CONTENTS

 

Pre-Content

 

PART ONE

 THE DIVINE, THE COSMOS AND THE INDIVIDUAL

 

Section One

The Divine, Sachchidananda, Brahman and Atman

 

The Divine and Its Aspects

The Divine

The Divine Consciousness

The Divine: One in All

Aspects of the Divine

The Transcendent, Cosmic and Individual Divine

Personal and Impersonal Sides of the Divine

The Divine and the Atman

The Divine and the Supermind

 

Sachchidananda: Existence, Consciousness-Force and Bliss

Sachchidananda

Sat or Pure Existence

Chit or Consciousness

Outer Consciousness and Inner Consciousness

Consciousness and Force or Energy

Force, Energy, Power, Shakti

Ananda

 

Brahman

The Impersonal Brahman

The Inactive Brahman and the Active Brahman

Spirit and Life

 

The Self or Atman

The Self

The Cosmic Spirit or Self

The Atman, the Soul and the Psychic Being

The Self and Nature or Prakriti

 

Section Two

The Cosmos: Terms from Indian Systems

 

The Upanishadic and Puranic Systems

Virat

Visva or Virat, Hiranyagarbha or Taijasa,Prajna or Ishwara

Vaisvanara, Taijasa, Prajna, Kutastha

Karana, Hiranyagarbha, Virat

The Seven Worlds

The Worlds of the Lower Hemisphere

Tapoloka and the Worlds of Tapas

 

The Sankhya-Yoga System

Purusha

Purusha and Prakriti

Prakriti

Prakriti and Shakti or Chit-Shakti

Purusha, Prakriti and Action

The Gunas or Qualities of Nature

Transformation of the Gunas

Sattwa and Liberation

Transformation of Rajas and Tamas

Transformation of Tamas into Sama

Mahat

Tanmatra

 

Section Three

The Jivatman and the Psychic Being

 

The Jivatman in the Integral Yoga

The Jivatman or Individual Self

The Jivatman, the Psychic Being and Prakriti

The Central Being and the Psychic Being

The Surrender of the Central Being

The Central Being after Liberation

The Karana Purusha

The Jivatman and the Caitya Puruṣa

The Jivatman and the Mental Purusha

The Jivatman, Spark-Soul and Psychic Being

The Jivatman in a Supramental Creation

 

The Jivatman in Other Indian Systems

The Jivatman in Other Schools

The Jivatman and the Pure “I” of the Adwaita

 

 

PART TWO

 THE PARTS OF THE BEING AND THE PLANES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

 

Section One

The Organisation of the Being

 

The Parts of the Being

Men Do Not Know Themselves

Many Parts, Many Personalities

 

Classification of the Parts of the Being

Different Categories in Different Systems

The Concentric and Vertical Systems

 

Section Two

The Concentric System: Outer to Inner

 

The Outer Being and the Inner Being

The Outer and the Inner Being and Consciousness

The Inner, the Outer and the Process of Yoga

The Inner Being

The Inner Being, the Antaratma and the Atman

The Inner Being and the Psychic Being

The Outer Being and Consciousness

 

The True Being and the True Consciousness

The True Being

The True Consciousness

 

The Psychic Being

The Psychic and the Divine

The Self or Spirit and the Psychic or Soul

The Atman, the Jivatman and the Psychic

The Words “Soul” and “Psychic”

The Psychic or Soul and Traditional Indian Systems

The Soul and the Psychic Being

The Form of the Psychic Being

The Psychic Being and the Intuitive Consciousness

The Psychic Being and the External Being

The Psychic or Soul and the Lower Nature

The Psychic Being or Soul and the Vital or Life

The Psychic Being and the Ego

The Psychic World or Plane

 

The Vertical System: Supermind to Subconscient

 

The Planes or Worlds of Consciousness

The System of Planes or Worlds

The Planes and the Body

 

The Supermind or Supramental

Supermind and the Purushottama

Supermind and Sachchidananda

The Supracosmic, the Supramental,

the Overmind and Nirvana

Supermind and Other Planes

Supermind and Overmind

Knowledge and Will in the Supermind

 

The Overmind

Overmind and the Cosmic Consciousness

Planes of the Overmind

The Overmind, the Intuition and Below

The Overmind and the Supermind Descent

The Overmind and the Kāraṇa Deha

The Dividing Aspect of the Overmind

The Overmind and the World

 

The Higher Planes of Mind

The Higher Planes and Higher Consciousness

The Plane of Intuition

The Plane of Intuition and the Intuitive Mind

Yogic Intuition and Ordinary Intuitions

Powers of the Intuitive Consciousness

The Illumined Mind

The Higher Mind

 

The Lower Nature or Lower Hemisphere

The Higher Nature and the Lower Nature

The Three Planes of the Lower Hemisphere

and Their Energies

The Adhara

 

