rounded moral development. Under a light and qualified subjection, he may indeed develop in certain directions; but in what direction are we asked to develop? In the morality of the slave, the Shudra, whose dharma is humility, contentment, service, obedience? In the morality of the merchant whose dharma is to amass riches by honesty and enterprise and spend them with liberal philanthropy? In the morality of the Brahmin whose dharma is to prepare himself for the nivritti-marga by learning and holy
Page – 237 exercises, to forgive injuries and accept honour or insult, wrong and injustice, with a calm and untroubled mind? It is obvious that we may develop far on these lines without coming at all nearer to moral fitness for freedom. Politics is the work of the Kshatriya and it is the virtues of the Kshatriya we must develop if we are to be morally fit for freedom. But the first virtue of the Kshatriya is not to bow his neck to an unjust yoke but to protect his weak and suffering countrymen against the oppressor and welcome death in a just and righteous battle. A third delusion to which the over-intellectualised are subject is the belief in salvation by industrialism. One great danger of the commercial aspect of the Swadeshi movement is that many of our young men may be misled into thinking that their true mission is to go abroad, study industries and return to enrich themselves and their country. We would warn them against this pernicious error. This work is an admirable work and a necessary part of the great national yajna which we have instituted; but it is only a part and not even the chief part. Those who have never studied Japanese history, are fond of telling our young men that Japan owes her greatness to her commercial and industrial expansion and call on them to go and do likewise. Commercial and industrial expansion are often accompaniments and results of political liberty and greatness,— never their cause. Yet the opposite belief is held by many who should have been capable of wiser discrimination. We find it in the truly marvellous address of Srinath Paul Rai Bahadoor at Berhampur; there is a wonderful contrast between the canine gospel of submissive loyalty preached in the first part of the address and the rampageously self-assertive gospel of economic independence preached in its tail-end. "Whatever the advantages of political advancement, they sink into insignificance when compared with the blessings which industrial prosperity brings in its train,"— such is the gospel according to Srinath Paul Rai Bahadoor. It is so far shared by many less loyal people that they consider industrial prosperity as prior to and the cause of political advancement. The idea is that we must be rich before we can struggle for freedom. History does not bear out this peculiar delusion. It is the poor
Page – 238 peoples who have been most passionately attached to liberty, while there are many examples to show that nothing more easily leads to national death and decay than a prosperous servitude. We are particularly thankful that British rule has not, like the Roman, given us industrial prosperity in exchange for political independence; for in that case our fate would have been that of the ancient peoples of Gaul and Britain who, buying civilisation and prosperity with the loss of their freemanhood, fell a prey to the Goth and Saxon and entered into a long helotage from which it took them a thousand years to escape. We must strive indeed for economic independence, because the despotism that rules us is half-mercantile, half-military, and by mortally wounding the lower mercantile half we may considerably disable the upper; at least we shall remove half the inducement England now has for keeping us in absolute subjection. But we should never forget that politics is a work for the Kshatriya and it is not by the virtues and methods of the Vaishya that we shall finally win our independence. __________
By the Way
Reflections of Srinath Paul, Rai Bahadoor, on the Present Discontents
(THE ADDRESS OF A PERSPIRING CHAIRMAN RENDERED FAITHFULLY INTO THE ORDINARY ENGLISH VERNACULAR.)