The Mind

Mind in the Integral Yoga and in Other

Indian Systems

Manas and Buddhi

Chitta

Western Ideas of Mind and Spirit

The Psychic Mind

The Mind Proper

The Thinking Mind and the Vital Mind

The Thinking Mind and the Physical Mind

The Vital Mind

The Physical Mind

The Physical Mental or Physical Mind and

the Mental Physical or Mechanical Mind

The Mental World of the Individual

 

The Vital Being and Vital Consciousness

The Vital

The True Vital Being and Consciousness

Parts of the Vital Being

The Mental Vital or Vital Mind

CONTENTS

The Emotional Being or Heart

The Central Vital or Vital Proper

The Lower Vital, the Physical Vital and

the Material Vital

A Strong Vital

The Vital Body

The Vital Nature

The Vital Plane and the Physical Plane

The Life Heavens

 

The Physical Consciousness

The Physical Consciousness and Its Parts

Living in the Physical Consciousness

The Opening of the Physical Consciousness

The True Activity of the Senses

The Physical Parts of the Mind and Emotional Being

The Mental Physical or Mechanical Mind

The Vital Physical

The Material Consciousness or Body Consciousness

The Gross Physical and the Subtle Physical

The Physical Nerves and the Subtle Nerves

The Sheaths of the Indian Tradition

 

The Environmental Consciousness

The Environmental Consciousness around

the Individual

The Environmental Consciousness and

the Movements of the Lower Nature

The Environmental Consciousness and

the Subconscient

 

The Subconscient and the Inconscient

The Subconscient in the Integral Yoga

The Subconscient in Traditional Indian Terminology

The Subconscient and the Superconscient

The Subconscient and the Subliminal

The Subconscient Memory and Conscious Memory

The Subconscient and the Inconscient

 

Section Four

The Chakras or Centres of Consciousness

 

The System of the Chakras

The Functions of the Chakras or Centres

The Chakras in Reference to Yoga

The Centres and the Planes

The Mind Centres

The Sahasradala or Sahasrara or Crown Centre

The Ajnachakra or Forehead Centre

The Throat Centre

The Throat Centre and the Lower Centres

The Heart Centre

The Navel and Abdominal Centres

The Muladhara

No Subconscient Centre

 

The Parts of the Body and the Centres

The Parts of the Body in Yoga

The Cerebellum

The Ear, Nose, Face and Throat

The Chest, Stomach and Abdomen

The Legs and Feet

The Sides of the Body

 

 

PART THREE 

THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS AND THE SUPERMIND

 

Section One

The Supramental Evolution

 

The Problem of Suffering and Evil

The Riddle of This World

The Disharmonies of Earth

 

Spiritual Evolution and the Supramental

Human History and Spiritual Evolution

Spiritual and Supramental

The Overmind and the Supramental

Involution and Evolution

The Supermind and the Lower Creation

Speculations about the Supramental Descent

 

Section Two

The Supramental Descent and Transformation

 

The Descent of the Supermind

Inevitability of the Descent

A Beginning, Not a Completion

Clarifications about the Supramental Descent

 

Descent and Transformation

A World-Changing Yoga

The Vital World and the Supramental Descent

The Nature and Scope of the Transformation

The Earth, the Earth Consciousness and

the Supramental Creation

The Supramental Change and the Ananda Plane

 

The Supramental Transformation

Preparatory Steps towards the Supramental Change

The Supramental Influence and Supramentalisation

Premature Claims of Possession of the Supermind

 

Transformation and the Body

The Transformation of the Body

The Transformation of the Body in Other Traditions

Transforming the Body Consciousness

Death and the Supramental Transformation

The Conquest of Death

The Reproductive Method of the Supramental

 

 

PART FOUR 

PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY, SCIENCE, RELIGION AND SOCIETY

 

Section One

Thought, Philosophy, Science and Yoga

 

The Intellect and Yoga

Intellectual Truth and Spiritual Experience

Intellectual Arguments against Spirituality

The Valley of the False Glimmer

 

Doubt and Faith

Doubt and Yoga

Faith in Spiritual Things

 

Philosophical Thought and Yoga

Metaphysical Thinkers, East and West

World-Circumstances and the Divine

Intellectual Expression of Spiritual Experience

Comments on Thoughts of J.M.E. McTaggart

Comments on Terms Used by Henri Bergson

Metaphysics, Science and Spiritual Experience

 

Science and Yoga

Science, Yoga and the Agnostic

Science and Spirituality

Science and the Supernormal

Science and Superstition

The Limitations of Science

Physics and Metaphysics

Space and Time

Matter

Animals

Plants

Life on Other Planets

 

Section Two

Religion, Idealism, Morality and Yoga

 

Religion and Yoga

Religion and the Truth

Religion in India

Religious Ceremonies

Religious Fanaticism

 

Idealism and Spirituality

Human Perfection and Spirituality

The Collapse of Twentieth-Century Idealism

 

Morality and Yoga

The Spiritual Life and the Ordinary Life

Morality

Vice and Virtue

The Sattwic Man and the Spiritual Man

Selfishness and Unselfishness

Humility

Sacrifice

Ahimsa, Destruction and Violence

War and Conquest

Poverty

Natural Calamities

 

Social Duties and the Divine

Family, Society, Country and the Divine

Philanthropy

Humanitarianism

Social and Political Activism

 

PART FIVE 

QUESTIONS OF SPIRITUAL AND OCCULT KNOWLEDGE

 

Section One

The Divine and the Hostile Powers

 

Terminology

The Dynamic Divine, the Gods, the Asuras

The Soul, the Divine, the Gods, the Asuras

Terms in The Mother

 

The Gods

The Gods or Divine Powers

The Gods and the Overmind

Vedic Gods of the Indian Tradition

Post-Vedic Gods of the Indian Tradition

 

The Hostile Forces and Hostile Beings

The Existence of the Hostile Forces

The Nature of the Hostile Forces

The Conquest of the Hostile Forces

Asuras, Rakshasas and Other Vital Beings

 

Section Two

The Avatar and the Vibhuti

 

The Meaning and Purpose of Avatarhood

The Avatar or Incarnation

The Divine and Human Sides of the Avatar

Human Judgments of the Divine

The Work of the Avatar

The Avatar: Historicity and Symbols

The Avatar and the Vibhuti

 

Specific Avatars and Vibhutis

The Ten Avatars as a Parable of Evolution

Rama as an Avatar

Krishna as an Avatar

Buddha as an Avatar

Mahomed and Christ

Ramakrishna

Augustus Caesar and Leonardo da Vinci

Napoleon

 

Human Greatness

Greatness

Greatness and Vices

 

Section Three

Destiny, Karma, Death and Rebirth

 

Fate, Free Will and Prediction

Destiny

Free Will and Determinism

Predictions and Prophecy

Astrology and Yoga

 

Karma and Heredity

Karma

Karma and Heredity

Evolution, Karma and Ethics

 

Death

Death and Karma

Death and Grieving

The After-Death Sojourn

 

Rebirth

The Psychic’s Choice at the Time of Death

Assimilation in the Psychic World

The Psychic Being and the Progression from

Life to Life

The New Birth

Reincarnation and Soul Evolution

What Survives and What Does Not

Lines of Force and Consciousness

Beings of the Higher Planes

Fragments of a Dead Person that Reincarnate

Connections from Life to Life

Lines of Sex in Rebirth

Asuric Births

Animals and the Process of Rebirth

Remembering Past Lives

Unimportance of Past-Life Experience in Yoga

Speculating about Past Lives

Traditional Indian Ideas about Rebirth and

Other Worlds

European Resistance to the Idea of Reincarnation

 

Section Four

Occult Knowledge and Powers

 

Occult Knowledge

Occultism and the Supraphysical

Occult Forces

The Play of Forces

The Place of Occult Knowledge in Yoga

Spiritism

Séances

Ghosts

 

Occult Powers or Siddhis

General Remarks

Occult Powers Not the Object of Our Yoga

Ethical Rules for the Use of Occult Powers

Thought Reception and Thought Reading

Occult Powers and Health

The Power of Healing

Miracles

Magic

 

 

NOTE ON THE TEXTS


 
 

Part Four

 

Problems of Philosophy, Science, Religion and Society

   


Section One

 

Thought, Philosophy, Science

and Yoga    

 


Chapter One

 

The Intellect and Yoga

 

Intellectual Truth and Spiritual Experience

 

Intellectual truths? Do you think that the intellectual truth of the Divine is its real truth? In that case there is no need of Yoga. Philosophy is enough.

 

*

 

Philosophy knows nothing about peace and silence or the inner and outer vital. These things are discovered only by Yoga.

 

*

 

Yoga is not a thing of ideas but of inner spiritual experience. Merely to be attracted to any set of religious or spiritual ideas does not bring with it any realisation. Yoga means a change of consciousness; a mere mental activity will not bring a change of consciousness, it can only bring a change of mind. And if your mind is sufficiently mobile, it will go on changing from one thing to another till the end without arriving at any sure way or any spiritual harbour. The mind can think and doubt and question and accept and withdraw its acceptance, make formations and unmake them, pass decisions and revoke them, judging always on the surface and by surface indications and therefore never coming to any deep and firm experience of Truth, but by itself it can do no more. There are only three ways by which it can make itself a channel or instrument of Truth. Either it must fall silent in the Self and give room for a wider and greater consciousness; or it must make itself passive to an inner Light and allow that Light to use it as a means of expression; or else it must itself change from the questioning intellectual superficial mind it now is to an intuitive intelligence, a mind of vision fit for the direct perception of the divine Truth.

 

If you want to do anything in the path of Yoga, you must fix

 

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once for all what way you mean to follow. It is no use setting your face towards the future and then always looking back towards the past; in this way you will arrive nowhere. If you are tied to your past, return to it and follow the way you then choose; but if you choose this way instead, you must give yourself to it single-mindedly and not look back at every moment.