Councillors, friends, Rai Bahadoors and others, Gentlemen all, my bold and moderate brothers! This Conference's revolutionary course (By revolution, sirs, I mean of course The year's,— not anything wicked and Extremist;) Has brought us here, and like a skilful chemist Mixed well together our victorious batches Bearing triumphant scars and famous scratches Of a year's desperate fight. Behold, the glooms
Page – 239 Are over! See, our conquering Suren comes! Dream not that when I talk of scars and fighting, I really mean King Edward to go smiting And bundle dear Sir Andrew out of Ind. Nothing, nothing like that is in the wind. Ah no! what has not Britain done for us? Were we not savage, naked, barbarous? Has she not snatched and raised us from the mire? Taught us to dress, eat, talk, write, sneeze, perspire, Like Europeans, giving civilisation To this poor ignorant degraded nation? Was not our India full of cuts and knocks? 'Twas Britain saved us from those hideous shocks. No matter if our poor of hunger die, Us she gave peace and ease and property. Were't not for Clive, Dalhausie, Curzon, all, You never would have heard of Srinath Paul. But is this then good cause we should not meet, Kiss their benevolent and booted feet, Remonstrate mildly, praise and pray and cry, "Have sympathy, great Minto, or we die"? If he'll not hear, let then our humble oration Travel with Gokhale to the British nation. To be industrious, prayerful, tearful, meek Is the sole end for which we meet this week. Yet are there men, misunderstanding whites, Who much misconstrue these our holy rites Deeming it a bad criminal consultation How best to free— O horrid thought!— our nation, And send the English packing bag and baggage, Polo and hockey stick, each scrap of luggage. They think we are rank and file and proletariat Fit to be throttled with the hangman's lariat. Fie, sirs! that we should be confused with the mob, We who with Viceroys and great men hobnob! To be mistook,— Oh faugh! for the mere people, Things that eat common food and water tipple,
Page – 240 Mere men, mere flesh and blood!— we, the elect, The aristocracy of intellect To be thus levelled with the stinking crowd! No, sirs, I dare pronounce it very loud, We are the sober, moderate wise men, needing Scope only to be famed for light and leading, Full of co-operative amorous loyalty To Minto, Morley and Britannic Royalty. O some there are impatient and too wild, To that Curzonian lash unreconciled, Repudiate with violence unchancy Our gospel proud of futile mendicancy. Strange that they can't perceive the utility And nobleness of absolute futility! O sirs, be moderate, patient, persevering; Shun, shun the extremists and their horrid sneering. O sirs, from loyalty budge not an inch; What if your masters love your throats to pinch? It's pure affection. Even if they kick, Is that sufficient reason to feel sick? No, though they thrash and cudgel, kick and beat, Cling like the devil to their sacred feet! Where are we? Is this the French Revolution Infects our sacred Ind with its pollution? Is Minto Louis? Kitchener Duke Broglie? Away, away with revolutionary folly! What, is this France or Russia? Are we men, Servitude to reject and bonds disdain? No, we are loyal, good religious dogs, Born for delightful kicks and pleasant shogs. It is a canine gospel that I preach. Be dogs, be dogs, and learn to love the switch. Whatever the result, be loyal still To Minto, Morley and their mighty will. Be loyal still, my prosperous countrymen, Nor heed the moaning of the million's pain. For serfdom in our very bones is bred,
Page – 241 And our religion teaches us to dread,— Shivaji's creed and Pratap's though it be,— More than the very devil disloyalty. O constitutionally agitate your tails And see whether that agitation fails. The course of true love never did run smooth! Morley will still relent,— that gracious youth. Beg for new Legislative Councils, sirs, Or any blessed thing your mind prefers. The Shah's agreeable, why not the British? Then there's Mysore— Great Scott! I feel quite skittish. Local self-government we'll beg that's now A farce,— (I'm getting quite extreme, I vow!) And many other things. Prayers let us patter; Whether we get them or not, can't really matter. But one thing let me tell you, countrymen, That clubs a boon and blessing are to men, Where white with black and black can mix with white And share a parti-coloured deep delight. Great thanks we owe then, loyalists, to "Max", Who his capacious brain the first did tax. Behold the great result! Apollo Paean! The holy club, the Indo-European! Approach, approach the holy precincts, come And chat with Risley of affairs at home; With Fraser arm-in-arm like friends we'll walk, To Luson and to Lee familiarly talk. Mind! trousers and a hat. They keep good whiskey And we shall feel particularly frisky. As for Comilla, it was sad and bad, But Minto's sympathy o'er that fell raid Dropped like the gentle dew from heaven to heal; No longer for our injured kin we feel. And now think not of politics too much. Three days or four is quite enough for such. Much better done to store substantial honey Of commerce, taste the joys that roll in money.
Page – 242 Be rich, my friends! who cares then to be free In hard uncomfortable liberty? Of boycott talk but not of Swaraj, sirs, And if of independence you'ld discourse, Let it of economic independence be. For that the law proscribes no penalty, Nor will your gentle hearts grow faint and sick At shadow of the fell policeman's stick. What folly to disturb our comfort fatty And cudgelled be with regulation lathi? Such the reflections, sirs— Well, let it drop. Don't hiss so much, dear friends! for here I stop.
BY THE WAY
Page – 243 |