 

*

 

My reason for wanting you to get rid of the mental concepts is that they are rigid and keep you tied to the idea and feeling of your incapacity and the impossibility of the sadhana. Get rid of that and a great obstacle disappears.

You would then see that there is no reason for the constant sense of grief and despair that reacts upon your effort and makes it sterile. I simply want you to put yourself, if it is possible, in that state of quietude and openness which is favourable to the higher consciousness and its action; if it is not possible at present, I have still said that I will do my utmost to help you to the experience. That does not mean that the utmost has been yet done or that it can be done in a few days. But (although people are not giving me the freedom of mind and disposal of time which I had asked for), it will be done.

 

*

 

The point about the intellect's misrepresentation of the "formless" (the result of a merely negative expression of something that is inexpressibly intimate and positive) is very well made and hits the truth in the centre. No one who has had the Ananda of the Brahman can do anything but smile at the charge of coldness; there is an absoluteness of immutable ecstasy in it, a concentrated intensity of silent and inalienable rapture that it is quite impossible even to suggest to anyone who has not had the experience. The eternal Reality is neither cold nor dry nor empty —you might just as well talk of the midsummer sunlight as cold or the ocean as dry or perfect fullness as empty. Even when you enter into it by elimination of form and everything else, it seizes as a miraculous fullness that is truly the Purnam —when it is  

 

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entered affirmatively as well as by negation, there can obviously be no question of emptiness or dryness. All is there and more than one could ever dream of as the all. That is why one has to object to the intellect thrusting itself in as the sabjanta judge —if it kept to its own limits, there would be no objection to it. But it makes constructions of words and ideas which have no application to the Truth, babbles foolish things in its ignorance and makes its constructions a wall which refuses to let in the Truth that surpasses its own capacities or scope.

 

*

 

You can tell him Mother does not discuss these mental problems [such as the existence of evil in the world] even with the disciples. It is quite useless trying to reconcile these things with the intellect. For there are two things: the Ignorance from which the struggle and discord come and the secret Light, Unity, Bliss and Harmony. The intellect belongs to the Ignorance. It is only by getting into another consciousness that one can live in the Light and Bliss and Unity and not be touched by the outward discord and struggle. That change of consciousness therefore is the only thing that matters; to reconcile with the intellect could make no difference.

 

*

 

Yes, you need not listen to the "common sense" of others at least; usually there is much that is common in it but very little that is sense. What your inner being feels is rather to be followed than the superficial reasonings of the outer intelligence.

 

*

 

How can Reason be the sole arbiter [in the quest for Truth]? Whose reason? The reason in different men comes to different, opposite or incompatible conclusions. We cannot say that Reason is infallible, any more than feeling is infallible or the senses are infallible.

 

*

 

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Russell has the doubts because he has no spiritual experience, Rolland because he takes his emotional intellectuality for spirituality, Tagore —

If one is blind, it is quite natural —for the human intelligence which is rather an asinine thing at its best —to deny light; if one's highest natural vision is that of glimmering mists, it is equally natural to believe that all high vision is only a mist or a glimmer. But Light exists for all that —and for all that, spiritual Truth is more than a mist and a glimmer.

 

Intellectual Arguments against Spirituality

 

I have read Leonard Woolf's article,1 but I do not propose to deal with it in my comments on Professor Sorley's letter2 —for apart from the ignorant denunciation and cheap satire in which it deals, there is nothing much in its statement of the case against spiritual thought or experience; its reasoning is superficial and springs from an entire misunderstanding of the case for the mystic. There are four main arguments he sets against it and none of them have any value.

Argument number one. Mysticism and mystics have always risen in times of decadence, of the ebb of life and their loud quacking is a symptom of the decadence. This argument is absolutely untrue. In the East the great spiritual movements have arisen in the full flood of a people's life and culture or on a rising tide and they have themselves given a powerful impulse of expansion and richness to its thought and art and life; in Greece the mystics and the mysteries were there at the prehistoric beginning and in the middle (Pythagoras was one of the greatest of mystics) and not only in the ebb and decline; the mystic cults flourished in Rome too when its culture was at high tide; many great spiritual personalities of Italy, France, Spain sprang up

1 Leonard Woolf, "Quack, Quack! or Having it Both Ways" [a review of C. E. M. Joad, Counterattack from the East: The Philosophy of Radhakrishnan (London: Allen and Unwin, 1932)]. "New Statesman and Nation", vol. 6, no. 145 (2 December 1933): pp. 702 ­ 4. 2 See the letters on pages 357 ­ 68. —Ed.  

 

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in a life that was rich, vivid and not in the least touched with decadence. This hasty and inept generalisation has no truth in it and therefore no value.

Argument number two. A spiritual experience cannot be taken as a truth (it is a chimaera) unless it is proved just as the presence of a chair in the next room can be proved by showing it to the eye. Of course, a spiritual experience cannot be proved in that way, for it does not belong to the order of physical facts and is not physically visible or touchable. The writer's position would amount to this that only what is or can easily be made evident to everybody without any need of training, development, equipment or personal discovery, is to be taken as true. This is a position which, if accepted, would confine knowledge or truth within very narrow limits and get rid of a great deal of human culture. A spiritual peace, for example, —the peace that passeth all understanding —is a common experience of the mystics all over the world —it is a fact but a spiritual fact, a fact of the invisible; when one enters it or it enters into one, one knows that it is a truth of existence and is there all the time behind life and visible things. But how am I to "prove" these invisible facts to Mr. Leonard Woolf? he will turn away saying that this is the usual decadent quack quack and pass contemptuously on — perhaps to write another cleverly shallow article on some subject of which he has no personal knowledge or experience.

Argument number three. The generalisations based on spiritual experience are irrational as well as unproven. Irrational in what way? Are they merely foolish and inconceivable —infrarational —or do they belong to a suprarational order of experience to which the ordinary intellectual canons do not apply because these are founded on phenomena as they appear to the external mind and sense and not to an inner realisation which surpasses these phenomena? That is the contention of the mystics and it cannot be dismissed by merely saying that as they do not agree with ordinary experience, therefore they are nonsense and false. I would not undertake to defend as unimpeachable all that Joad or Radhakrishnan may have written —such as the formula that "the universe is good", —but for

 

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many or most of the statements marshalled for condemnation by the writer one can surely say that they are not irrational at all. "Integrating the personality" may have no meaning to him, it has a very clear meaning to many, for it is a truth of experience —and, if modern psychology is to be believed, it is not irrational since there is in our being not only a conscious but an unconscious or subconscious or concealed subliminal part and it is not impossible to become aware of both and make some kind of integration. To "transcend both consciousness and unconsciousness" gets at once a rational meaning if we admit that as there is a subconscious so there may be a superconscious part of our being. To reconcile disparate parts of our nature or our perception or experience of things is also not such a ridiculous or meaningless phrase. It is not absurd to say that the doctrine of Karma reconciles determinism and free-willism, since this doctrine supposes that our own past action and therefore our past will determined to a great extent the present results but not so as to exclude a present will modifying them and creating a fresh determinism of our existence yet to be. The phrase about the value of the world is quite intelligible once we see that it refers to a progressive value not determined by the good or bad experience of the moment, a value of existence developing through time and taken as a whole. As for the statement about God, it may have little or no meaning if it is taken in connection with the superficial idea of the Divine current in popular religion, but it is a perfectly logical result of the premiss that there is an Infinite and Eternal which is manifesting in itself Time and things that are phenomenally finite. One may accept or reject this complex idea of the Divine which is founded on a coordination of the data of long spiritual experience passed through by thousands of seekers in all times, but I fail to see why it should be considered unreasonable. If it is because that would mean "to have it not only in both ways but in every way", I do not see why this should be so reprehensible or a complex manifestation of a single Essence, Consciousness or Force should be considered prima facie inadmissible. There can be after all a synthetic and global view and consciousness of things which is  

 

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not bound by the oppositions and divisions of a more analytical and selective or dissecting intelligence.

Argument number four. The plea of intuition is only a facile cover for an inability to explain or establish by the use of reason —Joad and Radhakrishnan reason, but take refuge in intuition because their reasoning fails. Can the issue be settled in so easy and trenchant a way? The fact is that the mystic stands on an inner knowledge, an inner experience —but if he philosophises, he must try to explain to the reason, though not necessarily always by the abstract reason alone, what he has seen to be the Truth. He cannot but say, "I am explaining a truth which is beyond outer phenomena and the intelligence which depends on phenomena; it is really the outcome of a certain kind of direct experience and the intuitive knowledge which arises from that experience, so it cannot be adequately communicated by symbols appropriate to the world of outer phenomena —yet I am obliged to do as well as I can with these to help me towards some statement which will be intellectually acceptable to you." There is no wickedness or deceitful cunning therefore in using metaphors and symbols with a cautionary "as it were", —so objected to by Mr. Woolf in the simile of the focus, which is surely not intended as an argument but as a suggestive image. I may observe that the writer himself takes refuge in metaphor, beginning with the famous "quack quack", and an adversary might well reply that he does so in order to damn the opposite side while avoiding the necessity of a sound philosophical reply to the ideas he dislikes and repudiates. An intensity of belief is not the measure of truth, but neither is an intensity of unbelief the right measure.

As to the real nature of intuition and its relation to the intellectual mind, that is quite another and very large and complex question which cannot be dealt with in a short space. I have confined myself to pointing out that this article is a quite inadequate and superficial criticism. A case can be made against spiritual experience and spiritual philosophy and its positions, but to deserve a serious reply it must be put forward by a better advocate and it must touch the real centre of the problem which

 

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lies here. As there is a category of facts to which our senses are our best available but very imperfect guide, as there is a category of truths which we seek by the keen but still imperfect light of our reason, so according to the mystic, there is a category of more subtle truths which surpass the reach both of the senses and the reason but can be ascertained by an inner direct knowledge and direct experience. These truths are supersensuous but not the less real for that —they have immense results upon the consciousness changing its substance and movement, bringing especially deep peace and abiding joy, a great light of vision and knowledge, a possibility of the overcoming of the lower animal nature, vistas of a spiritual self-development which without them do not exist. A new outlook on things arises which brings with it, if fully pursued into its consequences, a great liberation, inner harmony, unification —many other possibilities besides. These things have been experienced, it is true, by a small minority of the human race, but still there has been a host of independent witnesses to them in all times, climes and conditions and numbered among them are some of the greatest intelligences of the past, some of the world's most remarkable figures. Must these possibilities be immediately condemned as chimaeras because they are not only beyond the average man in the street but also not easily seizable even by many cultivated intellects or because their method is more difficult than that of the ordinary sense or reason? If there is any truth in them, is not this possibility opened by them worth pursuing as opening a highest range to self-discovery and world-discovery by the human soul? At its best, taken as true, it must be that —at its lowest, taken as only a possibility, as all things attained by man have been only a possibility in their earlier stages, it is a great and may well be a most fruitful adventure.

 

*

 

I know it is the Russian explanation of the recent trend to spirituality and mysticism that it is a phenomenon of capitalist society in its decadence. But to read an economic cause, conscious or unconscious, into all phenomena of man's history is part of the  

 

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Bolshevik gospel born of the fallacy of Karl Marx. Man's nature is not so simple and one-chorded as all that —it has many lines and each line produces a need of his life. The spiritual or mystic line is one of them and man tries to satisfy it in various ways, by superstitions of all kinds, by ignorant religionism, by spiritism, demonism and what not, in his more enlightened parts by spiritual philosophy, the higher occultism and the rest, at his highest by the union with the All, the Eternal or the Divine. The tendency towards the search for spirituality began in Europe with a recoil from the nineteenth century's scientific materialism, a dissatisfaction with the pretended all-sufficiency of the reason and the intellect and a feeling out for something deeper. That was a pre-war phenomenon, and began when there was no menace of Communism and the capitalistic world was at its height of insolent success and triumph, and it came rather as a revolt against the materialistic bourgeois life and its ideals, not as an attempt to serve or sanctify it. It has been at once served and opposed by the post-war disillusionment —opposed because the post-war world has fallen back either on cynicism and the life of the senses or on movements like Fascism and Communism; served because with the deeper minds the dissatisfaction with the ideals of the past or the present, with all mental or vital or material solutions of the problem of life has increased and only the spiritual path is left. It is true that the European mind having little light on these things dallies with vital will-o'-the wisps like spiritism or theosophy or falls back upon the old religionism; but the deeper minds of which I speak either pass by them or pass through them in search of a greater Light. I have had contact with many and the above tendencies are very clear. They come from all countries and it was only a minority who hailed from England or America. Russia is different —unlike the others it had lingered in mediaeval religionism and not passed through any period of revolt —so when the revolt came it was naturally anti-religious and atheistic. It is only when this phase is exhausted that Russian mysticism can revive and take not a narrow religious but the spiritual direction. It is true that mysticism a revers, turned upside down, has made Bolshevism <p align="left" style="line-height: 150%;

 

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and its endeavour a creed rather than a political theme and a search for the paradisal secret millennium on earth rather than the building of a purely social structure. But for the most part Russia is trying to do on the communistic basis all that nineteenth-century idealism hoped to get at —and failed —in the midst of or against an industrial competitive environment. Whether it will really succeed any better is for the future to decide —for at present it only keeps what it has got by a tension and violent control which is not over.

 

The Valley of the False Glimmer

 

One feels here [in the letters of Krishnaprem] a stream from the direct sources of Truth that one does not meet so often as one could desire. Here is a mind that can not only think but see —and not merely see the surfaces of things with which most intellectual thought goes on wrestling without end or definite issue and as if there were nothing else, but look into the core.     The Tantriks have a phrase paśyantī vāk to describe one level   of the Vak-Shakti, the seeing Word; here is paśyantī buddhi, a seeing Intelligence. It might be because the seer within has passed beyond thought into experience, but there are many who have a considerable wealth of experience without its clarifying their eye of thought to this extent; the soul feels, but the mind goes on with mixed and imperfect transcriptions, blurs and confusions in the idea. There must have been the gift of right vision lying ready in this nature.

It is an achievement to have got rid so rapidly and decisively of the shimmering mists and fogs which modern intellectualism takes for Light of Truth. The modern mind has so long and persistently wandered —and we with it —in that Valley of the False Glimmer that it is not easy for anyone to disperse its mists with the sunlight of clear vision so soon and entirely as has here been done. All that is said here about modern humanism and humanitarianism, the vain efforts of the sentimental idealist and the ineffective intellectual, about synthetic eclecticism and other kindred things is admirably clear-minded, it hits the target. It is not by  

 

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these means that humanity can get that radical change of its ways of life which is yet becoming so imperative, but only by reaching the bedrock of Reality behind, —not through mere ideas and mental formations, but by a change of the consciousness, an inner and spiritual conversion. But that is a truth for which it would be difficult to get a hearing in the present noise of all kinds of many-voiced clamour and confusion and catastrophe.

A distinction, the distinction very keenly made here, between the plane of phenomenal process, of externalised Prakriti, and the plane of Divine Reality ranks among the first words of the inner wisdom. The turn given to it in these pages is not merely an ingenious explanation; it expresses very soundly one of the clear certainties you meet when you step across the border and look at the outer world from the standing-ground of the inner spiritual experience. The more you go inward or upward, the more the view of things changes and the outer knowledge Science organises takes its real and very limited place. Science, like most mental and external knowledge, gives you only truth of process. I would add that it cannot give you even the whole truth of process; for you seize some of the ponderables, but miss the all-important imponderables; you get, hardly even the how, but the conditions under which things happen in Nature. After all the triumphs and marvels of Science the explaining principle, the rationale, the significance of the whole is left as dark, as mysterious and even more mysterious than ever. The scheme it has built up of the evolution not only of this rich and vast and variegated material world, but of life and consciousness and mind and their workings out of a brute mass of electrons, identical and varied only in arrangement and number, is an irrational magic more baffling than any the most mystic imagination could conceive. Science in the end lands us in a paradox effectuated, an organised and rigidly determined accident, an impossibility that has somehow happened, —it has shown us a  new, a material Maya, aghaṭana-ghaṭana-paṭīyasī, very clever at bringing about the impossible, a miracle that cannot logically be and yet somehow is there actual, irresistibly organised, but still irrational and inexplicable. And this is evidently because Science  

 

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has missed something essential; it has seen and scrutinised what has happened and in a way how it happened, but it has shut its eyes to something that made this impossible possible, something that it is there to express. There is no fundamental significance in things if you miss the Divine Reality; for you remain embedded in a huge surface crust of manageable and utilisable appearance. It is the magic of the Magician you are trying to analyse, but only when you enter into the consciousness of the Magician himself can you begin to experience the true origination, significance and circles of the Lila. I say "begin" because the Divine Reality is not so simple that at the first touch you can know all of it or put it into a single formula; it is Infinite and opens before you an Infinite Knowledge to which all Science put together is a bagatelle. But still you do touch the essential, the eternal behind things and in the light of That all begins to be profoundly luminous, intimately intelligible.

I have once before told you what I think of the ineffective peckings of certain well-intentioned scientific minds on the surface —or apparent surface —of the spiritual Reality behind things and I need not elaborate it. More important is the prognostic of a greater danger coming in the new attack by the adversary, the sceptics, against the validity of spiritual and supraphysical experience, their new strategy of destruction by admitting and explaining it in their own sense. There may well be a strong ground for the apprehension; but I doubt whether, if these things are once admitted to scrutiny, the mind of humanity will long remain satisfied with explanations so ineptly superficial and external, explanations that explain nothing. If the defenders of religion take up an unsound position, easily capturable, when they affirm only the subjective validity of spiritual experience, the opponents also seem to me to be giving away without knowing it the gates of the materialistic stronghold by their consent at all to admit and examine spiritual and supraphysical experience. Their entrenchment in the physical field, their refusal to admit or even examine supraphysical things was their tower of strong safety; once it is abandoned, the human mind pressing towards something less negative, more helpfully positive will pass to it  

 

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over the dead bodies of their theories and the broken debris of their annulling explanations and ingenious psychological labels. Another danger may then arise, —not of a final denial of the Truth, but the repetition in old or new forms of a past mistake, on one side some revival of blind fanatical obscurantist sectarian religionism, on the other a stumbling into the pits and quagmires of the vitalistic occult and the pseudo-spiritual —mistakes that made the whole real strength of the materialistic attack on the past and its credos. But these are phantasms that meet us always on the border line or in the intervening country between the material darkness and the perfect Splendour. In spite of all, the victory of the supreme Light even in the darkened earth consciousness stands firm beyond as the one ultimate certitude.

Art, poetry, music are not Yoga, not in themselves things spiritual any more than philosophy either is a thing spiritual or science. There lurks here another curious incapacity of the modern intellect —its inability to distinguish between mind and spirit, its readiness to mistake mental, moral and aesthetic idealisms for spirituality and their inferior degrees for spiritual values. It is mere truth that the mental intuitions of the meta physician or the poet for the most part fall far short of a concrete spiritual experience; they are distant flickers, shadowy reflections, not rays from the centre of Light. It is not less true that, looked at from the peaks, there is not much difference between the high mental eminences and the lower climbings of this external existence. All the energies of the Lila are equal in the sight from above, all are disguises of the Divine. But one has to add that all can be turned into a first means towards the realisation of the Divine. A philosophic statement about the Atman is a mental formula, not knowledge, not experience: yet sometimes the Divine takes it as a channel of touch; strangely, a barrier in the mind breaks down, something is seen, a profound change operated in some inner part, there enters into the ground of the nature something calm, equal, ineffable. One stands upon a mountain ridge and glimpses or mentally feels a wideness, a pervasiveness, a nameless Vast in Nature; then suddenly there comes the touch, a revelation, a flooding, the mental loses itself  

 

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in the spiritual, one bears the first invasion of the Infinite. Or you stand before a temple of Kali beside a sacred river and see what? —a sculpture, a gracious piece of architecture, but in a moment mysteriously, unexpectedly there is instead a Presence, a Power, a Face that looks into yours, an inner sight in you has regarded the World-Mother. Similar touches can come too through art, music, poetry to their creator or to one who feels the shock of the word, the hidden significance of a form, a message in the sound that carries more perhaps than was consciously meant by the composer. All things in the Lila can turn into windows that open on the hidden Reality. Still so long as one is satisfied with looking through windows, the gain is only initial; one day one will have to take up the pilgrim's staff and start out to journey there where the Reality is for ever manifest and present. Still less can it be spiritually satisfying to remain with shadowy reflections; a search imposes itself for the Light which they strive to figure. But since this Reality and this Light are in ourselves no less than in some high region above the mortal plane, we can in the seeking for it use many of the figures and activities of Life; as one offers a flower, a prayer, an act to the Divine, one can offer too a created form of beauty, a song, a poem, an image, a strain of music, and gain through it a contact, a response or an experience. And when that divine Consciousness has been entered or when it grows within, then too its expression in life through these things is not excluded from Yoga; these creative activities can still have their place, though not intrinsically a greater place than any other that can be put to divine use and service. Art, poetry, music, as they are in their ordinary functioning, create mental and vital, not spiritual values; but they can be turned to a higher end, and then, like all things that are capable of linking our consciousness to the Divine, they are transmuted and become spiritual and can be admitted as part of a life of Yoga. All takes new values not from itself, but from the consciousness that uses it; for there is only one thing essential, needful, indispensable, to grow conscious of the Divine Reality and live in it and live it always.

 

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It seems to me that Krishnaprem has seen very clearly with his   usual accuracy and his mind of sight, paśyantī  buddhi, the truth about yourself and your sadhana. I think that you could not do better than accept his diagnosis and follow entirely his suggested treatment. Especially you should accept his assurance about the final result and give no room in your mind to any doubt on that point or any disposition to give up your own case as hopeless. To my eyes you seem to have been making very good progress in several directions and I have no doubt about your emerging from your difficulties into the light.

I do not think there is any real impasse, I mean no inescapable hold-up on the road from which you cannot get out; it only seems to be to you like that because of the difficulties created for you by your intellect. It is because of its preconceptions and fixed judgments that you cannot make the equation he considers needful for you. The intellect is full of things like that and cannot by itself see truly the things that reveal their meaning fully only in the light of psychic or spiritual truth; the equation he speaks of belongs to that order. The intellect is of use for perceiving material facts and their relations but even these it cannot be relied on to see rightly in their total reality; it may see rightly, but as often wrongly and always only partly and imperfectly. Moreover, as the modern psychologists have discovered, it sees them coloured by the hues supplied from its own individual temperament, its own psychological personality and from its own peculiar angle. It thinks it is seeing quite objectively and impersonally but it does not so see and cannot so see; a dog might as well try to escape from its own pursuing tail: the human intellect's thought and sight cannot escape from its own subjectivity and colouring personality. The deeper and more accurate view of things can be more easily attained by the mind of sight which Krishnaprem has so much   developed, paśyantī  buddhi. You may say that you have got only your intellect to help you with its judgments and opinions: but mental judgments and opinions —well, they are always personal things and one can never be perfectly sure that one's own are correct and the judgments and opinions of others which differ  

 

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widely or even diametrically from one's own are mistaken. But you need not be always solely dependent on this fallible and limited instrument; for, although you have not developed the mind of sight as Krishnaprem has done, it is certainly there. I have always seen that when you have been in a psychic condition with bhakti or the higher part of the mind and the vital upper most in you this mind of sight has come out and your ideas, feelings and judgments have become remarkably clear, right and often luminous. This has only to develop, you will then be able to see more clearly what Krishnaprem sees and many of your difficulties will disappear and the equation you want to make may become clear to you.

As for surrender, you already have it initially in your will to serve for the sake of service without claiming reward or success and without attachment to wealth or fame. If you extend that attitude into your whole sadhana, then realisation is sure. In any case, you should throw away all obsession of the sense of failure or the impossibility of success in your sadhana. Krishnaprem is surely right in telling you, when the Grace is on you and what he names as the Radhashakti is there to give you its unseen help, that the success of your sadhana is sure and the realisation will come. The impasse is a temporary block; your trust will become complete and the road to realisation clear.  

 

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